Month: June 2015

Categories
Courses Harvard Syllabus

Harvard Economics. Econ 7b. Single Tax, Socialism, Anarchism. Readings. Carver. 1919-20

According to the Harvard Annual President’s Report (p. 90), this course was taught by Thomas Nixon Carver in the second semester of the academic year 1919-20. Attending the course were 10 graduate students; 13 seniors, 29 juniors, 11 Sophomores, 1 Freshman; 14 students from other departments/divisions.

Course final examination questions are available here.

____________________________________

 

In the Official Register of Harvard University (Vol. XVI, October 30, 1919, No. 45) Division of History, Government, and Economics, 1919-20 (Second Edition, p. 64): The official course title was “The Single Tax, Socialism, Anarchism” and met Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays at 10 a.m.

Economics 7b: “A critical study of the theories which underlie some of the more radical programmes of social reform. An examination also of the social utility of private property in its various forms; also some attention to the concept of justice in economic relations; the concept of progress; the significance of conservatism and radicalism.”

 

____________________________________

 

Source: Harvard University Archives. HUC 8522.2.1. Syllabi, course outlines and reading lists in Economics, 1895-2003. Box 1. Folder: 1919-1920.

 

ECONOMICS 7b
SOCIALISM

Starred references are required

GENERAL WORKS, HISTORICAL

  1. *R. T. Ely. French and German Socialism.
  2. Bertrand Russell. German Social Democracy.
  3. John Rae. Contemporary Socialism.
  4. Thomas Kirkup. A History of Socialism.
  5. William Graham. Socialism, New and Old.
  6. Jessica B. Peixotto. The French Revolution and Modern French Socialism.
  7. B. Guthrie. Socialism Before the French Revolution.
  8. Hillquit. History of Socialism in the United States.
  9. Jessie W. Hughan. American Socialism of the Present Day.

 

GENERAL WORKS, EXPOSITORY AND CRITICAL

  1. *O. D. Skelton. Socialism, A Critical Analysis.
  2. E. Le Rossignol. Orthodox Socialism.
  3. Albert Schaeffle. The Quintessence of Socialism.
  4. Albert Schaeffle. The Impossibility of Social Democracy.
  5. T. Ely. Socialism: an Examination of its Nature, Strength and Weakness.
  6. James Mackaye. The Economy of Happiness.
  7. Henry M. Hyndman. The Economics of Socialism.
  8. Gustave Simonson. A Plain Examination of Socialism.
  9. Werner Sombart. Socialism and the Social Movement in the Nineteenth Century.
  10. Émile Vandervelde. Collectivism.
  11. Flint. Socialism.
  12. D. P. Bliss. A Handbook of Socialism.
  13. Jessie W. Hughan. The Facts of Socialism.
  14. de Laveleye. The Socialism of Today.
  15. Böhm-Bawerk. Karl Marx—The End of his System.
  16. E. Walling. The Larger Aspects of Socialism.
  17. P. Orth. Socialism and Democracy in Europe.
  18. John Spargo. Socialism.

 

TYPES OF SOCIALISTIC PROPAGANDA

I. IDEALISTIC. The appeal is made to all classes on the ground of piety, a sense of justice, or of sympathy for the laboring classes.

A. Religious. The religious motive is invoked in behalf of human brotherhood.

  1. Les Paroles d’un Croyant.
  2. Washington Gladden. Tools and the Man.
  3. Josiah Strong. Our Country.
  4. Josiah Strong. The New Era.

B. Fulminations. A thundering discontent with things as they are, with no very definite program for improvement.

  1. William Morris, Poet, Artist, Socialist. Edited by Francis Watts Lee. A collection of the socialistic writings of Morris.
  2. John Ruskin, the Communism of John Ruskin. Edited by W. D. P. Bliss. Selected chapters from Unto this Last, The Crown of Wild Olive, and Fors Clavigera.
  3. Thomas Carlyle, The Socialism and Unsocialism of Thomas Carlyle. Edited by W. D. P. Bliss. Selected chapters from Carlyle’s Various Works.

Socialism and everything resembling it were even more abhorrent to Carlyle than the present system.

   C. Utopian. Pictures of ideal Commonwealths.

  1. Plato’s Republic.
  2. Sir Thomas More. Utopia.
  3. Francis Bacon. New Atlantis.
  4. Tommaso Campanella. The City of the Sun. (Numbers 2, 3, and 4 may be found in convenient form in Morley’s Ideal Commonwealth.)
  5. Etienne Cabot. Voyage en Icarie.
  6. William Morris. News from Nowhere.
  7. Edward Bellamy. Looking Backward.
  8. Laurence Gronlund. The Cooperative Commonwealth.
  9. H. G. Wells. A Modern Utopia.

 

D. Experimental.

There were men and women who had so much confidence in socialism as to believe that it was only necessary to start it to insure its success. They believed that if the world could be given an example of socialism in operation, it would be led to adopt it.

  1. Charles Nordhoff. The Communistic Societies of the United States.
  2. Karl Kautsky. Communism in Central Europe in the Time of the Reformation.
  3. *W. A. Hinds. American Communities.
  4. H. Noyes. History of American Socialisms.
  5. T. Codman. Brook Farm Memoirs.
  6. Albert Shaw. Icaria.
  7. B. Landis. The Separatists of Zoar.
  8. O. Randall. History of the Zoar Society.

E. Opportunist.

  1. *Bernard Shaw and others. The Fabian Essays in Socialism.
  2. The Fabian Tracts.
  3. Edward Bernstein. Ferdinand Lassalle.
  4. Sidney and Beatrice Web. Problems of Modern Industry.
  5. C. K. Gonner. The Socialist Philosophy of Rodbertus.
  6. C. K. Gonner. The Socialist State.
  7. Vladimir G. Simkhovitch. Marxism versus Socialism.
  8. Ramsay Macdonald. Socialism.
  9. Sidney A. Reeve. The Cost of Competition.
  10. Edward Bernstein. Evolutionary Socialism.
  11. H. G. Wells. New Worlds for Old.

 

II.  MARXIAN. Believing that every man will work for his own material interests, and that in any capitalistic society, the laboring classes must sooner or later outnumber all others, the appeal is made, not to idealistic sentiments, but to the conscious self interest of the laboring classes. In their own interest they are to overthrow the present economic system and so up a socialistic system.

A. Theoretical

  1. Karl Marx. Capital.
  2. Frederic Engels. Socialism, Utopian and Scientific.
  3. Labriola. Essays on the Materialistic Conception of History.

 B.  Propagandist

(a) Political. Reliance is placed upon the voting power of the masses.

  1. Karl Marx and Frederic Engels. The Manifest of the Communist Party.
  2. Karl Kautsky. The Social Revolution.

(b) Militant. Reliance is placed upon the physical power of the masses. Ignore the state! The ballot is too slow!

(1) Bolshevist.

  1. Austin Lewis. The Militant Proletariat.
  2. Beatty, B. Red heart of Russia. Century, 1918.
  3. Bryant, L. Six red monthsin Russia. Doran, 1918.
  4. Petrunkevich, A. I. et al. Russian Revolution. Harvard University Press, 1918,
  5. Radzwill, C. Rasputin and the Russian revolution. Lane, 1918.
  6. Russell, C. E. Unchained Russia. Appleton, 1918.
  7. Sack, A. J. Birth of the Russian Democracy. Russian Information Bureau, 233 Broadway, N. Y.
  8. Trotzky, Leon (Bronshtein, L. D.). The Bolsheviki and World Peace, N. Y., 1918.
  9. Trotzky, Leon (Bronshtein, L. D.). Our Revolution; Essays on Working Class and International Revolution, N.Y., 1918.

(2) Syndicalist.

  1. Challange, Felicien. Syndicalisme revolutionaire et Syndicalisme reformiste. Paris. F. Alcan. 1909. 156 pp.
  2. Delivet, Emile. Les employées et leurs corporations. Paris. River. 1909.
  3. Dufor, ——-—-. Le syndicalisme et la prochaine revolution. Paris. M. Rivier. 1913.
  4. Estey, J. Revolutionary syndicalism; an exposition and a criticism. London. P. S. King. 1913.
  5. Garriguet, L. L’Évolution actuelle de socialisme en France. Paris. 1912.
  6. Harley, John H. Syndicalism. London & N. Y. Dodge Pub. 1912. 94pp.
  7. Kirkaldy, Adam W. Economics and syndicalism. University Press. Cambridge. 1914. 140 pp.
  8. MacDonald, James R. Syndicalism, a critical examination. 1913. Chicago. Open Court Pub. 74 pp.
  9. Pataud, Emile. Syndicalism and the cooperating commonwealth. Preface by Kropotkin. Oxford. 1913. 240 pp.
  10. Snowden, Philip. Socialism and Syndicalism. London. 1913. 262 pp.
  11. Spargo, John. Syndicalism, industrial unionism and socialism. N. Y. Huebsch. 1913. 243 pp.
  12. Ware, Fabian. The worker and his country. London. 1912. 288 pp.

(3) The I. W. W.

  1. Brissenden, Paul F. The launching of the Industrial Workers of the World. University of California Press. 1913. 82 pp. contains bibliography.
  2. *Brooks, John G. American synclicalismn. N. Y. Macmillan. 1913. 264 pp.
  3. De Leon, Daniel. Preamble of the I. W. W. address at Union Temple, Minneapolis. July 10, 1905. N. Y. Labor News Co. 48 pp.
  4. Trautman, William E. Direct. action and sabotage. Pittsburg Socialist News Co. 1912. 43 pp.

 

ANARCHISM

I. PHILOSOPHICAL. A more or less reasoned belief that the abolition of government, especially of government by force, would remove most of the ills of society. Clear in its perception that all government rests upon force; unclear in its reasoning to the conclusion that the use of force is wrong; divided in opinion as to the results of abolishing government.

A. Anarchist Communism. Seeing that property rights are the creation of government, it is concluded that the abolition of government would automatically abolish property and restore communism, and that the masses would pounce upon and destroy anyone who thereafter dared to call anything his own.

  1. J. Proudhon. What is Property?
  2. William Godwin. Political Justice.
  3. Peter Kropotkin. Memoirs of a. Revolutionist.
  4. Peter Kropotkin. The Scientific Basis of Anarchy. Nineteenth Century, 21: 218.
  5. Elisée Reclus. Evolution et revolution.
  6. William M. Salter. Anarchy or goveminent? An inquiry in fundamental government.
  7. H. Van Ornum. Why Government at all?
  8. Ernst V. Zenker. Anarchism; a criticism and history of the anarchist theory.
  9. Paul Boilley – Les Trois Socialismes; Anarchisme, Collectivism. Reformisme.
  10. Peter Kropotkin. La Science moderne et L’Anarchie.
  11. Peter Kropotkin. The Anarchy. Nineteenth Century, 22: 149.
  12. *Leo Tolstoi. The Slavery of Our Times.
  13. Elissee Reclus. Anarchy. Contemporary Review. 14: 627.
  14. Josiah Warren. Equitable Commerce.
  15. Josiah Warren. True Civilization as Immediate Necessity.

 

B. Exaggerated Individualism. There should he no restraint either moral or legal, upon the strong whose “ right ’ to govern and exploit the weak is the only natural or divine right there is. Nature abhors weakness and it is the mission of the strong to exterminate the weak, to the end that weakness may cease to exist and that strength alone may survive. Moral and legal codes are the inventions of the weak to protect themselves from the strong in order that weakness may fill the world with its own spawn.

  1. *Max Stirner (pseudonym for Kaskar Schmidt). Der Einzige und sein Eigenthum.
  2. Friederich Nietzsche. Also sprach Zarathustra.
  3. Friederich Nietzsche. Jenseits von Gut and Böse.
  4. James G. Huneker. Egoists: A Book of Supermen.

 

II. EMOTIONAL. A mere explosive protest against all forms of authority, particularly against the police power and other visible manifestations of authority.

  1. Mikhail Bakunin. Dieu et l’Etat.
  2. Emma Goldman. Anarchism and other Essays.
  3. Paul Eltzbacher. Anarchism.
  4. Hunter and R. Wiles. Violence and the Labor Movement.
  5. Krouse. The Anarchist Constitution.
  6. John H. Mackay. The Anarchists; a picture of civilization at the close of the 19th century.
  7. R. Parsons. Anarchism; its philosophy and scientific basis as defined by some of its apostles.
  8. R. Tucker. Anarchism; the attitude of anarchism toward industrial combinations.
  9. United States Department of Justice. Transmission through the Mails of Anarchistic publications. Message from the President. Washington. 1908.

 

THE SINGLE TAX

All public revenues shall be raised from a single tax on land values.

  1. *Henry George. Progress and Poverty.
  2. Henry George. Our Land and Land Policy.
  3. Alfred Russell Wallace. Land Nationalization.
  4. Thomas G. Shearman. Natural Taxation.
  5. Louis F. Post. The Single Tax.
  6. B. Fillebrown. A Single Tax Catechism.
Categories
Chicago Courses Economists Socialism Syllabus

Chicago Economics. Economics 354. Types of Econ Organization. Douglas. 1938

This is the Chicago version of the course taught at Harvard by Cummings, Carver and then Mason.

The Spring Quarter  of 1938 began March 28. The lecture notes taken by Norman M. Kaplan are for this course that met Tuesdays and Thursdays with his notes dated Mar 29, Mar 31, Apr 5, Apr 12, Apr 19, Apr 21, Apr 26, Apr 28, May 3, May 5, May 10, May 12. Hence we can be certain that the following (undated) syllabus with bibliography was for the Spring, 1938 course taught by Paul H. Douglas.

To those with an eye on contemporary U.S. politics: examining this reading list, one wonders if a professor like this today could imagine getting elected into the U.S. Senate! Perhaps Elizabeth Warren fits the bill but the bench looks pretty shallow…

________________________

H. SOCIAL DIRECTION AND CONTROL OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
[…]

  1. Types of Economic Organization.—An examination of the various forms of economic organization that have been proposed, including the utopias, individualism, Marxian socialism, collectivism, the single tax, syndicalism, guild socialism, communism, capitalism, and fascism. Prerequisite: Economics 209 [Intermediate Economic Theory: “A course designed for undergraduates majoring in Economics who have completed the other Departmental requirements for the degree and for graduate students with limited training in systematic theory. It deals with the factors controlling production, value and relative prices, and distribution.” Taught by Paul Douglas (Winter)], or its equivalent, Spring, Tu., Th., 3:30-5:30, Douglas.

Source: Announcements. The University of Chicago. The College and the Divisions for the Sessions of 1937-1938. p. 307.

________________________

Topics and Assigned Reading for Economics 354
Types of Economic Organization

[Spring Quarter, 1938]

The three main divisions of the course, with the basic assigned reading to be covered under each, are as follows:

I.  The Development of Utopian Thought – (2 weeks.)

  1. Plato and the “Republic.”
  2. Thomas More’s “Utopia.”
  3. The economic doctrines and activities of Robert Owen.
  4. French Utopian Socialism: Fourier, Cabet, and Saint-Simon (omitted 1937).

Assigned reading: (1) Plato, The Republic: Sections 368-374 of Book II, Sections 412-417 of Book III, Books IV and V entire; (2) More’s Utopia, Book II; (3), Owen’s Autobiography, or one of the better lives of Owen, such as those by Podmore [vol. 1, vol. 2], Cole and McCabe. [Handwritten addition: “Aristotle, Politics, Bk. II (1st 6 paragraphs)”]

Supplementary reading: 1) Aristotle, Politics, Sections 1-7; (2) Ernest Barker, Greek Political Thought—Plato; (3) Chambers, Thomas More; (4) Campenalla, The City of the Sun; (5) Bacon, New Atlantis; (6) Robert Owen, A New View of Society, etc.; (7) Charles Gide, Morceaux Choisis de Charles Fourier; (8) Cabet, Voyage en Icarie; (9) Bellamy, Looking Backward; (10) William Morris, News from Nowhere.

 

II. The Economic and Social Doctrines of Karl Marx (4 weeks)

  1. The differences between Marxism and Utopianism.
  2. The economic or materialistic interpretation of history.
  3. The labor theory of value; the theory of surplus value; and the alleged “great contradiction.”
  4. The theory of the final cataclysm.
  5. An appraisal of Marx’ thought.

Assigned reading: (1) Marx and Engels, Communist Manifesto; (2) Engels, Socialism—Utopian and Scientific; (3) Marx, Value, Price and Profit, sections VI-XIV; Marx, Capital, Vol. I, chapters I—sections 1 and 2, and A of section 3; VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XVI, XVII, XIX; Vol. III, last pages of chapter VIII and chapter IX; Book I, chapters XXV and (XXXII).

Supplementary reading: (1) Marx Capital, Vol. I, chapter XV; (2) Rühle, Karl Marx, or Mehring, Life of Marx; 3) Marx, Contribution to a Critique of Political Economy; (4) Hook, Towards and Understanding of Karl Marx; (5) Joseph, Karl Marx’ Theory of Value [sic, The Labour Theory of Value in Karl Marx, 1923]; (6) Böhm-Bawerk, Karl Marx and the Close of His System; (7) Bernstein, Evolutionary Socialism. (8) De Man, Psychology of Socialism.

 

III. The development of Proposals and Movements for Organizing Economic and Social Life. (In the main, post-Marxian). (4 weeks)

  1. The theory and practice of capitalism.
  2. Collectivism.
  3. Anarchism, syndicalism and guild socialism.
  4. Cooperation.
  5. The Single Tax.
  6. Modern Communism.
  7. Fascism.

Because of reasons of time, topics 3,4 and 5 will be scantily treated and may indeed be omitted.

Assigned reading. The material on these topics is, of course, enormous. The best treatment of collectivism is given in Fabian Essays (1888) by Webb, Shaw, Wallas, etc., and in Bernard Shaw’s The Common Sense of Municipal Trading. On anarchism: Proudhon and Kropotkin are the most suggestive writers. On cooperation, Beatrice Potter’s (Mrs. Webb) The Consumers Cooperative Movement in Great Britain; Beatrice and Sydney Webb, The Consumers Cooperative Movement; Gide, Consumers Cooperative Societies; Childs, Sweden—The Middle Way; Howe, Denmark—The Cooperative Way; are excellent.

All students of communism should read Lenin, The State and Revolution; and the two-volume work by Beatrice and Sydney Webb, Soviet Communism. See also the new constitution of Russia, reprinted by the Carnegie Foundation for International Peace.

On fascism, see Finer, Mussolini’s Italy; Mussolini, “Fascism,” in the Italian Encyclopedia; and Hitler’s Mein Kampf, to be read if possible in the original German instead of the expurgated English and American editions.

The principles of liberalism are well stated in the writings of Jefferson; John Stuart Mill, Liberty; Representative Government, etc.; Wilson, The New Freedom; Brandeis, The Curse of Bigness; Franklin Roosevelt; etc.

Supplementary reading: (1) For an able criticism of socialism and a defense of individualism, see Ludwig von Mises, Socialism; (2) Beer, History of British Socialism; (3) Norman Thomas, America’s Way Out; (4) Sidney and Beatrice Webb, A Constitution for the Socialist Commonwealth of Great Britain; (5) Levine, Syndicalism in France; (6) Cole, Guild Socialism; (7) Henry George, Progress and Poverty, especially Books V, VI, VII, VIII and IX; (8) Trotsky, The Russian Revolution; (9) Chamberlin, The Russian Revolution; (10) Seldes, Sawdust Caesar; (11) Salvemini, Under the Axe of Fascism; (12) Heiden, Life of Hitler; (13) Heiden, History of National Socialism; (14) Florinsky, Fascism and National Socialism; (15) Schuman, Nazi Germany; (16) Strachey, The Coming Struggle for Power; (17) Davis (editor) Modern Social Movements.

A somewhat fuller bibliography is appended.

________________________

 

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR POLITICAL ECONOMY 354
TYPES OF ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION

(Best References Starred)

1. Utopian

More, Thomas. Utopia
*Plato, The Republic (Benjamin Jowett, Trans.)
Barker-Ernest. Greek Political Theory
Aristotle. The Politics
Latimore-More. English Reprints
Engels, Frederick. Socialism, Utopian and Scientific
*Bacon, Francis. New Atlantus
*Campenella, Tomasso. The City in the Sun
*Morley, Ideal Commonwealths
Andrae, Christian Opolis
Owen, R. D. Threading My Way
Lockwood. The New Harmony Movement
Herzler, J. O. History of Utopian Thought
Mumford, Lewis. The Story of Utopias
Cabet, Reise Nach Ikarien, V. G.
Wells, H. G. A Modern Utopia
Godwin, Wm. Enquiry Concerning Political Justice
Fourier, Chas. Theorie de l’Unite universelle; Le Nouveau Monde industrial
Saint-Simon, G. Oeuvres de Saint Simon et d’Enfantin
*Morris, William. News from Nowhere
Morris, William. A Dream of John Ball
*Howells, W. D. A Traveller from Altruria
*Ely, R. T. French and German Socialism
*Bellamy, E. Looking Backward
Podmore, Frank. Biography of Robert Owen
*Autobiography of Robert Owen
*Owen, Robert. The Book of the New Moral World
Guthrie, W. B. Socialism before the French Revolution
Peixottot, J. B. The French Revolution and Modern French Socialism
*Hillquit, Morris. History of Socialism in the United States
*Noyes, John Humphrey. A History of American Socialisms
*Nordhoff, Charles. The Communistic Societies of the United States
Hinds, William. American Communities
Shaw, Albert. Icaria –A Chapter in the History of Communism
Kent, Rev. Alexander. Cooperative Communities in the United Status, in Bulletin of Department of Labor, No. 35, July, 1901
Clark, Bertha. The Huterian Brethern. Journal of Political Economy, April and June 1921
Gide, Charles Fourier
Owen. New View of Society
McCabe. Robert Owen
Cole. Robert Owen
Chambers. Thomas More

2. The Economic Interpretation of History

*Marx and Engels. Communist Manifesto
*Marx, Karl. Revolution and Counter-Revolution
*Loria, Achille. Essays on the Materialistic Interpretation of History
*Marx, Karl. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
Kautsky, K. The Class Struggle
Beard, C. A. Economic Interpretation of the Constitution
Beard, C. A. Economic Origins of Jeffersonian Democracy
Engels, Frederick. Socialism, Utopian and Scientific
Engels , Frederick. Condition of the Working Classes in England in 1844
Engels, Frederick. The Roots of the Socialist in Philosophy Feuerbach
Engels, Frederick. Landmarks of Scientific Socialism, Anti-Duhring
Simone, A. M. Class Struggles in America.
Simone, A. M. Social Forces in American History
*Seligman, E. R. A. The Economic Interpretation of History
Seligman, E. R. A. Essay on Problems of Readjustment after the War
Howe, F. C. Why War?
Brailsford, H. N. War of Steel and Gold
Hobson, J. A. Imperialism
Loria, A. Economic Causes of War
Croce, B. The Historical Materialism of Karl Marx
Ogburn, W. F. The Psychological Basis for the Economic Interpretation of History. Supp. Am. Econ. Rev. March 1919
Hansen, A. H. The Technological Interpretation of History. Quarterly Journal of Economics, November 1921
Marx, Karl. The Gotha Program
Marx, Karl. The Poverty of Philosophy
Earl, E. M. The War and The Bagdad Railway
D’Espagnel, P. The World’s Struggle for Oil
Woolf, L. S. Empire and Commerce in Africa
Woolf, L. S. Economic Imperialism
Morel, E.D. Red Rubber
Young, G. Nationalism and War in the Near East
Young, G. The Machinery of Diplomacy
Rai, Laypat, England’s Debt to India
Tawney, Religion and the Rise of Capitalism
S. Hook, Towards an Understanding of Karl Marx
Brailsford, Property or Peace

 

3. Marxian Economics

A.      Marx, Karl. Capital. 3 Vols.

*Marx, Karl. A Critique of Political Economy
*Marx, Karl. Value, Price, and Profit (Popular epitome of Marx’s Theories)
Aveling, Edward. The Student’s Marx
Hyndman, H. M. The Economics of Socialism
Correspondence of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
**Rühle, Karl Marx
Mehring—Life of Marx
Meyer—Frederick Engels

B.    Pro-Marxian

*Untermann, Ernest. Marxian Economics
*Boudin, Louis. The Theoretical System of Karl Marx

C.     Anti-Marxian

*Bohm-Bawerk, E. Von. Karl Marx and the Close of His System
*Le Rossignol, J. E. Orthodox Socialism
Cross, I. B. Essentials of Socialism
*Skelton, O. D. Socialism, A Critical Analysis. Pp. 95-137
*Le Rossignol, J. E. What in Socialism?
Scott, J. R. Karl Marx on Value
Joseph. Labor Theory of Value in Karl Marx.

D.    Pre-Marxian Economic Theories

*Menger, Anton. The Right to the Full Produce of Labor. (A review of labor theories, and a belittling of Marx’s originality.)
*Lowenthal, Esther. The Ricardian Socialists
*Whitaker, A. O. The Labor Theory of Value
Beer, Max. A History of British Socialism, Vol. I, pp. 182-270
Gonner, E. C. K. The Social Philosophy of Rodbertus
Ricardo, David. Principles of Political Economy and Taxation

 

4. Marxian Predictions of the Economic Development of Capitalism

A.     Large-scale Industry

*Bernstein, E. Evolutionary Socialism
*Simkhovitch, V. G. Marxism vs. Socialism
*Rubinow, S. M. Was Marx Wrong?
Dewing, A. S. A Statistical Text of the Success of Consolidation, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Nov. 1921. Vol. XXXVI.
Berle and Means: The Modern Corporation.
Bernheim – Big Business

B.    Agriculture

Department of Agriculture: The Economic Basis of the Agricultural Adjustment Act
Bernstein, Simkhovitch and Robinow as above
Stewart, C. L. Land Tenure in the United States
Bogart, E. L. Farm Ownership in the United States, Jour. Pol. Econ., Vol. XVI
Simons, A. M. The American Farmer
David, Edward. Socialism and Land Wirtschaft
Benjamin. Socialists and the Agrarian Question, Jour. Pol. Econ., June, 1926

 

C.    Distribution of Wealth – (Marx’s Theories of Increasing Misery and the Disapperance of the Middle Class Considered)

(1) United States

*Nationa1 Bureau of Economic Research. Income in the United States
King, W. Wealth and Income of the People of the United States
Nearing, Scott. Income
Nearing, Scott. Financing the Wage-Earner’s Family
Streightoff, F. H. Distribution of Wealth in the United States
More, L. B. Wage Earner’s Budgets
Chapin, R. C. Standard of Living in New York City
Kennedy, J. C. Standard of Living in Stockyards District
Streightoff, F. H. Standard of Living of Industrial People in United States
Ryan, J. A. A Living Wage
Ryan, J. A. Distributive Justice. Economic Review, September 1921
Soule, George. The Productivity Factor in Wage Determination. American Economic Review: Supplement. 1925, pp. 129-40, Vol. 13. (1925)
Federal Trade Commission: National Wealth and Income
Nearing, Scott. Wages in the United States.
Federal Trade Commission, National Wealth and Income.
Leven, Moulton & Warburton. America’s Capacity to Consume
Douglas. Real wages in the United States, 1890-1926
Douglas and Dennison. The Movement of Money and Real Wages, 1926-1928
Houghteling. The Income and Standard of Living of the Unskilled Laborer in Chicago

(2) England

Stamp, J. C. British Incomes and Property
Rountree, B. S. Poverty – A Study of Town Life
Booth, Ch. A Summary of the Life and Labor of the People of London
Bowley. The Change in the Distribution of the National Income 1880-1913
Bowley, A. L. The Division of the Product of Industry
Stamp, J. C. Wealth and Taxable Capacity of Great Britain
Smith and others. A New Survey of London Life and Labour. 10 vols.
Clark. The National Income

(5) Other Countries

Bägge. Wages in Sweden. 1860-1930.
Kuczynski, J. Die Entwicklung der Lage der Arbeiterschaft, 1870-1933
Kuczynski, J. Löhne und Konjunktur in Deutschland, 1887-1932
Kuczynski, J. Die Entwicklung der Löhne in Frankreich und Belgien, 1895-1933.
Simiand, F. Le Salaire. 3 vols.

D.    Unemployment (The Industrial Reserve Army)

Pigou, A. C. Unemployment
Beveridge, W. C. Unemployment
Poyntz and Webb. Seasonal Trades
American Association of Labor Legislation. Unemployment survey, 1915.
Barnes, C. B. The Longshoremen
Webb, S. and B. The Minority Reports of the Poor Law Commission
Berridge, W. A. Cycles of Employment
Hobson, J. A. The Economics of Unemployment
Cole, G. D. H. Out-of-Work
Douglas and Director. The Problem of Unemployment

E.    Crises

Mitchell, W. C. Business Cycles
Jugler, C. A Brief History of Panic
Moore, H. L. Economic Cycles
*Rodbertus, K. J. Over Production and Crises. (Translated by Frank)
Foster and Catchings, Profits
Douglas. Controlling Depressions
Mills. Economic Tendencies in the United States
Hayek. Prices and Production
Strachey. The Nature Of Capitalist Crisis
Pigou. Industrial Fluctuations
Schumpeter. Theory of Economic Development
Martin. The Limited Market
Keynes—The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.

 

5. The Socialist Movement in Various Countries

A.    General

Postgate, R. W. Revolution
*Laideer, H. W. Socialism in Thought and Action
*Kirkup, F. History of Socialism (authoritative and reliable)
Ensor, R. C. K. Modern Socialism (gives important extracts showing attitude of Socialists in different countries)
*Walling, Stokes, Hugan, Laidler. The Socialism of Today (invaluable study of present-day tendencies in all countries)
Postgate, R. W. The Workers International
Guillaume, J. L’Internationale, 4 vols.
Hunter, Robert. Violence and the Labor Movement
De Montgomery, B. G. British and Continental Labour Policy
Shadwell. The Socialist Movement, 2 vols.
Fainsod, International Socialism During the War

B.  Specific

(1) Germany

Russell, Bertrand. German Social Democracy
Dawson, W. H. Bismarck and State Socialism
Ely, R. T. French and German Socialism, pp. 156-244
Saunders, W. S. Trade Unionism in Germany

(2) France

Blanc, Louis, L‘Organization du Travail
Jaures, J. Studies in Socialism

(3) Belgium

Bertrand, Louis. Histoire de la Democratie et du Socialisme en Belgique depuis 1830
Douglas, D. W. G. De Greef. The Social Theory of a Syndicalist

(4) England

*Beer, Max. History of British Socialists
Seligman, E. R. A. Owen and the Christian Socialists
Webb, Sidney. Socialism in England
Shaw, Bernard. Early History of the Fabian Society
*Pease, E. R. History of the Fabian Society
Noel, Conrad. The Labor Party
Raven, M. E. The Christian Socialists
Gleason. What the Worker Wants
Blanshard. The British Labor Movement
Chartism in England
Rosenblatt, E. F. The Economic Aspects of Chartism. (Columbia Univ. Studies)
Slosson, P. W. The Decline of Chartism (Columbia University Studies)
West, J. Chartism
Hovell, M. The Chartist Movement
Cammage, R. The Chartist Movement
Life of Willim Lovett
Hofhouse, Stephen. Life of Joseph Sturge
Trevelyan, G. M. Life of Bright
Morley, J. Life or Cobdan

(5) Australasia

*Clark, V.S. The Labor Movement in Australasia.
Le Rossignol and Stewart. State Socialism in New Zealand
Hutchinson, R. H. The State Socialism of Australasia

(6) The United States

Hillquit, Morris. History of Socialism in America
Hughan, Jessie, W. American Socialism of the Present Day
Socialist Congressional Campaign Book, 1914, 1916, 1920; 1928; 1932
Trachtenberg, Alex. Editor. The American Labor Year Book, 1916, 1918, 1919, 1922, etc.
Macy, John. Socialism in America
Benedict, Bertram. The Larger Socialism
Fine. Farmer Labor Parties in American History
Douglas. The Coming of a New Party
Hicks. The Populist Movement.
Thomas. America’s Way Out
Thomas. As I See It

 

6. The Liberal Socialist Ideal

**Russell, B. Proposed Roads to Freedom
*Wells, H. G. New Worlds for Old (A delightful and engrossing book)
*Dickinson, G. Lowes. Justice and Liberty.
*Shaw, Webb, Wallas and others. Fabian Essays (Well written and cogently stated)
*Tawney, R. H. The Acquisitive Society
Walling, W. E. Socialism as It Is
Wells. Mankind in the Making
Wells. This Misery of Booth
Spargo and Arner. Essentials of Socialism
Spargo, John. Socialism (A popular statement by an able supporter)
Spargo, John. Applied Socialism (A constructive attempt to apply the socialist principle to life)
Wells, H. G. and others. Socialism and the great state
Walling, Stokes, Hughan, Laidler. The Socialism of Today
Snowden, P. Socialism and Syndicalism
Hughan, M. The Facts of Socialism
Hillquit, M. Socialism in Theory and Practice
Hillquit, M. Socialism Summed-up
Kautsky, K. The Social Revolution
Schaeffle, A. The Quintessence of Socialism
*Webb, S. and B. A Constitution for the Socialist Commonwealth of Great Britain
Massart and Vandervelde. Parasitism, Organic and Social
*Hunter, Robert. Violence and the Labor Movement
Shaw, Bernard. Socialism and Superior Brains
Wilde, Oscar. The Soul of Man under Socialism
Rauschenbush, W. Christianity and the Social Crisis
Soudder, Vida D. Socialism and Character
Walling, W. E. The Larger Aspects of Socialism
Sellars, R. W. The Next Step in Democracy
*Benedict, Bertram, N. S. The Larger Socialism
Hobson, J. A. Incentives in the New Social Order.
British Labor Party—Labor and the New Social Order
Henderson, Arthur.— The Aims of Labor
Morris, William. Hopes and Fears for Art
Webb, J. and B. The Collapse of Capitalist Civilization
Russell, Bertrand and Dora. The Prospects of Industrial Civilization
Sturt, Henry. Socialism and Character

 

Socialism and War

Walling, W. E. The Socialists and the War (Excellent documentary collection)
Boudin, Louis. Socialism and War
Files of La Guerre Sociale. Edited by Gustav Herve
Kellogg and Gleason. British Labor and the War
Hunter, Robert. Violence and the Labor Movement

 

8. Collectivism

 

*Davies, E. The Collectivist State in the Making
Shaw, Bernard. The Common Sense of Municipal Trading
Clark, W. E. Municipal Ownership in the United States
*Fabian. Report on State and Municipal Enterprise
Holcombe, A. N. Public Ownership of Telephones on the Continent of Europe
Hammeon, J . C. The British Post-Office
Mavor, James. Public Telephones
Gray, H. L. War Time Control of Industry
*Walling and Laidler. State Socialism, Pro and Con
Ise, John. Our National Forest Policy
Guyot, Yves. Where and Why Public Ownership Has Failed
McKaye, James. Yankee Socialism
Cheozza-Money, L. G. The Triumph of Nationalization
Strobel, Heinrich. Socialization in Theory and Practice
Hodges, Frank. The Nationalization of the Mines
De Montgomery, B. G. British and Continental Labour Policy, pp. 476-529
Survey, issue of March l, 1924 on Giant Power
Strobel, Heinrich. The German Revolution
Thompson. Public Ownerships

 

9. Criticisms of Socialism

*Skelton, O. D. Socialism – A Critical Analysis (excellent)
*Schaeffle, A. The Impossibility of Social Democracy (very good)
Ely, R. T. Socialism and Social Reform
Mallock, W. H. A Critical Examination of Socialism
*Mallock, W. H. Aristocracy and Evolution
*Le Rossignol. What Is Socialism?
Ryan-Hillquit. Socialism, Promise or Menace? (See arguments of Father Ryan against Socialism.)
Guyot, Yves. Socialist Fallacies
Guyot, Yves. The Tyranny of Socialism
Leroy-Beaulieu, P. Collectivism
Belloc, H. The Servile State
Hayek (editor) Collective Economics.
Mises. Socialism.

 

10. References on Anarchistic Theory

1. Individualistic

Godwin, Political Justice
Herbert Spencer. Man Versus the State
Donnisthrope. Liberty
Proudhon. Solution of the Social Problem
Tolstoi. What Shall We Do Then?
Tolstoi. The Kingdom of God Is Within You
Tolstoi. My Religion
Tolstoi. Essays
Tucker. Instead of a Book by a Men Too Busy to Write One

2. Communistic

Kropotkin. Fields, Factories, and Workshops
Kropotkin. The Conquest of Bread
Kropotkin. Mutual Aid
Kropotkin. Memoirs of a Revolutionist
Kropotkin. Anarchist Essays

3. Criticism

Shaw. The Impossibilities of Anarchism

 

11. Syndicalism

Levine. The Labor Movement in France
Pataud et Pouget. Comment Nous Ferons la Revolution?
Pouget. Sabotage
Jouhaux. Le Syndicaliam et Le C. G. T.
Brissenden. The I. W. W.

Criticisms

McDonald. Syndicalism
Spargo. Socialism, Syndicalism and Industrial Unionism

 

12. Guild Socialism

Cole. Self-Government in Industry
Cole. Guild Socialism Re-Stated
Hobson. National Guilds
Carpenter. Guild Socialism Re-Stated

 

13. Consumers Cooperation

Gide. The Consumers Cooperative Societies
Beatrice Potter. The Cooperative Movement in Great Britain
S. & B. Webb. The Consumers Cooperative Movement
Catherine Webb. Industrial Cooperation
Maxwell. History of Cooperation in Scotland
Fay. Cooperation at Home and Abroad
Wolff. Cooperation and the Future of Industry
Warbasse. Cooperative Democracy
Sonnichsen. Consumers Cooperation
Warne. Consumers Cooperation in Illinois
Bergengren. People’s Banks
Russell (“A.E.”). The National Being
Childs. Sweden — The Middle Way
Howe. Denmark — The Cooperative Way

 

14. The Single Tax

George. Progress and Poverty
Young. The Single Tax Movement in the United States
Post. The Taxation of Land Values
Post. What is the Single Tax?
Brown. The Taxation of Unearned Incomes

 

15. Modern Communism

A. Description of Theory

Lenin. The State and Revolution
Lenin. Can the Bolsheviks Maintain Power?
Bukarin and Preobrazhensky. The A. B. C. of Communism
Trotsky. In Defense of Terrorism
Postgate. The Bolshevik Theory
Russell. Bolshevik Theory and Practice
Fox. Lenin
Lenin. Collected Works
Stalin. Collected Works

B. Description of Developments in Russia

Trotsky. The Russian Revolution, 2 vols
Farbman. The Five Year Plan
Hindus. Humanity Uprooted
Hindus. Red Bread
Chamberlin. Soviet Russia–The Iron Age [sic, Russia’s Iron Age, 1934]
Karlgren. Bolshevist Russia (hostile)
Antonelli. Bolshevik Russia (Historical and critical)
Chase and Others. Soviet Russia in the Second Decade
Chamberlain. The Russian Revolution, 1917-1921
Hoover. The Economic Organization of Soviet Russia
***Webb, S. & B. Soviet Communism. 2 vols. The best work thus far. Should be read by all students.
Rosenberg. History of Bolshevism
Trotsky. The Revolution Betrayed

C. Critical

Kautsky. The Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Kautsky. Terrorism and Communism

 

16. Fascism

Machiavelli. The Prince
Mussolini. My Life
Hitler. Mein Kampf
Schneider. Making the Fascist State
Dutt. Fascism and Social Revolution
Salvimini. Fascism (hostile)
Strachey. The Coming Struggle for Power
Schuman. The Nazi Dictatorship
Bolton, King. Fascism
Pitigliani. The Italian Cooperative State [1933]
Finer. Mussolini’s Italy
Rosenstock-Franck. L’Économie Corporative en Theorie et Pratique [L’économie corporative fasciste en doctrine et en fait, 1934]
Seldes. Sawdust Caesar
Hoover. Germany Enters the Third Reich
Dennis, Lawrence. The Coming American Fascism
Salvemini. Under the Axe of Fascism
Rosso. The Road to Exile.

17. The Theory of Capitalism

Smith. The Wealth of Nations.
Carver. Essays in Social Justice.
Herbert Hoover. Defense of Liberty,
Pigou. The Economics of Welfare.
Cassel. The Theory of Social Economy.

 

18. Recent Books on Fascism, Communism, Democracy (1938)

A. Fascism

*Borgese, Goliath, The March of Fascism.
*Roberts, The House that Hitler Built.
Schmidt, The Plough and the Sword.

 

B. Communism

*Lyons, Assignment in Utopia.
Beal, Proletarian Journey.
Smith, I was a Soviet Worker.
Trotsky, The Revolution Betrayed.

(All of the above books on communism are hostile criticisms from ex-communists about the dictatorial aspects of the Russian government)

C. [Democracy]

Heiman, *Fascism, Communism and Democracy [sic, Communism, Fascism or Democracy?]
Pigou, *Socialism versus Capitalism.

 

D. On Some Problems of Pricing, etc., in a Socialist Economy.

*Mises, Socialism.
*Hayek, Mises, Barone, etc., Problems of Collectivist Planning.
*Lange, “The Economic Theory of Socialism,” Review of Economic Studies, October 1936, February 1937.
Lerner, “Economic Theory and Socialist Economy,” Review of Economic Studies, October 1934.

Source: The University of Chicago Library. Norman M. Kaplan Papers. Box 1, Folder 7.

Categories
Columbia Economists

John Bates Clark Biography from Amherst Yearbook 1894

 

This mid-life testimony about the career of John Bates Clark is interesting to compare to the Memorial Minute entered into the record by his Columbia colleagues one month after his death in 1938.

_____________________

 

JOHN BATES CLARK, who fills the Chair of Political Economy at Amherst, was born January 26, 1847, in Providence, R. I. His father, John H. Clark, was a manufacturer; his mother was the daughter of Dr. Thomas Huntington, the youngest son of Gen. Jedidiah Huntington, of New London, Conn. Professor Clark has, therefore, by right of inheritance, both the industrial traits and the conservatism of New England.

Until his twentieth year, his home was at Providence. In the public schools of that city, he fitted for college, and passed at Brown the first and second years of his college course. In 1867, owing to the — happily temporary — crippled condition of the faculty of that institution, he came to Amherst and entered as Junior the class of ’69. Before the close of the year he was called to the new home of his family, Minneapolis, Minn. It was the failing health of his father that had led to the removal from Providence, and that now broke in upon his academic course. At Minneapolis he assumed and carried for more than a year business responsibilities of considerable weight. Here, too, he came, for the first time, under the spell of the new Northwest; and each influence, that of business responsibility and that of the new environment, had in it a valuable tonic quality. Moreover, some of those who are privileged to know him best think they find the source of certain traits which they greatly like, in the filial solicitude which kept the thought of self far in the background at the very period in a young man’s life when it is naturally, and, perhaps justifiably, most prominent. An improvement, unhappily transient, in his father’s health, permitted his return in the fall of ’69 to Amherst, and the resumption of study with the class of ’71. Then came his father’s death and a second interruption of his course at Amherst; this time, however, it lasted but a year. He graduated with the class of ’72. It is, perhaps, noteworthy that his connection with ’69, ’71 and ’72 made him, for nearly equal periods, the classmate of Prof. H. B. Adams of Johns Hopkins University, and of Professors Garman, Morse and Richardson, who are now his colleagues at Amherst.

Of Professor Clark’s scholarship it is enough to say that, in spite of two breaks in his college course, which together covered fully three years, and in spite of the distracting and absorbing nature of the cause of these breaks, his standing at graduation was higher than that of any man of his class. Of his character during this period the best witness is the singularly deep and fine impression which he made on classmates and teachers.

While at Amherst President Seelye, then Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy, advised him to give special attention to social and economic studies, and his interest in these developed rapidly under the instruction of this wise counsellor and powerful teacher. During his Senior year he made that analysis of wealth which was afterwards published in chapter first of “The Philosophy of Wealth.”

The three years following graduation were passed in Germany, Switzerland and France, in the study of economics and history. One semester was spent at Zurich, and a considerable period at Paris, but the larger part of his university work was done at Heidelberg under the direction of Professor Knies. It is worth remarking that these three years abroad were not, in the ordinary sense, wanderjahre; for the companionship of his mother and sister gave him, although a resident of foreign lands, the advantages of an American home. On his return to the United States in 1875, he married Miss Myra A. Smith of Minneapolis. In his home there are now three sons in various stages of preparation for Amherst College, and a daughter who has not yet decided between the claims of Vassar, of which her mother is a graduate, and Smith, where her father was an honored professor.

Professor Clark’s career as a teacher began in 1875 with an appointment to a lectureship in Carleton College, Carleton, Minn. A few weeks after the beginning of his work, a severe typhoidal illness led to an enforced vacation of more than a year. In 1877 he was appointed Professor of Economics and History at Carleton, and there he remained until 1882, when he accepted the Chair of History and Political Science at Smith College. In 1892 he was elected Professor of Political Economy at Amherst; during the following year he gave instruction both at Smith and at Amherst; in ’93 the transfer to Amherst was completed. In addition to his professorship at Amherst, he has held, since 1892, the position of Lecturer on Economics at Johns Hopkins University. The fact that both at Carleton and Smith the parting was with very great reluctance, bears pleasant testimony to the impression he made on the trustees, the faculty and the students of these institutions; and here at Amherst the appreciation, already marked, of his fine and sterling traits as man and teacher, is steadily growing.

In the promotion of economic science through the association of those who made its advancement their life work, Professor Clark has taken a leading part. In 1885 he helped to organize the American Economic Association, the largest and most active of its kind in the world. At its founding he was made third vice-president, and the chairman of the Committee on Economic Theory. In 1893 he was elected president; his immediate predecessor in this office was Professor Dunbar, of Harvard, who followed Gen. Francis A. Walker (A. C. class of 1860), the first president.

Professor Clark’s publications on economic subjects amount all told to thirty. These have appeared for the most part in the New Englander, the Political Science Quarterly, the International Journal of Politics, the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, the Quarterly Journal of Economics, the Yale Review, the Revue d’Economie Politique, and Palgrave’s Dictionary of Political Economy. The themes treated are indicated by the following titles : “The Law of Wages and Interest,” “Distribution as Determined by a Law of Rent,” “The Ultimate Standard of Value,” “The Genesis of Capital,” “Insurance and Business Profits,” “Trusts,” “The Influence of Land on the Rate of Wages,” “The Statics and the Dynamics of Distribution.” The articles first published in the New Englander, nine in number, were re-published with some others in 1883, under the title of “The Philosophy of Wealth.” This book was followed by a monograph on “Capital and its Earnings.” Another monograph, written in co-operation with Mr. Stuart Wood, was on “Wages.” Two of the articles that appeared in the Political Science Quarterly were re-published with two by Professor Giddings, in a volume entitled “The Modern Distributive Process.”

In their entirety these various publications present a system of Economics the central feature of which is a new theory of Distribution. According to this theory the existing industrial system, though containing abuses, is in principle sound; and the abuses will gradually disappear if the legal and moral forces of society acting in their own distinct and proper spheres can be made to do their full duty. Briefly told. Professor Clark in spirit, thought and method, is conservatively progressive. His presence at Amherst gives to every friend of the College cause for hope and cheer.

Source: Amherst Yearbook Olio ’96 (New York, 1894), pp. 7-9. Picture above from frontispiece. Another link.

 

Categories
Columbia Courses

Columbia Economics. Historical and Practical Political Economy. Mayo-Smith, early 1890´s

 

 

Source: An eight page pamphlet (undated), the third, in a bound collection of 14 miscellaneous pamphlets of Columbia University  Colleges and Universities (New York Public Library ID# 3 3433 08006932 5, call number: STG (Columbia) p.v.2). From course catalogues it is clearly Richmond Mayo-Smith‘s course. Judging from the date of last journal article, we can date this outline to 1891-92.

_______________________ 

Historical and Practical Political Economy.

Outline of Lectures to the Students of the School of Political Science of Columbia College

_______________

Book I. Introduction. The Bases of Political Economy.

_______________

Chap. I.—The Theoretical Basis; Political Economy as a Science.

Par. I.—Relation of Political Economy to Political and Social Science.

Literature: Walker, Political Economy, Introduction;[3rd ed., 1892]; Roscher, Political Economy. Introduction [1878] [Vol. 1, Vol. 2]; Cossa, Guide to the Study of Political Economy;[1880] Smith (Munroe), The Domain of Political Science, Polit. Sci. Quarterly [1886], I. p. 1.

Definitions ; Political Economy a social science ; what is meant by society and social science; relation of Political Economy to Political Science, to Jurisprudence, to History, to Statistics, to Philosophy and Ethics. Importance of the economic side of civilization.

Par. 2.—Function of Political Economy in the study of Political Science.

Literature: Same as above.

(1) Historical: to explain how political development has been influenced by economic conditions (2) Critical: to direct state action in respect to the economic interests of the community. Social problems of the present time are mainly economic. Antithesis between recent political and economic development.

Par. 3.—Method of Study and Literature of Political Economy.

Literature: Cossa, Guide to the Study, etc.; Cairnes, Logical Method of Political Economy [1875]; Bagehot, Postulates of Polit. Econ. [1885]; Science Economic Discussions [Richard T. Ely et al., 1886]; Ingram, History of Polit. Econ. [1888, reprinted 1915]

(1) Historical and descriptive political economy. (2) Dogmatic political economy. The deductive or abstract method; the inductive or historical method ; how to investigate economic problems; how to reach principles of economic life; advantages of the inductive method.

History of economic writing and doctrine. Adam Smith and the classical school. The German historical school. The socialists. Recent writers in England, the United States, Germany, France and Italy.

 

Chap. II.—The Practical Basis ; Economic Organization of Society.

Par. 1.—Sketch of the general economic development of the civilized world. 

Literature: Blanqui, History of Political Economy [4th ed. 1880]; Kautz, Nationaloekonomik [Vol 1, 1858], [Vol 2; 1860]; Guizot, History of Civilization in France [sic] [Vol. 1, 1856; Vol. 2, 1856; Vol. 3, 1856]; Ashley, Introduction to English Economic History [Middle Ages, 2nd ed, 1892; End Middle Ages, 2nd ed, 1893]; Cunningham, Growth of English Industry [1882] [2nd ed, 1892]; Toynbee, The Industrial Revolution [1884].

Chronological periods: (1) Greece and Rome; (2) The early Germans; (3) The feudal system; (4) The absolute monarchy; (5) The modern industrial state.

Par. 2.—Survey of the present economic condition of the world with particular reference to the social institutions affecting it. 

Literature: Bagehot, Postulates, etc. [1885]; Adams, Relation of the State to Industrial Action [1887].

The commercial-industrial character of society at the present time. Different degrees of civilization. The presence of a powerful political organization, i. e. the state. General considerations in respect to the functions of the state. The individualistic view; the socialistic demand.

Par. 3.—The principle of the personal liberty of the individual in its economic influence.

Literature: Wagner; Politische Oekonomie [1876 1st ed; Vol 1, Part 1, 3ed, 1892; Vol 1, Part 2, 3ed, 1894]; Rogers, Work and Wages [Vol 1, Vol 2; 1st ed 1884]; Jevons, The State in Relation to Labor [1882]; Farrer, The State in Relation to Trade [1883]; Cairnes, The Slave Power [1862]; Smith (R. M.), Emigration and Immigration, c. 13 [1890].

Origin of slavery in force or in unfavorable economic condition ; modification into serfdom; emancipation. Personal liberty formulated as an absolute principle: (a) The doctrine of equality; (b) Social rights such as freedom of marriage, of domicile, of emigration and immigration, of travel, of occupation and trade. Economic importance of these principles.

Par. 4.—The institution of private property in its economic influence.

Literature: Wagner, Politische Oekonomie, I [1876 1st ed; Vol 1, Part 1, 3ed, 1892; Vol 1, Part 2, 3ed, 1894]; Maine, Ancient Law [6th ed., 1876]; [Maine,] Early History of Institutions [1888]; [Maine,] Village Communities [3rd ed, 1876]; De Laveleye, Primitive Property [1878]; Proudhon, What is Property? [1876]

Theories of property; philosophical (natural and natural-economic); juristic (occupation and labor) ; legal (established by the state). History of private property in land; justification of private property in land. History and criticism of private property in capital and the means of production. Rights of private property—to use, buy and sell, freedom of contract, bequest and inheritance. Appropriation of private property by the state (eminent domain).

Book II.—Systematic Political Economy : Production.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS: FACTORS OF PRODUCTION; HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

Literature: Walker [3rd ed., 1892], Mill [Ashley edition], Roscher  [1878] [Vol. 1, Vol. 2], Wagner  [1876 1st ed; Vol 1, Part 1, 3ed, 1892; Vol 1, Part 2, 3ed, 1894].

Chapter 1.—Land.

Par. 1.—Land as a productive instrument.

Literature: Roscher, Nationaloekonomik des Ackerbaues [1867]; Rogers, History of Agriculture and Prices[7 vols, 1866-1902:  Vol. 1, Vol.2, Vol. 3, Vol. 4, Vol. 5, Vol. 6, Vol. 7a, Vol. 7b]. Prothero, History of English Farming [1888].

Fertility of soil; mineral resources ; climate ; commercial facilities. Increased productivity of the land. Methods of cultivation (history of agriculture) : primitive system ; three-field system ; rotation of crops ; intensive cultivation. Accessibility to new land (history of discovery.)

Par. 2—Natural resources of the United States.

Literature: U.S. Census; Reports of Department of Agriculture [List of publications of the Agriculture department 1862-1902, with analytical index]; Mineral Resources of the U.S. [e.g. 1886] ; Gold and Silver Production in the U.S. [possibly referring to 1869 publication].

Physical geography of the U.S. ; climate ; mineral resources; farms and farm products.

Par. 3.—Tenure of land.

Literature: Coben Club Essays, Land Tenure in Different Countries [1870]; Pollock, State in Relation to Land [1887, 2nd ed]; Richey, Irish Land Law [1880].

Landlord and tenant in England; Metayage in Italy ; peasant properties in France ; community of land in India and Russia ; Irish land system. The United States.

Par. 4.—Economic and social effects of different systems of land tenure.

Literature: Young, Travels in France; Shaw-Lefevre, English and Irish Land Question [1881]; Verney, How the French Peasant Lives [1888]; Mappin, Farm Mortgages, Polit. Sci. Quar.[1889], p. 431; Dunn, The Mortgage Evil, Polit. Sci. Quar. [1890] V., p. 65.

The relative advantages of large and small farming ; the social effects of land tenure ; the condition of farming in the United States. International competition.

 

Chapter II.—Labor as a Productive Agent

Par. 1.—The law of population

Literature: Malthus, Principles of Population [1803]; Roscher, Polit. Econ. Book V  [1878] [Vol. 1, Vol. 2]; Smith (R.M.), Statistics and Economics, part I [1888].

Growth of population ; restraints on population ; desirability of increased population ; economic analysis of population.

Par. 2.—Emigration and immigration.

Literature: Smith (R.M.), Emigration and Immigration [1890].

History of emigration and immigration ; statistics of immigration, sex, age, occupation, nationality, causes, etc. ; influence on population ; economic influence.

Par. 3.—Productivity of labor.

Literature: Mill [Ashley edition] ; De Laveleye [The Elements of Political Economy (1884)?]; Wright, Factory System [1884]; Engel, Zeitalter des Dampfes [Ernst Engel, Das Zeitalter des Dampfes in technisch-statistischer Beleuchtung (2nd ed. Berlin, 1881)].

Division of labor ; skill and trustworthiness of labor ; energy of labor ; introduction of steam power and machinery.

 

Chapter III.—Capital as a Productive Instrument.

Literature: Mill [Ashley edition]; Roscher  [1878] [Vol. 1, Vol. 2] ; Giffen, Growth of Capital [1889].

History of capital ; origin, growth and function of capital ; relation of capital to labor.

 

Chapter IV.—Methods and Results of Production.

Par. 1.—Productive Activity.

Literature: Mill [Ashley edition]; De Laveleye [The Elements of Political Economy (1884)?]; Walker [Political Economy, 3rd ed, 1892]; Commission of Depression of Trade [1886].

Classification of occupations ; different forms of productive enterprise, partnership, joint stock companies, corporations, etc. Production on a large and small scale.

Par. 2.—Productive power of the world.

Literature: Neumann-Spallart, Uebersichten der Weltwirtschaft [Vol 1, 1878; Vol 2, 1879; Vol 3, 1880; Vol 4, 1881/2; Vol 5, 1883/4; Vol 6, 1885/9] ; Smith (R. M.), Statistics and Economics, part 2 [1888] ; Roscher, Principles, Vol. 2.

Great increase in the quantity of wealth ; change in kind of wealth ; statistics of production. Unproductive consumption of wealth ; sumptuary laws ; function of the state in encouraging the production of wealth.

 

Book III.—Systemic Political Economy : Exchange

Chapter I.—Commerce.

Par. 1.—History of Commerce

Literature:  Blanqui, [History of Political Economy, 4th ed. 1880]; Kautz, [Nationaloekonomik Vol 1, 1858; Vol 2; 1860];  Levi, History of British Commerce [1872]; Roscher, Nationaloekonomik des Handels [1881].

Ancient and mediaeval commerce ; the crusades and renaissance ; the city confederations ; the period of discovery; navigation acts ; trading monopolies ; colonial policy ; freedom of commerce ; the commerce of the world.

Par. 2.—Free Trade and Protection.

Literature: Roscher, Principles, Vol. 2, Appendix; Taussig, History of the Tariff [1st ed, 1888; 5th ed ca 1910] ; Fawcett, Free Trade and Protection [6th ed, 1885]; Walker, Protection and Protectionists, Quar. Jour. Economics, IV [1890], 245 ; Roberts, Government Revenue [1884]; Patten, Economic Basis of Protection [1st ed, 1890; 2nd ed, 1896].

Advantages of commerce ; the mercantile system ; change to the modern system ; free trade in England ; protectionism in France and Germany ; history of the tariff in the United States ; arguments in favor of and against protection.

 

Chapter II.—Transportation.

Par. 1.—Highways, canals, shipping, etc.

Literature: Ency. Brittanica; U.S. Census, vol. 4 [1880 Census is referred to here. Cf. published in 1894 for 1890 Census: Report on Transportation Business, Part I—Transportation by Land, Part II-Transportation by Water]; Jenks, Road Legislation in American States [May, 1889].

History of highways, canals, etc. ; policy of the state ; statistics of shipping.

Par. 2.—Railroads, post and telegraphs

Literature: Hadley, Railroad Transportation [1885]; Seligman, Railway Tariffs [Part I, Part II], Polit. Sci. Quar. II [1887], pp. 223 and 369; Reps. of Interstate Commerce Commission; Wagner, Finanzwissenschaft [1883, Part 1, 3rd ed; ].

History of railroads; the railroad as a monopoly ; railroad competition ; railroad rates ; discriminations; the post and telegraph.

Par. 3.—The relation of the state to means of transportation.

Literature: Jenks, Hadley, Seligman, Wagner, as above.

Relation of the state to highways, bridges, canals, etc.; relation to railroads; system of private ownership and non-interference; of legislative regulation of rates; of railroad commissions; of state control or ownership.

 

Chapter III.—The Machinery of Exchange.

Par. 1.—Money.

Literature: Jevons, Money and the Mechanism of Exchange [1875]; Walker, Money [1878]; Soetbeer, Production of the Precious Metals, in U.S. consular reports, Dec., 1887 [Consular Reports on Commerce Manufactures, etc. No 87—December, 1887. Appendix D. Materials toward the elucidation of the economic conditions affecting the precious metals and the question of standards. AD. Soetbeer. (2nd revised edition), translated by F. W. Taussig. pp. 435-658.   Scan from Harvard library of Taussig’s personal copy!]. Laughlin, History of Bimetallism in the U. S.[2nd ed 1888 ]; International Monetary Conference, 1878; Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.

History of the precious metals; the single or the double standard; the silver question in the United States.

Par. 2.—Banks and Banking.

Literature: Bagehot, Lombard Street [1873]; Richardson, The National Banks [1880]; Reports of Comptroller of the Currency, (especially 1876); White, Future of Banking in the U. S., Polit. Sci. Quar. I  [1886], 517.

History of early banking, the Bank of England , Bank of France , Bank of Germany , history of banking in the U. S. , the first bank of the U. S. ; state banks , the second Bank of the U. S.; the Suffolk and New York banking systems; the National Banking system; business of a bank. Foreign exchange; clearing houses.

Par. 3.—Paper Money.

Literature: Sumner, History of American Currency [1874]; Knox, United States Treasury Notes [1884 1st ed, 1892 3ed revised]; Spaulding, History of the Legal Tenders [1869]; Bancroft, Plea for the Constitution [1886]; Neill, The Legal Tender Decisions, Polit. Sci. Quar. I  [1886], 250.

History of paper money in the U. S.; the colonial period; continental paper money; United States Treasury notes; legal tender notes; the legal tender decisions; value of paper money; the greenback party.

 

Chapter IV.—Theory and Practice in Exchange.

Par. 1.—Credit, value and prices.

Literature: Clark, Philosophy of Wealth [2nd ed, 1887]; Marshall, Economics of Industry [2nd ed. 1881].

Forms of credit; history of credit; effect of credit on prices; theory of value; history and statistics of prices; index numbers; commercial institutions.

Par. 2.—Commercial Crises.

Literature: White, Commercial Crises, in Cyclopaedia of Political Science [1890, pp. 523-530]; Juglar, Des Crises Commerciales [1862]; Wells, Recent Economic Changes [1889]; Giffen, Essays in Finance, first series [1890, 5th ed].

History of commercial crises; characteristics of commercial crises; causes of crises; the low prices since 1873; question of the appreciation of gold; remedies for commercial crises.

Par. 3.—Competition and Monopoly.

Literature: Clark, Limits of Competition, and Giddings, Persistence of Competition, in Polit. Sci. Quar. II [1888], 45; Gunton, Economic Aspects of Trusts, and Dwight, Legality of Trusts, Polit. Sci. Quar. III [1888], 385 and 592; Andrews, Trusts, Quar. Jour. of Economics, III [1889], 11.

Theory of competition; failure of competition; history of the Standard Oil Company; the legality of trusts; their economic influence; the function of the state in exchange.

 

Book IV.—Systemic Political Economy : Distribution 

Chapter I.—The Laboring Class.

Par. 1.—The history of labor.

Literature: Levasseur, Histoire des classes ouvrières en France [Vol. 1 (1867); Vol. 2 (1859)]; Rogers, Six Centuries of Work and Wages [1884]; Held, Zwei Bücher zur socialen Geschichte Englands [1881]; Seligman, Two Chapters on Mediaeval Guilds in England [1887].

History of agricultural labor in England; the statue of laborers; abolition of the monasteries; sheep farming; base money; fixing of wages; law of settlement; enclosures; condition of the laborer during the 18th century. History of the artisans; mediaeval guilds; apprenticeship laws; house industry; the factory system; successive steps in the change; consequences of the evolution; summary.

Par. 2.—Present condition of the laboring class.

Literature: Giffen, Progress of the Laboring Classes [1884]; Booth, East London [1889]; Atkinson, What makes the Rate of Wages [1885]; Smith (R. M.), American Labor Statistics, Polit. Sci. Quar. I [1886], 65; Wage Statistics, Quar. Jour. of Economics, II [1888], 385. Reports of Massachusetts Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1884, ’85, ‘86.

The absolute economic condition of the laboring classes; the question of wages; the cost of living; the expenditures of the workman. The relative condition of the laboring class. The social progress of the working classes. The law of wages.

Chapter II.—Organization of the Laboring Class (Self-Help)

Par. 1.—Trades Unions and benefit societies.

Literature: Howells, Conflicts of Labor and Capital [1878]; Baernreither, English Associations of Working Men [1889]; McNeill, The Labor Problem [1891]; Wright, The Knights of Labor, Quar. Jour. of Economics, I [1887], 137; Cheyney, Conspiracy and Boycott Cases, Polit. Sci. Quar. IV [1889], 261; Crompton, Industrial Conciliation [1876].

History of trades unions and friendly societies in England; in America; Federation of trades unions; the Knights of Labor; recent strikes ; theory of strikes; difficulties; economic and social results of strikes; boycotting; legality of strikes and boycotting; arbitration and conciliation; history of, in England and the U. S.; state boards of arbitration.

Par. 2.—Co-operation and profit sharing.

Literature: Holyoake, History of Co-operation in England [Vol 1 (1875), Vol 2 (1879)]; Shaw (and others), History of Co-operation in the United States [1888]; Parl. Report on Co-operation in Foreign Countries; Gilman, Profit Sharing [1889].

Co-operative stores; co-operative workshops; credit banks; building societies; difficulties of co-operation; future of; profit sharing; examples of; advantages; should workmen give up trades unions? Should workmen share losses as well as profits?

 

Chapter III.—The State in Relation to Labor (State-Help).

Par. 1.—Poor relief.

Literature: Fowle, The Poor Law [1881]; Aschrott-Thomas, The English Poor Law System [1888]; Farnam, The State and the Poor, Polit. Sci. Quar., II [1888], 282.

History of the poor laws in England; the act of 43. Eliz.; the act of settlement; the Gilbert act; the reform of 1834; true principles of poor relief; effect of poor relief on wages; organized charity.

Par. 2.—Factory laws and employer’s liability.

Literature: Jevons, State in Relation to Labor [1882]; Wright, The Factory System [1884]; Parl. Report on Employer’s Liability; Mass. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Report for 1882.

The abuses of the factory system; history of the factory acts; present provisions in England and the U.S.; employer’s liability; insurance of workmen against accident, sickness and old age.

Par. 3.—Aids to intelligence, thrift, health and well-being.

Literature: Industrial Remuneration Conference [1885]; Craik, The State in Relation to Education [1884]; Parl. Report on Housing of the Working Classes [1885]; Postal Savings Banks (tract issued by State Charities Aid Society); Cunningham, Politics and Economics [1885]; Gunton, Wealth and Progress [3rd ed. 1890].

Common school education; technical schools; savings banks; insurance companies; sanitary laws; housing of the poor; public amusements; other legislation; the eight hour movement.

 

Chapter IV.—The Capitalist Class.

Par. 1.—History of capital and the capitalist.

Literature: Roscher, Polit. Econ. [Vol 1, Vol 2: 1878]; Marx, Capital [Vol 1, 1887 (Note Beatrice Potter copy!); Vol 2, 1887.].

Distinction between capital and the capitalist class; the latter includes the capitalist proper, the entrepreneur and the landlord; origin of the capitalist class; characteristics of the modern capitalistic method of production; influence of the modern capitalistic class; statistics on capital.

Par. 2.—Profit and interest.

Literature: Clark, Profits under Modern Conditions, Polit. Sci. Quar. II [1887], 603. Walker, Polit. Econ. [3rd ed, 1888

Distinction between capital and the capitalist class; the latter includes the capitalist proper, the entrepreneur and the landlord; origin of the capitalist class; characteristics of the modern capitalistic method of production; influence of the modern capitalistic class; statistics on capital.

Par. 3.—The rent of land.

Literature: George, Progress and Poverty [1879]; Walker, The Rent of Land [1883].

Successive phases of the cultivation of land; modern rents; rent and prices; rent and wages; the unearned increment; nationalization of land.

 

Chapter V.—The Conflict Between Capital and Labor.

Par. 1.—Progress and poverty.

Literature: George, Progress and Poverty [1879]; Giffen, Progress of the Working Classes [1884]; Industrial Remuneration Conference [1885].

The separation of classes; relative incomes as shown by statistics; improvement in absolute condition of the working classes; the wealth of the middle classes; accumulation of wealth in the hands of individuals and corporations; conditions ofsocial progress; advantageous position of the working classes at the present time.

Par. 2.—The system of free competition.

Literature: Bastiat, Economic Harmonies [1850]; Atkinson, Progress of the Nation [1889]; Sidgwick, Polit. Economy [1883]; Cairnes, Principles, etc. [1874].

Advantages of free competition; evils of excessive competition; economic Darwinism; origin of laissez faire; change in modern conditions; the mobility of labor; competition in the labor market; social effect of excessive immigration; the functions of the state as admitted in practice.

Par. 3.—The socialistic scheme.

Literature: De Laveleye, The Socialism of To-Day [1886]; Marx, Capital [Vol 1, 1887 (Note Beatrice Potter copy!); Vol 2, 1887.]; Osgood, Scientific Socialism, and  [Scientific ] Anarchism, in Polit. Sci. Quar. I [1886], 560, and IV [1889], p. 1; Gunton, Wealth and Progress [3rd ed, 1890].

History of socialism; the different phases, communism, collectivism, anarchism, etc ; the modern writers, Marx, Lasalle, Rodbertus; the socialistic parties; the demands of socialism; the socialistic influence.

 

Book V.—Science of Finance

PRELIMINARY REMARKS; THE SCIENCE OF FINANCE AND ITS RELATION TO POLITICAL ECONOMY. LITERATURE OF FINANCE.

Literature: Leroy-Beaulieu, Science des finances [Vol 1, 5th ed, 1892; Vol 2, 5th ed., 1891]; Cohn, Finanzwissenschaft [The Science of Finance, 1895 translation by Veblen]; Wagner, Finanzwissenschaft; Roscher, Finanzwissenschaft [sic, System der Finanzwissenschaft, ein Hand- und Lesebuch für Geschäftsmänner und Studierende, 2nd ed., 1886]; Cossa, Science of Finance [sic, Taxation: Its Principles and Methods, 1888]; Wilson, The National Budget [1882].

 

Chapter I.—Financial Needs of the State or State Expenditure.

Literature: as above; Mill, Polit. Econ. Book V., c. I and II. Finance Reports of U.S.; Statesman’s Year Book [e.g. 1885 edition].

Par. 1.—Historical.

The gradual growth of the financial needs of the state from primitive times through the feudal period and the absolute monarchy up to the modern constitutional state.

Par. 2.—Descriptive.

Ordinary expenditures (administrative, economic and educational); extraordinary.

Par. 3.—Critical.

The law of extension of state duties; the prevalence of the preventive over repressive principle; maxims of usefulness, of public service, etc.

 

Chapter II.—Financial Resources of the State or State Revenue.

Par. 1.—Historical.

Literature: Literature: as above; Dowell, History of Taxation and Taxes in England [Vol 1, 1884; Vol 2, 1888; Vol 3, 1888 2nd ed; Vol 4, 1884]; Bolles, Financial History of the United States [Vol 1, 1884; Vol 2, 1885, 2nd ed; Vol 3, 1886].

Three sources of revenue; (1) public property; (2) fees and charges for particular services; (3) taxation. Successive stages of development (primitive times, feudal system, absolute monarchy, modern constitutional state).

Par. 2.—Descriptive.

Revenue of the modern state. From public property (lands, forests, etc.). From fees and charges (coinage, tolls, harbor dues, registration fees, judicial costs, postage, etc.).

Par. 3.—Taxation.

Literature: as above; Reports of the N.Y. Tax Commission [Earliest found online 1896]; Report of the Massachusetts Tax Commission [1875?]; Ely, Taxation in American States and Cities; Seligman, The Property Tax, Polit. Sci. Quar. V [1890], p. 24; Seligman, The Corporation Tax, Polit. Sci. Quar., June and Sept. 1890 [and Dec. 1890]; Cohn, Income and Property Taxes, Polit Sci. Quar. IV [1889], 37; Seligman, Finance Statistics of the American Commonwealths [1889]; Cobden Club Essays on Local Taxation [1875].

The right to levy taxes; principles of taxation; administrative rules; systems of taxation; classification of taxes; (a) direct taxes: capitation tax; land tax; house tax; tax on rent; the general property tax; the personal property tax; income tax; tax on corporations; tax on trades, occupations and professions; the death duties; stamp duties; the assessed taxes. (b) Indirect taxes; custom duties; tariff for revenue vs. tariff for protection; administrative and economic rules; incidence of custom duties. Excise taxes; various methods of collecting.

Par. 4.—Economic and social effects of taxation.

The question of direct or indirect taxation; the diffusion of taxes; the single tax, socialistic taxation.

 

Chapter III.—Public Debt.

Literature: Adams, Public Debt [1890]; Baxter, National Debt [1871, 2nd ed); U.S. Census, Public Debt [1892].

Par. 1.—History of public debts.

Par. 2—Descriptive.

Extraordinary revenue; reserve funds; exchequer bills; public loans; paper money; annuities (perpetual, life and terminable); government bonds repayable at fixed date or dates; placing a loan; high or low rates of interest; funded and floating debt; burden of debt; refunding the debt; redeeming the debt; repudiation; taxing public bonds.

Par. 3—Critical.

Taxation vs. loans; evil effects of paper money; right to burden future generations; a permanent public debt; economic, political and social effects of public loans; policy of different nations.

Image Source: Colorized portrait of Richmond Mayo-Smith by   Economics in the Rear-view Mirror. Original monochrome image from Memoirs of the National Academy of the Sciences, Volume XVIII, Second Memoir.

 

 

Categories
Chicago Columbia Cornell Courses Economists Harvard Johns Hopkins Michigan Pennsylvania Yale

Graduate Economics Courses. 23 US Universities. 1898-99

In this posting we have a compilation of virtually all the graduate courses in economics (and sociology) offered at the major graduate schools in the U.S. at the end of the 19th century. Source 

Barnard
Brown
BrynMawr
California
Chicago
Columbia
Cornell
Harvard
Hopkins
Stanford
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
NYU
Northwestern
Pennsylvania
Princeton
Radcliffe
Vanderbilt
Wellesley
WesternReserve
Wisconsin
Yale

____________________

EXPLANATORY

“ To state the numbers of Graduate Students who have taken courses in each department during 1897-8, thus giving an indication of the amount of graduate work actually going on. A Graduate Student often takes courses in two or more departments; such student counts once in each of those departments….

…The number of hours per week is put in small Roman, the number of weeks in Arabic numerals. A dash, followed by a mark of interrogation, calls attention to the absence of specific information. Unless months are given, a course usually extends from September or October to May or June (inclusive). The abbreviations for the names of the months are as follows: Ja., F., Mar., Ap., My., Jun., Jul., Au., S., O., N., D.

…[Enclosed] in brackets all courses not to be given in 1898-9. Bracketed courses usually may be expected in 1899-1900.

…[Marked] with the asterisk all courses “not designed primarily for Graduate Students.” It should be borne in mind that “Graduate work” in each institution is conditioned by local plans of administration, as well as by the previous preparation of Graduate Students. The marking of a course with an asterisk simply means that (under the conditions prevailing in his institution) the instructor does not offer the course with a primary purpose of meeting the needs of Graduate Students. But the inclusion of the course in these lists indicates that it is often useful to such students.” [p. liii]

 

 

 

  1. ECONOMICS, SOCIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, AND ETHNOLOGY. 

(Including Finance and Statistics. See also 9 and 11.)

 

BARNARD.
16 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

[All Graduate Courses in Columbia under 10 open to Barnard Graduate Students.]

 

BROWN.
8 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

 

Henry B. Gardner, Assoc. Prof. of Pol. Econ.
A.B., Brown, ’84, and A.M., ’87; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, ’90;
Instr. in Pol. Econ., Brown, ’88-’90.

Hist. of Economic Thought.* iii, 12, S.-D.
Economic Policy. iii, 12, S.-D.
Money and Banking.* iii, 11, Ja.-Mar.
Public Finance.* iii, 10, Ap.-Jun.
Practical Economic Questions.* iii, 12, S.-D.
Economic Theory (adv.) iii, 11, Ja.-Mar.

 

George G. Wilson, Prof. of Social and Pol. Science.
A.B., Brown, ’86, A.M., and Ph.D., ’89;
Assoc. Prof. of Social and Pol. Science, ’91-5.

Princ. of Sociol.* iii, 12, S.-D.
Social Conditions and Probs.* iii, 21, Ja.-Jun.
Current Social Theory and Practice. i, 33.
Sociology. Seminary. Fort.

 

James Q. Dealey, Asst. Prof. of Social and Pol. Science.
A.B. Brown, ’90, A.M., ’92, and Ph.D., ’95.

Devel. of Social Theory. iii, 12, S.-D.
Social Philos. iii, 11, Ja.-Mar.
[Segregation of Population. iii, 10, Ap.-Jun.]

 

Alpheus S. Packard, Prof. of Zool. and Geol.
Ph.D., Bowdoin;
Libr. and Custodian, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ’65; Lect., Mass. Agricult. Col. ’69-’77; Maine Agricult. Col., ’71; Bowdoin, ‘73-6.

Anthropology.* iii, 10, Ap.-Jun.

 

 

BRYN MAWR.

3 Graduate Students, 1897-8.
1 Fel. $525 in Hist. of Political Science.

 

Lindley M. Keasbey, Assoc. Prof. of Pol. Sci.
A.B., Harv., ’88; Ph.D., Columbia, ’90;
Asst. in Econ., Columbia, and Lect. on Pol. Sci., Barnard, ’92; R.P.D., Strassburg, ’92; Prof. of Hist., Econ., and Pol. Sci., State Univ. of Col., ’92-4.

Economic Institutions. i, 30.
Am. Primitive Society. i, 30.
Am. Commerce. i, 30.
Descriptive Sociology.* iii, 30.
Theoretical Sociology.* ii, 30.

 

 

CALIFORNIA.

1 Graduate Student, 1897-8.

 

Bernard Moses, Prof. of Hist. and Pol. Econ.
Ph.D., Heidelberg.

Economic Theory.* iv, 16, Ja.-My.
[Econ. Condition of Laborers in Eng. ii, 16, Au.-D.]

 

Carl C. Plehn, Assoc. Prof. of Hist. and Pol. Science.
A.B., Brown; Ph.D., Gottingen.

[Federal Expenditures, Revenues and Debts. ii, 32.]
Industrial and Commercial Hist. of U. S. ii, 32.
[Currency and Banking. ii, 32.]
Finance and Taxation.* iv. 16, Ja.-My.
Statistics. Hist., Theory, and Method, as applied to Econ. Investigation.* ii, 16, Au.-D
Local Govt. and Admin. —?

 

CHICAGO.

 40 Graduate Students, 1897-8; and 40 in Summer Quarter, ‘97, in Political Economy;55 Graduate Students, 1897-8; and 95 in Summer Quarter, ’97, in Sociology. Pol. Econ., Club and Social Science Club fortnightly. Dept. libs. of Pol. Econ., Sociol. and Anthropol. have leading magazines and 6,000 vols. In Anthropol. Dept. of Walker Museum, coll. of 3,000 pieces on Archaeol. of Mexico,valuable colls. on Cliff and Cave Dwellings, and Japan and Aleutian Islands; also complete anthropometrical apparatus. Access to the Fieid Columbian Museum. 6 Fels. in Pol. Econ. 4 in Sociol. 1 Fel. in Anthropol.

 

J. Laurence Laughlin, Head Prof. of Pol. Econ.
A.B., Harv., ’73; A.M., and Ph.D., ’76;
Instr. in Pol. Econ., same, ’83-8; Prof. Pol. Econ. and Finance, Cornell, ’90-2.

Money and Banking. iv, 12, Jul.-S.
Seminar. ii, 12, O.-D.
Money. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.
Seminar. ii, 12, Ja.-Mar.
Unsettled Problems. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.
Seminar. ii, 12, Ap.-Jun.

 

Bernard Moses, Prof. of History and Political Economy, Univ. of Cal.
Ph.B., Univ. of Mich., ’70; Ph.D., Heidelberg, ‘73;
Prof. of History and Engl. Lit., Albion Col. ’75; Prof. of Hist. Univ. Cal. ’75-6; Prof. Hist. and Pol. Econ. Univ. Cal. ’76.

Practical Economics.* iv, 12, Jul.-S., and O.-D.
Advanced Course on Theory. iv, 12, Jul.-S., and O.-D.

 

Adolph C. Miller, Prof. of Finance.
A.B., California, ‘87 A.M., Harv., ‘88;
Instr., in Pol. Econ., Harv., ’89-’00; Lect. on Pol. Econ., California, ’90-1, and Asst. Prof.-elect of Hist. and Pol. Sci., same, ’91; Assoc. Prof. Pol. Econ. and Finance, Cornell, ’91-2; Assoc. Prof. Pol. Econ., Chicago, ’92-3.

[Public Finance. iv, 12, O.-D.]
[Economic and Social Hist. iv, 24, Ja.-Jun.]
Public Finance.* iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.
Financial Hist.* U. S. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.
[Pol. Econ (adv).* iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.]
[Taxation. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.]
Seminar in Finance. ii, 12, Ja.-Mar.

 

William Hill, Asst. Prof. of Pol. Econ.
A.B., Kansas, ’90; A.B., Harv., ’91, and A.M., ’92;
Fellow, Harv., ‘91-3; Instr. Pol. Econ., same, ’93; Tutor Pol. Econ., Chicago, ’93-4; Instr., same, ’94-7.

Tariff Hist.* iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.
Railway Transportation.* iv, 12, O.-D.
Oral Debates.* ii, 24, O.-Mar. (With Messrs. Damon and Lovett.)
Comparative Railway Legislation.* iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.
Banking.* iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.
Money and Banking. iv, 12, O.-D.

 

Thorstein B. Veblen, Instr. in Pol. Econ.
A.B., Carleton, ‘80; Ph.D., Yale, ‘84;
Fellow in Economics and Finance, Cornell, ’91-2; Fellow, Chicago, ’92-3; Reader in Pol. Econ., same, ’93-4; Tutor, same, ’94-6.

Hist. of Pol. Econ.* iv, 12, O.-D.
Scope and Method of Pol. Econ.* iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.
Socialism. iv, 24, Ja.-Jun.
American Agriculture. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.
Economic Factors of Civilization. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.

 

Henry Rand Hatfield, Instr. in Pol. Econ.
A.B., Northwestern, ’92; Ph.D., Chicago, ’97;
Prof. of Pol. Econ. Washington Univ., ’95-7.

Railway Accounts, Exchanges, etc.* iv, 12, O.-D.
Processes of Leading Industries. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.
Coöperation.* iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.

 

A.W. Small, Head Prof. of Sociol.
A.B., Colby, ’76, and A.M.’79; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, ’89;
Prof. Hist. and Pol. Econ., Colby, ’81-8; Reader in Hist., Johns Hopkins, ’88-9; Pres., Colby, ’89-’92.

Social Teleology. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.
Sociol. Methodology. viii, 6, Jul.-Au., and iv, 12, O.-D.
[Philos. of Soc. iv. 12, O.-D. State and Govt., Ja.-Mar. Socialism, Ap.-Jun. Social Functions U.S. Govt. iv, 6, Jul.-Au. Contemp. Soc, Jul.-Au.]
[Sem. Probs. in Social Teleology. ii, 36, O.-Jun.]
Social Dynamics. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.
[Historical Sociology. iv, 12, Ja.- Mar.]
[Outlines of Constructive Social Philos. Philos. of Society. iv, 12, O.-D. The Social Problem. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar. Philos. of State and Govt. iv, 12, Ap.-S.]
[Seminar. Problems of Social Dynamics. ii, 36, O.-Jun.]
Seminar. Problems in Methodology and Classification. ii, 36, O.-Jun.
[Am. Experience with State Control of Social Action. iv, Ja.-Mar.]
Controlling Ideas of Modern Society. iv, 12. Ap.-Jun., and iv, 6, Jul.-Au.
[Some Pending Problems in Sociology. iv, 6, Jul.-Au.]
[The Sociological Method of Stating the Social Problem and of Arranging Evidence, Applied to a Selected Hist. Period. iv, 6, Jul.-Au.]
[Comparative Study of Social Forces in Am. and French Democracy. iv, 6, O.-D.]

 

C. R. Henderson, Assoc. Prof. of Sociol.
A.B., Old Univ. of Chicago, ’70, and A.M., ‘73; D.B. Baptist Union Theol. Sem., ’73; D.D., same, ’83;
Assist. Prof. Sociol., Chicago, ’92-4.

Methods of Social Amelioration. Sem. ii, 36, O.-Jun.
[The Domestic Inst. iv, 12, O.-D.]
Associations for Sociability and Culture. iv, 12, O.-D.
[Social Reform. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.]
[Beneficent Forces of Cities. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.]
Social Inst. of Organized Christianity. iv, 12, O.-D.
Social Treatment of Crime. iv, 6, Au.-S.
[Bibl. and Eccles. Social Theories. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.]
[Field Work in Local Institutions of Charity and Correction. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.]
The Family.* iv, 12, O.-D.
The Labor Movement.* iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.
Amelioration of Rural Life. iv, 6, Jul.-Au.
Modern Cities. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.
Contemporary Charities. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.
Philanthropy. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.

 

Marion Talbot, Assoc. Prof. of Sanitary Science.
A.B., Boston Univ.’80, and A.M., ’82; B.S., Mass. Inst. of Technology, ’88;
Instr. Domestic Science, Wellesley, ’90-2.

General Hygiene.* iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.
Seminar. Sanitary Science.* iv, 36, O.-Jun.
House Sanitation.* iv, 12, O.-D.
Economy of Living. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.
Sanitary Aspects of Water, Food, and Clothing. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.

 

Charles Zueblin, Assoc. Prof. of Sociol.
Ph.B., Northwestern, ’87; D.B., Yale, ’89.

Social Philos. of Eng. People in the Victorian Era. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun. and Jul.-S.
Structure of Eng. Society.* iv, 12, Ap.-Jun. and Jul.-S.

 

G. E. Vincent, Asst. Prof. of Sociology.
A.B., Yale, ’85; Ph.D., Chicago, ’96;
Vice-Principal, Chautauqua System, ‘88-pr; Fellow in Sociology, Chicago, ’92-4.

Course in Statistics.
[Province of Sociol. iv, 12, O.-D.]
[Social Structure. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.]
The Social Mind and Education. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.
Contemporary Society in the U. S.* iv, 12, O.-D.
Am. City Life.* iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.
Introd. to Study of Society.* iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.
Introd. to Sociology,* iv, 12, O.-D.
The Theory of the Social Mind. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.

 

W. I. Thomas, Asst. Prof. of Sociol.

A.B., Univ. of Tenn., ’84; A.M., ’85; Ph.D., Chicago, ’96;
Prof. of English, Oberlin, ’89—’93; Fellow in Sociol., Chicago, ’93-4; Instr. in Folk-psychology, Chicago, ’95-6.

Folk-psychol. iv, 12, O.-D., and Ap.-Jun.
[Primitive Social Control. iv, 12, O.-D. Seminar.]
[Art and Amusement in Folk-psychol. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar. Sex. Ap.-Jun.]
[Analogy and Suggestion in Folk-psychol. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar. The Child. Ap.-Jun.]
[Intro. to Study of Soc.* iv, 12, Jul.-S.]
Ethnological Æsthetic. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.
The Primitive Social Mind. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.
Sex in Folk-psychology. iv, 12, Ja.-Mar.
[Hungarian and South Slavonian Ethnology and Folk-psychol. iv, 12, O.-D.]
Primitive Social Control. iv, 12, O.-D.

 

Lester F. Ward, Professorial Lecturer in Sociol., Smithsonian Institution.
A.B., Columbia, ‘69; LL.B., same, ‘71; A.M., ’73; LL.D., ’97.

Dynamic Sociology. iv, 4, Au.-S.
Social Mechanics. vi, 4, Au.-S.

 

Henry W. Thurston, Instr. in Econ. and Civics, Hyde Park High School.
A.B., Dartmouth, ’86.

A Method of Applying Sociological Pedagogy to the Teaching of Economics in Secondary Schools. iv, 6, Jul.-Au.

 

Frederick Starr, Assoc. Prof. of Anthropology.
S.B., Lafayette, ‘82; S.M. and Ph.D., ’85;
Prof. Biological Sciences, Coe Col., ‘84-8; in charge Dept. Ethnology, Am. Mus. of Natural Hist., ‘89-’91.

Lab. Work in Anthropology. iv, 36, O.-Jun.
Physical Anthropol. Lab. iv, 36, O.-Jun.
[Physical Anthropol. iv, 12, O.-D.]
Mexico Archaeology, Ethnology. iv, 12, Jul.-S.
General Anthropol.* iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.
Ethnology American Race. iv, 12, Jul.-S.
Prehistoric Archaeology. American. iv, 12, O.-D.
[Field Work in Anthropol. Mexico. Jul.-S.]
Prehistoric Archaeol. European. iv, 12, O.-D.
General Ethnology.* v, 12, Jul.-S.
General Anthropology.* iv, 6, Jul.-Au.
Ethnology American Race. iv, 6, O.-N.
Mexico. Archaeology, Ethnology. iv, 6, Au.-S.
[Comparative Technology. iv, 36, O.-Jun.]

 

Merton Leland Miller, Lecturer in Anthropology.

A.B., Colby Univ., ’90; Ph.D., Chicago. ’97.
Instr. Eureka Acad., ’92; Grad. Stud. at Chicago, ’92-7; Asst. In Anthropol. Mus., ‘94-7;

The Peoples of Europe. iv, 6. O.-N.
Physical Anthropology. Laboratory Work. iv, 36, O.-Jun.

 

J. H. Breasted, Asst. Prof. of Egyptology and Semitic Langs.; Asst. Dir. of Haskell Museum.
A.B., Northwestern, ’88;A.M., Yale, ‘92; A.M. and Ph.D., Berlin, ’94;
non-res. Fellow, Chicago, ’92-4; Asst. in Egyptology.

Chicago-Egyptian Life and Antiquities. iv, 12, Ap.-Jun.

 

C. H. Hastings.
A.B., Bowdoin, ’91.

Bibliography of Sociology. iv, 6, Au.-S.

 

 

COLUMBIA.

63 Graduate Students, 1897-8.
[All graduate courses under 10 open to Barnard Graduate Students.]

 

Richmond Mayo-Smith, Prof. of Pol. Econ. and Social Science.
Ph.D. (hon.), Amherst.

Pol. Econ. (el).* iii, 14, F.-Jun. (With Mr. Day.)
Pract. Pol. Econ:
(a) Problems of Mod. Industry. iii, 16, O.-F.
(b) Problems of Exchange. iii, 14, F.-Jun.
(c) Problems of Distribution. iii, 14, F.-Jun
(d) Readings in Marshall’s “Prin. of Econ.” i, 30.
Statistics and Sociology. ii, 16, O.-F.
Statistics and Economics. ii, 14, F.- Jun.
Theory, Technique, and Hist. of Statis. Sci. ii, 14, F.-Jun.
Seminar. Statistics. i, 30.
Seminar. Pract. Econ. i, 30.

 

Edwin R. A. Seligman, Prof. of Pol. Econ. and Finance.
LL.B., Ph.D., Columbia, ’84.

Econ. Hist. of Europe and America. ii, 16, O.-F. (With Mr. Day.)
Sci. of Finance. ii, 30.
Fiscal and Indus. Hist. of U. S. ii, 16, O.-F.
Hist. of Economics. ii, 30.
Railroad Problems. ii, 14, F.-Jun.
[Hist. of Pol. Econ. ii, 30.]
Seminar. Pol. Econ. and Finance. i, 30.

 

John B. Clark, Prof. of Pol. Econ.
Ph.D., Amherst, ’75;
Prof. Hist. and Pol. Econ., Carleton, ’77-’82; Prof. of same, Smith, ’82-’93; Lect. Johns Hopkins, ‘92-5; Prof. Pol. Econ., Amherst, ’92-5.

Econ. Theory. Statics. ii, 16, O.-F.
Dynamics. ii, 14, F.-Jun.
Communistic and Socialistic Theories. ii, 16, O.-F.
Theories of Social Reform. ii, 14. F.-Jun.
Seminar. Pol. Econ. i, 30.

 

Franklin H. Giddings, Prof. of Sociology.
A.M., Union.

General Sociology. ii, 16, O.-F.
Progress and Democracy. ii, 14, F.-Jun.
Pauperism, Poor Laws, and Charities. ii, 16, O.-F.
Crime and Penology ii, 14, F.-Jun.
Seminar. Sociology. i, 30.

 

William Z. Ripley, Lect. on Anthropology.
B.S., Mass. Inst. of Tech , ’90; A.M., Columbia, ’92; Ph.D., Columbia, ’93;
Assoc. Prof. Pol. Econ. and Sociol., Mass. Inst. of Tech., 94-7; Lect., Hartford School of Sociology, ’95-6.

Physical Geog. Anthropol. and Ethnology. ii, 16, O.-F.

 

Livingston Farrand, Instr. in Physiolog. Psychol.
A.M., Princeton, ’91; M.D., Columbia, ’91.

General Anthropology. ii, 14, F.-Jun.
Anthropology. Primitive Culture. ii, 30.

 

Franz Boaz, Inst. in Anthropol.
Ph.D., Kiehl, ’81.

Phys. Anthropol. ii, 30.
Applica. of Statistical Methods to Biolog. Problems (adv). iii, 30.
North Am. Langs. Seminar. ii, 30.

 

George J. Bayles.
Ph.D., Columbia, ’95.

Civil Aspects of Ecclesiastical Organizations. i, 30.

 

 

CORNELL.
14 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

 

J. W. Jenks, Prof. of Pol. Econ. and Civil and Social Instit.
A.B., Michigan, ’78, and A.M., ’79; Ph.D., Halle, ’85;
Prof. Pol. Econ., Knox, and Indiana State Univ.; Prof. of Polit., Municipal, and Social Institutions, ’91-2.

Economic Legislation.* ii, 32.
Economics and Politics.*

 

Charles H. Hull, Asst. Prof. of Pol. Econ.
Ph.B.. Cornell, ’86; Ph.B., Halle, ’92;
Instr. in Pol. and Sociol. Institutions, Cornell. ’92-3.

Money, Credit, and Banking*. iii, 32.
Railroad Transportation.* iii, 9, Ap.- Jun.
Finance, Taxation, Admin.* Public Debts. ii, 32.
Recent Econ. Theory. Am., Eng., Continental.* ii, 32.
Earlier Econ. Theory (Prior to J. S. Mill).* ii, 32.
Economic and Commercial Geography. ii, 23, O.-Mar.
Seminary. ii. 32.

 

Chas. J. Bullock, Instr. in Economics.
A.B., Boston, ’89; Ph.D., Wisconsin, ’95.

Industrial Hist., Eng. and Am.* ii, 32.
Internat. Trade and Tariff Hist. U. S.* ii, 32.
Labor Question.* ii, 12, S.-D.
Hist. Trades Unions.* ii, ll, Ja.-Mar.
Socialism.* ii, 9, Ap.-Jun.

 

Walter F. Willcox, Prof. of Social Science and Statistics.
A.B., Amherst; Ph.D., Columbia;
Instr. in Philos., Cornell, ’91-2; Asst. Prof. Social Science and Pol. Econ., ’92-4.

Social Science (el).* ii, 32.
Social Statistics.* ii, 32.
[Theoretical Social Science (adv).* ii, 32.]
Practical Social Science (adv).* ii, 32.
[Anthropology.* ii, 32.]
Philos. and Pol. Econ.* ii, 32.
Seminary. ii, 32.

 

Wm. E. Baldwin, Pres. Long Island R. R.
A.B., Harvard, ’85.

Pract. Railroad Management. Lects. i-ii, Ja.-Mar.

 

Charlton T. Lewis, Counsel Mutual Life Ins. Co.

Principles of Insurance. Lects. i, 15,
—?

B. F. Fernow, Director of Col. of Forestry.
Grad. State Col. of Forestry, Münden, Prussia;
Chief of Dir. of Forestry, U. S. Dept. of Agric, ’86-’92, LL.D., Wisconsin.

Forestry: Econ and Pol. Aspects. ii, 21, Ja.-Jun.

 

 

HARVARD.
21 Graduate Students, 1897-8.
(Courses marked [R] are open to Radcliffe Graduate Students.)

Fel. in Pol. Econ., $450; in Soc. Sci., $500; in Archaeol. and Ethnol., $500 and $1,050, and Schol. of $200. Prize of $150 for Essay in Pol. Sci., two of $100 each for essays on social questions. Peabody Mus., Am. Archaeol., and Ethnol., with Lib., is intended for research.

 

Charles F. Dunbar, Prof. of Pol. Econ.
A.B., Harv., ’51; LL.D., same, ’91.

Financial Legislation of U. S.* ii, 15, F.-Jun.
[Financial Admin. and Pub. Debts. iii, 15, F.-Jun.]
Money and Banking. v, 15, O.-Ja.
Seminary. Economics. i, 30. (With Prof. Taussig and Asst. Prof. Cummings.)

 

Frank W. Taussig, Prof. of Pol. Econ.
A.B., Harv., ’79; Ph.D., ’83, and LL.B., ’86.

Econ. Theory in the 19th Cent.* iii, 30. (With Prof. MacVane.)
[Theory and Methods of Taxation. Special ref. to U. S. Local Taxation.* ii-iii, 15, O.-Ja.]
Scope and Method of Economic Theory and Investigation.* ii-iii, 30.

 

William J. Ashley, Prof. of Econ. Hist.
A.B., Oxford, ’81, and A.M., ’85; Fel., Lincoln Col., and Lect. on Hist., Lincoln and Corpus Christi Col., Oxford, ’85-8; Prof. Pol. Econ. and Const. Hist., Toronto, ’88-, ‘92.

[Mediaeval Economic Hist. of Europe.* ii-iii, 30.]
[Hist. and Lit. of Economics to close of 18th Cent.* ii-iii, 30.]

 

Edward Cummings, Asst. Prof. of Sociology.
A.B., Harv., ’83; A.M., same, ’85.

Princ. of Sociology. Devel. of Modern State.* ii-iii, 30.
Socialism and Communism.* ii-iii, 30.
Labor Question in Europe and U. S.* iii, 30. (With Dr. John Cummings.)

 

John Cummings, Instr. in Pol. Econ.
A.B., Harv., 91; Ph.D., Chicago, ’94.

Theory and Methods of Statistics*. iii, 30.

 

H. R. Meyer, Instr. in Pol. Econ.
A.B., Harv. ’92; A.M., ’94.

Public Works, Railways, etc., under Corporate and Pub. Management.* iii, 15, F.-Jun.

 

G. S. Callender, Instr. in Pol. Econ.
A.B., Oberlin Col., ’91; A.B., Harv., ’93; A.M., ’94; Ph.D., ’97.

Economic Hist. of the U. S.*
Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th Cents.* ii-iii, 15, F.-Jun.
Western Civilization in its Economic Aspects.* ii-iii, 15, F.-Jun.

 

Francis G. Peabody, Prof. of Christian Morals.
A.B., Harv., ’69; A.M. and S.T.B., ’72; S.T.D., Yale, ‘87.

[Ethics of Social Questions.* iii, 30. (With Dr. Rand.)]
[Sociolog. Sem. Christian Doct. of the Social Order. ii, 30.]

 

Frederick W. Putnam, Prof, of Archaeology and Ethnology, and Curator of Peabody Museum.
A.M. (hon,), Williams, ’68; S.D.(hon.), Univ. of Pa., ’94;
Curator Dept. Anthropol., Am. Mus., Central Park, N. Y.

Primitive Religion. iii, 30. (With Mr. Dixon.)

[R] Am. Archaeol. and Ethnol. Research.

 

F. Russell, Asst. in Anthropology.
S.B., Univ., of Iowa, ’92, and S.M., ’95; Asst., same, ’94-5.

Gen. Anthropology, Archaeology, Ethnology.* iii, 30. (With an Asst.)
[R] Somatology. iii, 15, F.-Jun.
[R] Somatology (adv). Research—?

 

 

JOHNS HOPKINS.
9 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

 

Sidney Sherwood, Assoc. Prof. of Pol. Econ.
Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, ’91.

Legal Aspects of Economics. ii, 15, O.-F.
Corporations and Economics. ii, 15, F.-My.
Econ. Conference. ii, 30.
Economic Theory. ii. 30.
Economics (adv).* ii, 15, O.-F.

 

Jacob H. Hollander, Assoc. in Economics.
Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, ’94.

Development of Economic Theories. ii, 15, O.-F.
Financial Hist. of U. S. ii, 15, F.-My.
Economics (adv)*. ii, 15, F.-My.
Current Congressional Happenings.* i, 30.

 

 

LELAND STANFORD, JR.
2 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

Hopkins Railway Library, about 10,000 vols.; Transportation, Railway History, Economics, and Law.

 

Amos G. Warner, Prof, of Applied Economics.
B.L., Nebraska, ’85; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, ’88;
Prof,of Pol. Econ., Nebraska, ’87-’91.

[Corporate Industry.* iii, 15, S.-D.]
[Personal Economics.* ii, 15, S.-D.]
Seminary. (With Ross and Durand.) ii, 32.

 

Edward A. Ross, Prof. of Sociology.
A.B., Coe Col., ’86; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, ’91;
Prof. of Econ. and Social Science, Indiana, ’91-2; Assoc. Prof. of Pol. Econ, and Finance, Cornell, ’92-3.

[Economic Theory (adv). ii, 15, S.- D.]
[Sociology.* iii, 32.]

 

Mary R. Smith, Asst. Prof. of Social Sci.
Ph.B., Cornell, ’80, and M.S., ’82; Ph.D., Stanford, ‘96;
Instr. in Hist. and Econ., Wellesley, ’86- ’90.

[Statistics and Sociology.* iii, 17, Ja.-My.]

 

Edward D. Durand, Asst. Prof. of Finance and Administration.
A.B., Oberlin, ’93; Ph.D., Cornell, ’96;
Legislative Librarian, N. Y. State Library, ’96-7; Student, Berlin, ’97.

Practical Economic Questions.* iii, 17, Ja.-My.

 

 

MICHIGAN.
10 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

 

Henry C. Adams, Prof, of Pol. Econ. and Finance.
A.B., Iowa Col., ’74; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, ’78;
Lect., Johns Hopkins, and Cornell; Statistician to Interstate Commerce Commission: Special Expert Agent on Transportation, 11th Cens.; Director of Economics, School of Applied Ethics.

[Devel. and Significance of Eng. Pol. Econ. iii, 6, O.-N.]
Devel. and Significance of Hist. School of Econ. iii, 6, O.-N.
[Devel. and Significance of Austrian School of Econ. iii, 6, O.-N.]
Relations of the State to Industrial Action. iii, 6, F.-Mar.
[Labor Organizations and Corporations as Factors in Industrial Organization. iii, 6, F.-Mar.]
History of Industrial Society.* ii, 17, O.-F.
Transportation Problems. iii, 17, F.- Jun.
Sem. Economics. ii, 17, O.-F.

 

F. M. Taylor, Junior Prof. of Pol. Econ. and Finance.
A.B., Northwestern, ’76, and A.M., ‘79; Ph.D., Mich., ’88;
Prof. of Hist. and Politics, Albion, ’79-’92.

Hist. and Theory of Money and Banking.* ii, 17. O.-F.
Hist. of Pol. Econ. ii, 17, F.-Jun.
Principles of Finance.* ii, 17, F.-Jun.
Sem. Economics. ii, 17, F.-Jun.
Socialism.* ii, 17; F.-Jun.
[The Value of Money, Theory, and Statistics. iii, 6, O.-N.]
[The Standard of Value. iii, 6, N.-D.]
Paper Money. iii, 6, O.-N.
[Social Philos., with spec. ref. to Econ. Probs. iii, 6, F.-Mar.]
[Credit as a factor in Production. iii, 6, Mar.-Ap.]
The Agricult. Problem. iii, 6, Mar.-Ap.

 

C. H. Cooley, Instr. in Sociology.
A.B., Mich., ’87; Ph.D., same, ’94.

Principles of Sociology.* iii, 17, O.-F. Problems, F.-Jun.
Sociology (adv).* ii, 17, F.-Jun.
Histor. Devel. of Sociolog. Thought. iii, 6, Ja.-F.
Nature and Process of Social Change. iii, 6, My.-Jun.
[Aims and Methods in Study of Society. iii, 6, Ja.-F.]
Social Psychology. iii, 6, My.-Jun.
[Current Changes in Social Organization of U. S. iii, 6, My.-Jun.]
[Theory of Population. iii, 6, Ja.-F.]
Theory of Statistics.* i, 34.
Special Studies in Statistics.* ii, 17, F.-Jun.

 

 

MINNESOTA.
26 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

 

William W. Folwell, Prof. of Pol. Science.
A.B.,Hobart, ’57; A.M., ’60; LL.D., ’80;
Prof. Math., Hobart, ’59-’61; Prof. Math. and Engineering, Kenyon Col., ‘69; Pres., Univ. of Minn., ’69-’84.

Pol. Sci. Sem. i, 36.
Individual Research. ii, 36.

 

Frank L. McVey, Instr. in Economics.
A.B., Ohio Wesleyan, ‘93; Ph.D., Yale, ‘95;
Instr. in Hist. Teachers’ College, N. Y., ’96.

Comparative Econ. Doctrine. ii, 36.
Economics.* iv, 13, S.-N.
Modern Industrialism.* iv, 12, Mar.-Jun.

 

Samuel G. Smith, Lecturer on Sociology.
A.B., Cornell Col., ’72; A.M.. and Ph.D., Syracuse, ’84; D.D., Upper Iowa Univ., ’86.

Social Sci.* iii, 12, Mar.-Jun.
Indiv. Research. i, 36.

 

 

MISSOURI.
3 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

 

F. C. Hicks, Prof, of Hist. and of Pol. Econ.
A.B., Univ. of Mich., ’86; Ph.D., same, ’90.

Economic History.* iii, 36.
Problems in Economics.* iii, 36.
Modern Financial Systems.* ii, 36.
Seminar. ii, 36

 

 

NEW YORK.
21 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

 

Frank M. Colby, Prof. of Economics.
A.B., Columbia, ’88, and A.M., ’89.

Practical Economics. ii, 24.
Economic Theory. ii, 24.
Hist. of Indust. Devel. ii, 30.

 

I. F. Russell, Prof. of Sociology, and of Law in N. Y. U. Law School.

A.M., N. Y. U., ‘78; LL.M., Yale, ‘79; D.C.L., Yale, ‘80; LL.D., Dickinson, ‘93;
Prof. Econ., and Const. Law, N. Y. U., ’80-’93.

[Intro. to Sociology. ii, 30.]
Principles of Sociology. ii, 30.

 

 

NORTHWESTERN.
6 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

 

John H. Gray, Prof. of Political and Social Science.
A.B., Harv., ‘87; Ph.D., Halle, ‘92;
Instr. in Econ., Harv., ’87-9.

Administration. ii, 36.
[Finance.* ii, 36.]
Seminary.* ii, 36.

 

William Caldwell, Prof. of Moral and Social Philosophy.
A.M., Pass Degree, Edinburgh, ’84; A.M., and Honors of First Class, same, ’86;
Asst. Prof. of Philos., same, ’88-’90; Instr., Cornell, ’90-1; Instr., Chicago, ’92-4; Fellow, Edinburgh, ’86-’93, and Sc.D., ’93.

Seminary. Ethical Philos.* ii, 36.
Seminary. Sociology.* iii, 36.

 

 

PENNSYLVANIA.
12 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

Colwell Lib. of Pol. Econ., 7,000 vols. Carey Lib., valuable for economic history, including 3,000 Eng. pams. 1 Fel. $500 + tui; 1 Schol. in Hist. and Economics, $100 + tui.

 

Simon N. Patten, Prof. of Pol. Econ.
Ph.D., Halle.

Hist. of Pol. Econ. ii, 15, O.-F.
Recent Devel. of Pol. Econ. ii, 15, F.-My.
Relat. of Eng. Philos. to Econ. in 18th Cent. ii, 15, O.-F.
[Scope and Method of Pol. Econ. ii, 15, F.-My.]
[Pract. Applications of Econ. Theory. ii, 12, O.-F.]
Problems of Sociol. ii, 15, F.-My.
Special Topics. ii, 30.

 

Henry R. Seager, Asst. Prof. of Pol. Econ.
Ph.B., Mich., ‘90; Ph.D.. Univ. of Pa., ’94;
Instr. in Pol. Econ., same, ’94-6.

Econ. Conference. ii, 30.
Adv. Reading in Ger. and Fr. Economics. ii, 30.
Eng. Indust. Hist. and Devel. of Econ. Theory, 1750-1870. ii, 15, F.-My.

 

Emory R. Johnson, Asst. Prof. of Transportation and Commerce.
B.L., Univ. of Wis., ‘88; M.L., same, ’91; Fel. in Econ., Univ. of Pa., ’92-3; Ph.D., same, ‘93;
Lect. on Transporta., same, ’93-4; Instr., same, ’94-6; Instr. in Econ., Haverford, ’93-6.

Theory of Transportation. i, 30.
[Am. Railway Transportation. ii, 30. ]
Transportation Systems of the United Kingdom and Germany. i, 30.
Hist. of Commerce since 1500. 1, 30.

 

Roland P. Falkner, Assoc. Prof. of Statistics.
Ph.B., Univ. of Pa.. ’85; Ph.D., Halle, ‘88;
Instr. in Statistics, ’88-’91.

Intro. to Statistics. ii, 15, O.-F.
Statistics of Econ. Problems. ii, 15, F.-My.
Hist. and Theory of Statistics. ii, 15, O.-F.
Statistical Organization. ii, 15, F.-My.

 

Samuel McC. Lindsay, Asst. Prof. of Sociol.
Ph.B., Univ. of Pa., ’89; Ph.D., Halle, ’92.

Theory of Sociol. (2 yr. course). ii, 30.
Social-Debtor Classes. ii, 30.
Sociol. Field Work. ii, 30.
Seminary. ii, 30.

 

 

PRINCETON.
5 Graduate Students, 1887-8.
1 Fellowship, $500.

 

Winthrop M. Daniels, Prof. of Pol. Econ.
A.B., Princeton, ’88, and A.M., ’90;
Instr. Wesleyan, ’91-2.

Public Finance.* ii, 18, S.-Ja.
Hist. of Pol. Econ.* ii, 18, F.-My.

 

W. A. Wyckoff, Lect. on Sociology.
A.B., Princeton, ’88, and A.M., ’91.

Sociology.* ii, 18, F.-My.

 

 

RADCLIFFE.
4 Graduate Students, 1897-8.
[See Harvard Courses marked “[R]”.]

Seminary in Econ. (With Prof. Taussig and Asst. Prof. Cummings.)

 

W. J. Ashley.

[Med. Econ. Hist. of Europe.* iii,30.]

 

Dr. Cunningham, Trinity Col., Cam. Eng.

Industrial Revolution in Eng. in 18th and 19th Cents.* iii, 15, F.-Jun.

 

G. S. Callender.

Econ. Hist. of U. S.*

 

Edward Cummings.

Princ. of Sociol.* iii, 30.

 

Edward Cummings and John Cummings.

Soc. and Econ. Conditions of Workingmen.* iii, 30.

 

John Cummings.

Statistics, Theory, Methods, Practice.*

(Of last three courses, two only will be given in 1898-9.)

 

F. Russell.

Gen. Anthropol.* —?

 

 

VANDERBILT.
2 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

 

Frederick W. Moore, Adj. Prof. of Hist. and Econ.
A.B., Yale, ’86, and Ph.D., ’90

 

Chas. F. Emerick, Asst. in Economics.
A.B., Wittenberg, ’89; Ph.M., Mich., ’95; Ph.D., Columbia, ’97.

Theory of Pol. Econ. Growth of Corporate Industry. iii, 32.
A Study of Socialism.* iii, 16.

 

 

WELLESLEY.
o Graduate Students, 1897-8.

 

Katharine Coman, Prof. of Hist. and Pol. Econ.
Ph.B., Mich., ’80.

Indust. Hist. of U. S.* iii, 17, F.-Jun.
[Indust. Hist. of Eng.* iii, 17, S.-Ja.]
Statistical Study of Problems in the U.S. iii, 17, S.-Ja.

 

Emily Greene Balch, Instr. in Economics.
A.B., Bryn Mawr.

Socialism.* iii, 17, F.-Jun.
Evolution and Present Conditions of Wage Labor.* iii, 17, S.-Ja.
Social Economics.* iii, 17, S.-Ja.; also F.-Jun.

 

 

WESTERN RESERVE.
4 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

S. F. Weston, Assoc. Prof. of Pol. and Soc. Sci.
A.B., Antioch, ’79, and A.M., ’85; Asst. in Economics, Columbia, ’92-4.

Social Theories.* iii, 17, F.-Jun.
Pauperism and Charities.* iii, 17, F.-Jun.
Money and Banking.* iii, 17, F.-Jun.
U.S. Tariff and Revenue System. iii, 17, F.-Jun.
Economic History of England.* iii, 16, S.-Ja.
Economic History of United States.* iii, 16, S.-Ja.
The State.* iii, 16, S.-Ja.
Civil Government.* iii, 16, S.-Ja.
Social Problems.* iii, 17, F.-Jun.
Economic Theories. iii, 36.

 

 

WISCONSIN.
24 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

Location at State capital gives special facilities for studying the State’s activities and methods of administration. Field work in charitable and correctional institutions in Madison and Chicago. Opportunity for continuous practical work during summer months.

 

Richard T. Ely, Prof. of Pol. Econ. and Director of the Sch. of Econ., Pol. Science and Hist.
A.B., Columbia, ’76; Ph.D., Heidelberg, ‘79; LL.D., Hobart, ’92;
Chair of Pol. Econ., Johns Hopkins, ’81-’92.

Distribution of Wealth. iii, 72, S.-Jun. (This course is to run through ’98- ’99, and ’99-1900.)
Public Finance. iii, 18, S.-F.
Taxation and Am. Public Finance. iii, 18, F.-Jun.
[Social Ethics. ii, 18, S.-F.]
[Socialism. ii, 18, S.-F.
Economic Seminary. Recent Devel. of Econ. Theory. ii, 36. (With Prof. Scott and Dr. Jones.)

 

William A. Scott, Prof. of Econ. Hist. and Theory.
A.B., Rochester, ‘86; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, ’92.
Prof. Hist. and Pol. Econ., Univ. So. Dak., ’87-’90; Instr. in Hist., Johns Hopkins, ’91-2;

[Theories of Value. ii, 18, S.-F.]
Theories of Rent, Wages, Profits, and Interest. ii, 36, S.-F.
[Theories of Production and Consumption. ii, 18, F.-Jun.]
Classical Economists. iii, 18, F.-Jun.

 

Edward D. Jones, Instr. in Econ. and Statistics.
B.S., Ohio Wesleyan Univ., ’92; Halle and Berlin, ’93-4; Ph.D., Univ. of Wisconsin, ’95.

Economic Geography. ii, 18, S.-F.
Statistics. iii, 18, F.-Jun.
Charity and Crime. iii, 18, S.-F.

 

Balthasar H. Meyer, Instr. in Sociol. and Transportation.
B.L., Univ. of Wis., ’94; Berlin, ’94-5; Fel. Univ. of Wis., ’95-7; Ph.D., Univ. of Wis., ’97.

Elements of Sociology.* iii, 18, S.-F.
Psychological Sociologists.* ii, 18, S.-F.
Modern Sociological Thought. iii, 18, F.-Jun.
Transportation. ii, 18, F.-Jun.

 

Frank C. Sharp, Asst. Prof. of Philos.
A.B., Amherst, ’87; Ph.D., Berlin, ’92.

Social Ethics. ii, 18, F.-Jun.
Readings in Ger. Social Philos. ii, 18, S.-F.

 

 

YALE.
43 Graduate Students, 1897-8.

Pol. Science Club meets fortnightly. Club Room with Library for Graduate Students.

 

W. G. Sumner, Prof. of Pol. and Soc. Sci.
A.B., Yale, ’63; LL.D., Tenn., ’84.

Anthropology. ii, 32.
Systematic Societology. ii, 32.
[Indust. Rev. Renaissance Period. ii,32.]
[Begin. of Indust. Organization. ii,32.]
Science of Society.* (German.) ii, 32.

 

H. W. Farnam, Prof. of Pol. Econ.
A.B., Yale, ’74; R.P.D., Strassburg, ’78.

[Pauperism. ii, O.-D.]
Modern Organiza. of Labor. ii, 20, Ja.-Jun.]
Princs. Pub. Finance. ii, 32.

 

A. T. Hadley, Prof. of Pol. Econ.
A.B., Yale, 76, and A.M., ’87.

Econ. Problems of Corporations. i, 32.
Relat. between Econ. and Ethics. ii, 32.
Railroad Transportation.* ii, 32.

 

A. T. Hadley and Irving Fisher.

Economics (gen. course).* iii, 32.

 

W. F. Blackman, Prof. of Christian Ethics.
A.B., Oberlin, ’77; D.B., Yale, ’80; Ph.D., Cornell, ’93.

Social Science. ii, 32.
Lit. of Social. ii, 12, O.-D.
Soc. Study of Family. i, 12, O.-D.
Soc. Teach. and Influence of Christianity. i, 32.

 

J. C. Schwab, Asst. Prof. of Pol. Science.
A.B., Yale, ’86, and A.M., ’88; Ph. D., Göttingen, ’89.

Finance. ii, 32.
U.S. Indust. Hist. ii, 32.
U.S. Financial Hist. i, 32.
Finances of Confed. States, 1861-65. i, 32.

 

Irving Fisher, Asst. Prof. of Pol. Econ.
A.B. Yale, ’88, and Ph.D., ’91.

Principles of Economics (adv). ii, 32.
Statistics. ii, 20, Ja.-Jun.
Vital Statistics and Life Insurance. ii, 12, O.-D.

____________________

Source:  Graduate Courses 1898-99: A Handbook for Graduate Students. (6th edition). (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1899), pp. 80-90.

Categories
Chicago Columbia Courses Harvard

Comparison of Course Offerings. Chicago, Columbia, Harvard ca. 1893-94

Compilations of graduate courses in all fields were published by a Committee of the Graduate Club of Harvard in cooperation with committees of similar clubs at other universities for the last six academic years of the 19th century:

1893-94 edition
1894-95 edition
1895-96 edition
1896-97 edition
1897-98 edition
1898-99 edition

After the sixth edition for 1898-99, the “The publication of the compendium of graduate courses has, for the present at least, been abandoned. This decision was made by the convention after hearing the report of a very careful investigation of the subject by a special committee appointed at the convention of 1897. It was shown that the very
limited number of copies of the Handbook sold did not warrant the continuance of such an expensive publication.” 1899-1900 edition, pp. 3-4.

Here I have selected the course listings from the 1893-94 edition, pp. 47-49. I’ve checked the course listings for Chicago and found they correspond to the course offerings for 1892-93, hence I put “ca.” in the title to this posting. I have rearranged the order to approximate matching course content across the universities.

The cells in the table provide the following information:

  • Instructor
  • Course title
  • Hours per week, Weeks per course, Usual months offered.

An asterisk means the course in question was also open to undergraduates.

Chicago

 Columbia

Harvard
A. C. Miller
Princip. pol econ.
5, 24, Jul.-D.		 Richmond Mayo-Smith
Histor. and pract. pol. econ.
3, 30		 F. W. Taussig
Econom. theory from Adam Smith till present.
3, 31.
A. C. Miller
Adv. pol. econ.
5, 12, Ja.-Mr.
William Caldwell
Descrip. pol. econ.
4, 12, Ja.-Mr.
J. Laurence Laughlin
Hist. pol. econ.
4, 12, A.-Ju.		 W. J. Ashley
El. econm. opinion, down to Adam Smith*
William Caldwell
Hist. pol. econ.
4, 24, Ja.-Ju.
William Caldwell
Scope and method pol. econ.
4, 12, A.-Ju.
Laughlin
Money and pract. Economics.
4, 24, O.-Mr.		 C. F. Dunbar
Banking and hist. of B.*
3, 15, F.-My.
Dr. G. E. Hill
Banking.
4, 12.		 C. F. Dunbar
Internat. paymts. and flow of precious metals.*
3, 16, O.-Ja.
A. C. Miller
Finance.
4, 12, O.-D.		 E. R. A. Seligman
Science of finance.
2, 30.
A. C. Miller
Financ. hist. U.S.
4, 12, A.-Ju.		 E. R. A. Seligman
Financ. hist. U.S.
2, 14, F.-My.		 C. F. Dunbar
Hist. finance legis. in U.S.*
3, 16, O.-Ja.
Dr. G. E. Hill
Railway transportation.
4, 24, O.-Mr.		 E. R. A. Seligman
Railroad probs.
2, 16, O.-Ja.		 F. W. Taussig
Railway transport.
3, 16, O.-Ja.
Dr. G. E. Hill
Indust. and econ. hist.
4, 24, Ja.-Ju.		 W. J. Ashley
Dev. of land-tenures, agrarian condition in Europe.*
1, 31.
William Caldwell
Econ. factors in civilize.
4, 12.		 C. B. Spahr
Distrib. Am. Wealth.
1, 30.
Edward Cummings
Principles of social.; Dev. of mod. state and its soc. functs.*
2,31.
Dr. G. E. Hill
Tariff hist. U.S.
4, 12, A. –Ju.		 F. W. Taussig
Hist. tariff legis. U.S.
2-3, 15, F.-My.
E. W. Bemis
Social economics.
4, 12, A.-Ju.		 F. H. Giddings
Sociology.
2, 16, O.-Ja.		 Edward Cummings
Soc. and econom. cond. of working-men.*
3, 31.
William Caldwell
Social econ., soc. reforms.
4, 12, Jul.-S.		 F. H. Giddings
Origins of family, clan, tribe.
2, 14, O.-Ja.
F. H. Giddings
Crime and penology.
2, 14, F.-My.
T. B. Veblen
Socialism.
4, 24, Ja.-Ju.		 Richmond Mayo-Smith
Communistic and socialist. Theories
2,30.		 Edward Cummings
Ideal soc. reconstr. from Plato to pres.*
1-2, 31.
T. B. Veblen
Am. agriculture.
4, 12, O.-D.
Dr. J. A. Hourwich
Statistics (el.).
4, 12, O.-D.
Dr. J. A. Hourwich
Statistics (adv.).
4, 12, Ja-Mr.		 Richmond Mayo-Smith
Statistical sci.
2, 30.
Laughlin
Econom. sem.
4, 30, O.-Ju.		 Richmond Mayo-Smith
Sem. in pol. econ. and soc. sci.		 All instructors
Seminary in economics.
1,31.
A. C. Miller
Sem. in finance.
4, 36, O.-Ju.

 

Categories
Chicago Regulations

Chicago Economics. General Regulations for Ph.D., 1903

University of Chicago
The Regulations of the University of Chicago
(Chicago, 1903)

[p. 24]

ARTICLE VIII. INSTRUCTION.

Section 1.—Courses of instruction provided by the University are organized under the following Departments:

[p. 25]

The Schools and Colleges of Arts, Literature, and Science.

I.           Philosophy.
II.         Political Economy.
III.       Political Science.
IV.       History.
V.         The History of Art.
VI.       Sociology and Anthropology.
VII.      Comparative Religion.
VIII.     Semitic Languages and Literatures-
IX.        Biblical and Patristic Greek.
X.         Sanskrit and Indo-European Comparative Philology.
XI.       The Greek Language and Literature.
XII.      The Latin Language and Literature.
XIII.     The Romance Languages and Literatures.
XIV.     The Germanic Languages and Literatures.
XV.       The English Language and Literature, and Rhetoric.
XVI.     Literature (in English).
XVII.    Mathematics.
XVIIl.   Astronomy and Astrophysics.
XIX.     Physics.
XX.      Chemistry.
XXI.     Geology.
XXIA.  Geography.
XXII.   Zoology.
XXIII.  Anatomy.
XXIV.  Physiology (including Physiological Chemistry and Pharmacology).
XXV.   Neurology.
XXVI.  Palæontology.
XXVII. Botany.
XXVIll. Pathology and Bacteriology.
XXXI.  Public Speaking.
XXXIl. Physical Culture and Athletics.
XXXIII.Military Science and Tactics.

[…]

Section 2. — Courses of instruction are classified as Majors and Minors, and call for a specific number of hours per week, or the equivalent of the same, as follows: The Major course occupies four or five hours weekly for a Quarter (twelve weeks). The Minor course occupies four or five hours weekly for a Term (six weeks). The Double Major or Double Minor occupies double the [p. 26] weekly time for the Quarter or Term respectively.

  1. Major and Minor courses in the Junior Colleges uniformly occupy five hours weekly.
  2. In the Summer Quarter courses in all the Schools and Colleges occupy five hours weekly.
  3. Seminar work is estimated in Majors or Minors not according to the number of hours occupied weekly, but according to the character of the work required. Determination of the credit value of the Seminar lies within the province of the instructor, subject to the approval of the Head of the Department.

 

Section 3. — The normal work of the student is three courses for each Quarter.

  1. The student is permitted to take two Majors or their equivalent, or one Major, provided that he furnishes satisfactory evidence to his Dean that he is making the proper use of his time.
  2. A student may take four Majors of work during a Quarter. In the case of an under- graduate student this is permitted only on approval of his recent instructors and the payment of an additional fee (see Art. XIII, sec. 7, no. 8).

[…]

[p. 30]

Section 13. — The courses of instruction in the Graduate Schools are elective, except as the election is modified by the previous choice involved in candidacy for a particular degree. (See Art. XI, sees. 4, 6, 8.)

  1. Graduate work done in another institution is accepted as resident work in the University, provided that:
    1. The institution in which the work is done is of high standing; and
    2. Sufficient evidence is furnished that the particular work is satisfactorily performed.
    3. No work done in another institution is accepted in lieu of the minimum of one year of residence required for any degree.
  2. Non-resident work may be substituted for resident work for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the following conditions:
    1. The non-resident student is expected to matriculate at the University and spend the first year of the time required for the degree in residence, unless he satisfies the Head of the Department concerned that he can do the introductory work in a satisfactory manner though not in attendance.
    2. The non-resident work is performed under the general direction of the Head of the Department concerned.
    3. The final examination in all work leading to a degree is passed at the University.
  3. No non-resident work is accepted in lieu of the minimum residence of one year required for the Master’s degree.

[…]

[p. 32]

Section 17. — At the close of each course of study an examination is held by the instructor, the particular time being officially announced in the Weekly Calendar.

  1. Quarterly examinations are given in graduate courses at the discretion of the instructor. *

*(l) This does not entitle individual graduate students to exemption from the examination in courses in which the quarterly examination is held. (2) In case no examination is held in a graduate course it is understood that some paper, problem, or exercise is substituted for the examination in question.

  1. If quarterly examinations are not given in graduate courses, instruction continues to be given until the last day of the Quarter.

[…]

Section 19. — For regulations governing examinations for higher degrees, see Art. XI, sec. 6, no. 4, and sec. 9.

 

Section 20. — The following terminology is employed in recording the work of students:

 

A = 100 to 91.

B= 90 to 76.

C= 75 to 61.

D= 60 to 51.

E= 50 to 0.

  1. “C” is the passing mark.
  2. “D” requires a second examination…

[p. 33]

[…]

  1. In the Graduate Schools all grades below “C” are equivalent to “not passed.”

[…]

[p. 38]

[…]

ARTICLE XI. GRADUATION, INCLUDING CANDIDACY AND REQUIREMENTS FOR DEGREES.

Section 1. — A diploma or certificate conferring a degree or a title, or testifying to the completion of a course of study, is awarded to each student completing the requirements in a School, College, or Academy as follows:

[…]

  1. The degree of Master of Arts, Philosophy, or Science and of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate Schools.

[…]

Section 3. — A student is admitted to candidacy for a higher degree in any School on the following general conditions:

  1. If his undergraduate course is equivalent to that in the Colleges of the University (see sees. 4-6).
  2. If he has been in residence one Quarter or more in the School.
  3. On recommendation of the Department or Departments in which he wishes to work he is accepted by the Faculty of the School.
  4. Graduates of approved institutions who become candidates for a higher degree are, as a general rule, allowed to depart from the regulations of the University for the Bachelor’s degree to the extent of three Majors, but no deficiency in quantity is allowed (see sees. 5 and 6).
  5. Substitutes for the specified work required for the Bachelor’s degree of this University, to the amount of eight Majors reckoned by College standards, are granted to candidates for a higher degree:
    1. In the case of a student appointed to a Fellowship or Scholarship, when the substitution is recommended by the Department in which the principal work is done.
    2. In other cases, by a majority vote of the University Senate.

[…]

[p.39]

[…]

Section 4. — The following special regulations condition admission to candidacy for the degrees in question :

[…]

  1. In the case of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in any School, the student has a reading knowledge of French and German certified to by the Departments of Romance and Germanic Languages in the University, and the subject for his dissertation is accepted by the Head of his principal Department.
  2. A graduate student holding any Bachelor’s degree and devoting himself to any Department of study is admitted to candidacy for any Master’s degree, provided that, also, he has done the work required for a corresponding Bachelor’s degree in the University.

[…]

Section 6. — Students admitted to candidacy for higher degrees obtain them on the following general conditions :

  1. Resident graduate work as follows : for the Master’s degree, three Quarters ; for the Doctor’s degree, three years, or, in the Graduate Divinity School, four years. (See special provision in sec. 7, nos. 6-8.)
  2. Registration during the Quarter in which the examination for the degree takes place.
  3. The successful completion of a course of study acceptable to the Department in which the work is done. For special curriculum requirements, see sec. 8.
  4. The passing of a final examination, written [p. 40] or oral or both, at the discretion of the examining committee. For special examination requirements see sec. 9.
  5. The preparation and presentation of a satisfactory dissertation, except in the case of the non-specialist Master’s degree (see sec. 8, no. 3). For special dissertation requirements, see sec. 10.
  6. The favorable report of the examining committee, the recommendation of Ruling Bodies concerned, and the conferring of the degree by the Board of Trustees through the President.
  7. Presence in person at the Convocation at which the degree is given.

 

Section 7. — Special regulations governing the term of residence necessary for graduation are as follows :

  1. No degree is given without at least one year (three Quarters) of full resident work.
  2. Students who have taken a degree for two years’ work in schools under the supervision of the University may take the title of Associate after a Quarter of residence at the University.

[…]

  1. Students presenting advanced credit shorten the time required for residence for certain degrees. (See Art. VI, sec. 13 ; Art. VIII, sec. 13, no. I, and sec. 14, no. 7.)
  2. Non-resident work accepted in lieu of work in residence shortens the time required for residence. (See Art. VIII, sec. 13, no. 2, sec. 14, no. 4.) Non-resident work cannot be accepted as affording any time credit in the course for the medical degree.
  3. In exceptional cases the degree of Doctor of Philosophy may be granted after one year of residence at the University of Chicago, work having been done in other institutions.

 

Section 8. — Special regulations governing the curriculum are as follows :

  1. Each Department of instruction decides what courses of instruction are accepted in its Department for higher degrees.
  2. Work done in other universities may be substituted for work in the University according to the regulations found in Art. VI, sec. 13; Art. VIII, sec. 13, no. 1, sec. 14, no. 7.
  3. If the degree of Master in the Graduate Schools be taken as a specialist degree, at least seven Majors of resident graduate work, all falling in one Department, and a dissertation, are required. If it be taken as a non-specialist degree, there are required nine Majors of resident graduate work distributed among three Departments (not more than six Majors falling in any one group of Departments), without a dissertation; but the respective Departments must approve in writing, in advance, at the time of the student’s admission to candidacy, the specific courses to be offered for the degree, and any Department is at liberty to require other courses to be taken as preliminary to those thus approved. In any case Seminar courses are counted toward the Master’s degree only by special consent of the Department concerned.

[…]

[p. 41]

[…]

  1. For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate Schools the requirements are :
    1. One principal and either one or two secondary subjects are chosen, each acceptable to the head of the Department concerned.
    2. Not more than two-thirds of the work may be done in one Department, and work counting toward the degree in not more than three Departments, except when such work is accepted as equivalent to work done in the Department itself.
    3. The minimum requirement in a secondary subject taken by a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is one year (three Quarters) of full work (that is to say, work corresponding, in the judgment of the Department, to nine Majors).
    4. The candidate who has already done in another university the whole or a part of the work which would be accepted by the proposed secondary Department in this University as sufficient, takes, nevertheless, an amount of work in that Department corresponding to at least three Majors; and this work is of a strictly advanced character.
    5. If a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy takes two secondary subjects, the minimum requirement is two-thirds of a full year’s work in one of them (that is to say, work corresponding, in the judgment of the Department concerned, to six Majors), and one-third of a full year’s work in the other (that is to say, work corresponding, in the judgment of the Department concerned, to three Majors); and of these amounts at least three Majors in each subject are of a strictly advanced character.
    6. A good command of literary expression and such knowledge of subjects considered fundamental as may be prescribed by the several Departments is required.

[…]

Section 9. — Special regulations governing the examination preliminary to obtaining degrees are as follows :

  1. The public oral examination for the degree of Master or of Doctor of Philosophy is conducted by an examining committee (see no. 2), and does not exceed two hours in length in the case of the Master’s degree and three hours in the case of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Notice of the same is published in the Weekly Calendar at least one week in advance.
  2. The Examining Committee consists of all the instructors of the Departments concerned, ex officio, and one or more members appointed by the President. The President also names the chairman of the Committee. In all examinations for the Doctor’s degree in Greek and Latin the members of all Departments represented in the Classical Group are understood to be included in this regulation as “Departments concerned.”
  3. The oral examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is taken within four months after the approval of the dissertation, unless the time be extended by the Senate upon the recommendation of the Heads of the Departments concerned. (See no. 6 below.)

[p. 42]

  1. The candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is admitted to final examination only when the thesis is complete and ready for the printer (see also sec. 10). By “complete ” is meant that every chapter or considerable subdivision of the document is worked out with such fulness that it is practicable to make all the necessary corrections and additions on the proof.
  2. No examination for a higher degree is held within the last week before the Convocation at which the degree is to be conferred.
  3. The candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy may present himself for examination in his secondary subject as soon as he has fulfilled the requirements of the Department concerned. The examination is conducted by a committee consisting of the members of the Department, a representative of the principal Department, and a representative of another Department, and the grade attained is reported to the Recorder.
  4. In case a candidate has already taken the examination in his secondary Department, the examination in his principal subject is conducted by an Examining Committee consisting of the members of the Department concerned, an appointed representative of the secondary Department, or each of them, by any other members of the said Department that may choose to attend, and by a member of some other Department appointed by the President.
  5. The candidate for any final examination for the higher degree prepares a typewritten or printed brief of his work, including an analysis of the dissertation, and files with the Recorder copies of the same, sufficient in number for the Examining Committee, one week before the time set for the examination. In case of an examination in the secondary Department, the brief includes the work in this Department. The brief for the final examination includes the work of both Departments.

 

Section 10. — Special regulations governing the dissertation in the case of the higher degrees are as follows:

  1. Students who have reached their third year of graduate study and are, in the judgment of the instructors concerned, prepared to enter upon the direct work of the thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy may, within the judgment of the Department in which the thesis is to be presented, be free for that work. In this case the usual fees are paid.
  2. The subject of the dissertation in the case of the Doctor’s degree in the Graduate Schools is submitted for approval to the Head of the Department at least twelve months before the date of the final examination.
  3. The dissertation itself is submitted in written form four months before the date of the final examination (unless postponement is authorized by the Senate upon recommendation of the Head of the Department concerned).
  4. Dissertation work may be done in collaboration with the instructor on the following conditions:
    1. The student should be given the choice of selecting a second subject on which he is allowed to publish alone.
    2. The student submits a written dissertation on such part of the joint work as was allotted to him for original investigation, on the basis of which he desires to receive the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
    3. This dissertation should be printed separately.
    4. Should the joint paper appear before the dissertation is printed, or should it be unavoidably delayed, the time allowed for the printing of the dissertation may be suitably extended at the request of the instructor.
  5. Dissertations for the degree of Master and of Doctor of Philosophy, after receiving the approval of the Departments concerned, are [p. 43] deposited in the Library at least three weeks before the date of the Convocation at which the degrees are to be conferred, and notices of the dissertations thus deposited are given to the Faculties concerned.
  6. In the title-page required for all dissertations the official name of the University is placed at the head of the title-page, and the name of the Department to which the dissertation is offered is designated in marks of parenthesis at the end of the statement that the dissertation is offered in candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The proper form is as follows :

__________________

The University of Chicago
FOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
_____

(Title) ______________________________________

___________________________________________

A DISSERTATION

SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY
OF THE

(GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND LITERATURE)
(OGDEN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SCIENCE)
(GRADUATE DIVINITY SCHOOL)

IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

(Department of___________________)

_____

BY

(Name of Author) ______________________________________

_____

_____

_____

19—

__________________

 

  1. A brief of the dissertation accompanies the brief of work required. (See sec. 9, no. 8.)
  2. A dissertation is required for the Master’s degree in the Graduate Schools when it is taken as a specialist degree. (See sec. 8, no. 3.) In this case the subject is submitted for approval to the Head of the Department in which the principal work is done, at least six months before graduation, and the completed dissertation at least two months before graduation. The title page of the Master’s dissertation must, in form, agree with that of the Doctor’s dissertation. The paper on which the dissertation is written is of uniform size (8½ × 11 inches), and of a quality approved by the Librarian of the University, from whom samples are obtained. Five printed or typewritten copies are deposited in the University Library. A copy for preservation in the Library is bound in dark cloth and shows the title of the thesis, either stamped on the cover in gilt lettering or written out on a slip and pasted on the outside covering.

[…]

[p. 44]

[…]

  1. For the relation of the dissertation to admission to the examination and to recommendation for the degree, see sees. 9, no. 4, and 11, nos. 3 and 4.
  2. After acceptance, one hundred printed copies of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy are deposited in the Library within six months after the date of the final examinations. These copies become the property of the University. (See Art. II, sec. 14, no. 15, and Art. XV, sec. 9, no. 2.) Two copies of each thesis are offered bound in boards in a style approved by the Librarian of the University, from whom samples may be secured upon application.

[…]

[p. 45]

[…]

Section 12. — Special regulations governing recommendation for higher degrees are as follows:

  1. The Departments concerned recommend to the proper Faculties, the Faculties to the University Senate, and the Senate to the Board of Trustees.
  2. In no case is a candidate recommended for a higher degree without the consent of all the Departments concerned.
  3. The degree of Master (specialist, and in the Divinity School) is recommended only after the proper number of copies of the dissertation have been deposited with the Librarian. (See sec. 10, no. 8.)
  4. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is recommended only on a written certificate of the principal Department concerned that the thesis is ready for the printer, and on the written evidence of some responsible journal or publisher that the required number of printed copies will be furnished the University within a reasonable time.

[…]

Section 14. — Four grades of excellence are distinguished for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, namely : (1) rite; (2) cum laude; (3) magna cum laude; (4) summa cum laude. The grading is based both upon the examination and the dissertation.

 

Categories
Chicago Courses

Chicago Economics. Courses of Instruction. 1900-01.

General
Junior College Courses
Senior College and Graduate Courses
Seminars

Source: University of Chicago. Annual Register: July, 1899-July, 1900 with Announcements for 1900-1901. 1900.

[p. 165]

The Department of Political Economy
[University of Chicago]

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.
Summer Quarter, 1900—Spring Quarter, 1901.
M=Minor course=a single course for six weeks. Mj=Major course=a single course for twelve weeks.

 

GENERAL.

The courses may be roughly classified into

Group I, Introductory: Courses 1,2,3,4.
Group II, Theoretical: Courses 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
Group III, Practical: Courses 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 47, 39, 40, 41.
Group IV, Seminars: Courses 50, 51, 42, 53, 54, 55.

Students are advised to begin the study of economics not later than the first year of their entrance into the Senior Colleges; and students of high standing, showing special aptitude for economic study, may properly take Course 1 in the last year of the Junior Colleges.

For admission to the courses of Groups II and III, a prerequisite is the satisfactory completion of Courses 1 and 2 or an equivalent. Those desiring only a general acquaintance with the subject are expected to take Course 2 during the second quarter. Course 1 is not open to students who do not intend to continue the work of 2.

After passing satisfactorily in Courses 1 and 2 the student will find a division of the courses into three general groups : Group II will be concerned chiefly with a study of economic principles, their historical development, and the various systems of economic thought; Group III, while making use of principles and economic reasoning, will be devoted mainly to the collection of facts, the weighing of evidence, and an examination of questions bearing on the immediate welfare of our people. For a proper grasp of the subject Courses 10, 11, and 13 are indispensable; and in the second year of his study of economics the student should supplement a course in Group II by a course in Group III. Group IV provides for the oversight of special investigations, particularly those undertaken by candidates for the higher degrees.

Ability to treat economic questions properly can be acquired only if the student, being possessed of some natural aptitude for the study, devotes sufficient time to it to enable him to assimilate the principles into his thinking, and to obtain certain habits of mind which are demanded for proficiency in this, as in any other important branch of study.

 

JUNIOR COLLEGE COURSES

 

  1. and 2. Principles of Political Economy.—Exposition of the laws of Political Economy in its present state.

5 hrs. a week. MJ. Summer Quarter; 8:30.
Dr. Hatfield.

2 Mjs. Autumn and Winter Quarters; 8:30 and 9:30
Professor Laughlin and
Asssistant Professor Hill.
Repeated in Spring Quarter; 12:00.
Assistant Professor Hill

Course 1 in the Autumn Quarter is open only to students who express to their deans a bona fide intention to elect 2 in the Winter Quarter.

Students should begin the study of Political Economy by taking Courses 1 and 2. Those desirous of laying the foundation for work in the advanced courses will take these two courses; those who, while giving their attention mainly to other departments, seek simply that general knowledge of economics demanded by a liberal education, and cannot devote more time to the study, will also take Courses 1 and 2. Courses 1 and 2 together are designed to give the students an acquaintance with the working principles of Political Economy.

The general drill in the principles cannot be completed in one quarter; and the department does not wish students to elect Course 1 who do not intend to continue the work in Course 2. Descriptive and practical subjects are introduced as the principles are discussed, and the field is only half-covered in Course 1. Those who do not take both 1 and 2 are not prepared to take any advanced courses.

Courses 1 and 2 form the two Majors required of all Junior College students in the College of Commerce and Administration.

 

  1. Economic and Social History.—Leading Events in the Economic History of Europe and America since the middle of the eighteenth century. Lectures and Reading.

Mi. Winter Quarter; 2:00
Professor Miller.

[p. 166] This course endeavors to present a comprehensive survey of the social, industrial, commercial and economic development of the Western world since the middle of the eighteenth century. After a preliminary study of the industrial revolution and the rise of the factory system, attention will be called to the economic and social effects of the American and French revolutions; the development of American commerce; to the introduction of steam transportation; to the adoption of free trade by England; to the new gold discoveries and their widespread effects; to the Civil War in the United States; to the French indemnity; to the crisis of 1873; and to the economic disturbances of the past twenty years. The course is conducted mainly by lectures, but a course of collateral reading will be prescribed upon which students will be expected to report from time to time.

No previous economic study is required of students entering this course, but it will be taken to best advantage by those who already have some knowledge of economic principles.

 

  1. Descriptive Economics.—Lectures and Reports.

Mj. Summer Quarter; 12:00
Mj. Autumn Quarter; 12:00
Dr. Hatfield.

This is an elementary course requiring no previous study of Political Economy and describes the industrial structure of modern society. As it thus treats of the subject-matter with which economic theory deals, it may properly precede or supplement the course in Principles of Political Economy.

The purpose of the course is to familiarize the student with the actual forms in which economic activity of today manifests itself. The treatment will be concrete and practical rather than theoretical and will include the following subjects: Raw materials and their sources; the organization and methods of leading industries showing the effects of modern inventions; the development of markets; produce exchanges; trade routes; the distribution of commerce, etc.

In connection with this course the class will visit a number of the large industrial establishments situated in Chicago.

 

SENIOR COLLEGE AND GRADUATE COURSES.

  1. History of Political Economy.—History of the Development of Economic Theories, embracing those of the Mercantilists and the Physiocrats, followed by a critical study of Adam Smith and his English and Continental Successors.—Lectures, Reading, and Reports.

Mj. Autumn Quarter, 11:00.
Assistant Professor Veblen.

This course treats of the theoretic development of Political Economy as a systematic body of doctrine; of the formation of economic conceptions and principles, policies, and systems. The subject will be treated so as to show the continuity and systematic character of Political Economy as the intelligent and scientific explanation of economic facts. Both the internal and the external aspects of the history of Political Economy will be studied, that is, the history of topics and doctrines and that of schools and leading writers. At the same time, any body of economic doctrine will always be explained and tested as the interpretation of a certain sphere of economic fact; and the student will thus be constantly drilled in economic analysis and in the sifting of economic proof, with the aim of making his hold on economic facts and problems at once exact and comprehensive. The questions that arise as to the interpretation of great writers and their systems will also form matter of discussion and study. Attention will be given, first, to what is significant for Political Economy in the early efforts of the moderns to solve economic problems. The commercial theories of the Mercantile System, the Physiocratic School, Adam Smith and his immediate predecessors, the English writers from Adam Smith to J. S. Mill, and the European and American writers of the nineteenth century will be studied. From the multiplicity of writers, selections will be made of those who have had great influence, or who have made marked contributions to Political Economy.

The student will be expected to read prescribed portions of the great authors bearing on cardinal principles, and to trace the relationship of the teaching of one author to that of another and of all authors in a scientific whole. It is hoped that in this way he will learn to see the consistency and relations of economic theories and to use the science as a whole, and not as a mere mass of arbitrary formula: or dicta. A special feature of the work will be a thorough study of Adam Smith and of Ricardo.

 

  1. Scope and Method of Political Economy.—Origin and Development of the Historical School.—Lectures and Reports.

Mj. Winter Quarter; 11:00
Assistant Professor Veblen.

This course attempts to define the province, postulates, and character of Political Economy; to determine [p. 167] its method and to examine the nature of economic truth. The methods of proof and the processes of reasoning involved in the analysis of economic phenomena and the investigation of economic problems, and the position of Political Economy in the circle of the Moral Sciences—its relation to Ethics, Political Science. and Sociology—will be studied. In view of the controversies which have arisen on these fundamental topics, a critical estimate will be made of the views of leading writers on Methodology, such as Mill, Cairnes, Schmoller, Wagner, Menger, Sax, Keynes, and others. Seeing that the controversy about method arose in connection with the contentions of members of the Historical School of Political Economy in Germany, the opinions and writings of prominent representatives of that school will be studied.

Students will be required to prepare critical studies on books or subjects selected by the instructor.

 

  1. Economic Theory.—Critical Discussion of Theories of Value. Lectures and Reports.

Mj. Summer Quarter; 9:30.
Mj. Autumn Quarter; 2:00.
Professor Miller.

An opportunity will be given to students who, having completed Courses 1 and 2, should have a further study of theory, both as a means of general training and as a prerequisite for advanced courses in constructive work in the field of theory. Those who are especially interested in questions of value. socialism and the like, should take advantage of this course to strengthen their powers of reasoning on economic theory. Especial attention will be given to the discussion of value and such other controverted parts of economic theory as are not taken up in Course 13.

 

  1. Unsettled Problems of Economic Theory.—Questions of Exchange and Distribution. Critical examination of selections from leading writers.

Mj. Spring Quarter; 12:00.
Professor Laughlin.

Little use will be made of text-books or lectures in this course, it being intended to take up certain topics in economic theory and to follow out their treatment by various writers. The more abstruse questions of exchange and distribution will be considered. No student, therefore, can undertake the work of this course with profit who has not already become familiar with the fundamental principles. The course is open only to those who have passed satisfactorily in Courses 1 and 2, or who can clearly show that they have had an equivalent training.

The subjects to be considered in 1900-1901 will be as follows: The wages-fund and other theories of wages, the interest problem, managers’ profits and allied topics. The discussion will be based upon selected passages of important writers. The study of wages, for example, will include reading from Adam Smith, Ricardo, J. S. Mill, Longe, Thornton, Cairnes, F. A. Walker, Marshall, George, Böhm-Bawerk and others. Students will also be expected to discuss recent important contributions to these subjects in current books or journals; and they will be practiced in the exposition of special points before their fellow students.

 

  1. Social Economics. Attempts to Improve the Economic Condition of Workingmen.—Lectures and Reading, Practical Investigations and Reports.

Mj. Autumn Quarter; 8:30.
Dr. Hatfield.

The main purposes of the course are: (1) to discover the economic value of the various efforts that have been made and are being made to improve the condition of the workingmen, to learn why some succeed and others fail; and (2) to familiarize the students with the methods of such of these undertakings as have demonstrated their right to live, so that. if called upon, the students may themselves be able to take the lead in organizing similar undertakings.

In addition to the three great classes of cooperative effort in which workingmen take part, typified respectively by the trade union, the coöperative store and the profit-sharing business, and including also such enterprises as associations of producers. building and loan associations, labor exchanges, fraternal insurance, etc., the course will embrace the consideration of the various miscellaneous efforts for the improvement of the laboring classes, such as the activities of the social settlement, the penny provident bank, manual training and industrial education.

As Chicago and its vicinity afford abundant material for the kinds of study called for by this course, each student will be expected to investigate and report on some particular undertaking.

 

  1. Practical Economics. Relation of the State to Industrial Organization and Action—Detailed investigation of industrial combinations or [p. 168] trusts as a leading type in the existing industrial organization. Lectures, Reading and Reports.

Mj. Summer Quarter; 11:00.
Professor Miller.

The province of government in regard to industrial operations will be given especial attention; and there will be a treatment of such topics as immigration, factory legislation, insurance of the laboring classes by the state, and the relation of government to monopolies and corporations.

 

  1. Socialism.—History of Socialistic Theories. Recent Socialistic Developments. Critical Review of Theoretical Writers, Programmes and Criticisms.—Lectures, Reading, and Reports.

Mj. Winter Quarter; 4:00
Assistant Professor Veblen.

The course is in part historical and descriptive, in part theoretical and critical. It comprises a review of the development of socialistic theory from the early years of the nineteenth century, and of modern socialistic movements down to the present. The theoretical writings of Marx, Rodbertus, and Lassalle will be taken up in detail; as also the criticisms offered by such writers as Schaeffle, Adler, and Spencer. Some attention will also be given to living popular writers, such as Gronlund, Bellamy, Bebel, Kautsky, and others. Practical work will be done with the platforms and programmes of socialistic organizations.

Attention will then be given to the alleged socialistic trend of development, to the economic factors in operation, and to the ethical aspect of the economic questions involved.

Students will be expected to make written reports and critical studies from time to time, in addition to selected reading. Those who have not carefully examined questions of value and distribution will be at a disadvantage in this course.

 

  1. Economic Factors in Civilization. — A general study of some phases of present Industrial Conditions.—Lectures and Reports.

Mj. Spring Quarter; 11:00.
Assistant Professor Veblen.

The course is intended to present a structural account of the modern economic system by the study of its roots in the past. To this end it undertakes a survey of the cultural development as affected by economic motives and exigencies. The work will be largely one of research, in which the instructor will constantly direct the reading of the student.

Salient points in the history of mankind will be examined with the purpose of detecting the operation of economic causes and showing how these causes have acted to shape the growth of civilization and produce the existing industrial situation. With this in view, such phenomena as the Teutonic invasion of Europe, the Feudal system, the rise of commerce, the organization of trade and industry, the history of the condition of laborers, processes of production, and changes in consumption, will be treated.

 

  1. Finance.—Public Expenditures. Theories and Methods of Taxation. Public Debts. Financial Administration.

Mj. Autumn Quarter; 3:00.
Professor Miller.

In this course it is intended to make a comprehensive survey of the whole field of public finance. The course is primarily planned to meet the wants of those students who do not propose to extend their studies in finance beyond one course. It is, at the same time, intended to form an introduction to the seminary work in finance.

The treatment is both theoretical and practical, and the method of presentation historical as well as systematic. A brief review will be made of the growth and present state of the public expenditures of leading modern nations and the methods used for defraying them. Taxation, holding the place of first importance among the resources of the modern state, will be the principal subject of the course. A critical estimate of the theories of leading writers will be made with a view to discovering a tenable basis of taxation. Principles are discussed, the various kinds of taxes examined, and their complementary functions in a system of taxes determined; and the practical success which has attended the methods employed in different countries will be investigated. This part of the course will be, therefore, very largely a comparative study of the tax systems of the principal modern states. In this connection special attention will be given to the problems of state and local taxation in America. All questions will be discussed from the twofold standpoint of justice and expediency.

The remaining parts of the course treat of the organization and methods of financial administration, the formal control of public expenditures by means of the budget, the growth of public debts and their economic and social effects. The various problems involved in the management of public debts, such as methods of borrowing, conversion and reduction will [p. 169] be considered; and the methods practiced in our own and other countries will be described.

 

  1. 26. Oral Debates. — Selected Economic Topics. Briefs. Debates-Criticism.

3 hrs. a week; Mon., 3:00.
2Ms. Autumn and Winter Quarters.
Assistant Professors Hill
and Lovett.

The object of the course is to afford practice in the oral presentation of arguments. The work consists of the preparation of briefs, the delivery of fifteen-minute speeches as principal disputant, and the delivery of five-minute speeches. Each student will appear as principal three times in the quarter. Course 26 is designed to be taken in connection with English 9, but may be elected separately by permission of the instructors. 

 

  1. 28. Argumentation.—To be taken in connection with English 9.

3 hrs. a week; Wed.,3:00.
2Ms. Autumn and Winter Quarters.
Assistant Professor Lovett.

 

  1. Railway Transportation. —History and Development of Railways. Theories of Rates. Combination. Investments. Speculative Management. State Ownership or Control. —Lectures, Reports, Discussions. and Reading.

Mj. Autumn Quarter; 9:30.
Assistant Professor Hill.

The economic, financial and social influences arising from the growth of modern railway transportation, especially as concerns the United States, will be discussed. An account of the means of transportation developed in Europe and America during the early part of this century; the experiments of the states in constructing and operating canals and railways; national, state and municipal aid to private companies; the rapid and irregular extension of the United States railway system in recent years, with some attention to railway building in other countries, will form the historical part of the work. A discussion of various theories of rates; competition, combination, discrimination, investments, speculation, abuse of fiduciary powers; state legislation and commissions, and the Inter-State Commerce Act, with decisions under it; and the various relations of the state, the public, the investors, the managers and the employés, will form the most important part of the Work. This course gives a general view of the subject. Students who wish to continue the work by investigating special problems will have an opportunity to do so under Courses 31, 32, 51 and 52.

 

  1. Comparative Railway Legislation. — Lectures, Reading, and Reports.

Mj. Winter Quarter; 8:30.
Assistant Professor Hill.

It is the aim of this course to give the student, who has already passed satisfactorily in Course 30, a study of the development and present nature of the railway systems of Great Britain. France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, Brazil, and Australia. From this comparative examination it will be learned what light the experience of other countries will throw upon our own railway problems.

Open only to those students who have taken Course 30.

 

  1. Technique of Trade and Commerce.—Weights and measures; customs regulations; exchange and price quotations; commercial documents; foreign and domestic exchange; arbitrage; accounts; investment securities ; insurance, etc.

Mj. Spring Quarter.
Dr. Hatfield.

An attempt to familiarize the student with the actual forms and methods used in modern exchange. Especial attention will be given to the interpretation of railway and other corporation accounts, and to the use and construction of exchange and conversion tables, cambists, bond values, annuity tables, etc.

 

 

  1. Industrial Development of the United States. Reading, Reports, and Lectures.

Mj. Winter Quarter.
Assistant Professor Hill.

A study is made of the distribution of population among the important industries at different periods of our development, and a comparison is made of the wages and profits secured by the different groups. The effects of changing from extractive industries to manufactures are traced, and an attempt is made to test by our experience the view that manufactures are introduced in a new country only as extractive industries become less profitable. The influence of legislation in shaping the industrial development of the nation is sought. The forces which determine the location and prosperity of industries are studied, with [p. 170] special attention to transportation facilities, and the effect upon our exports and imports of the changes in our industries will be dwelt upon.

 

 

  1. Problems of American Agriculture.—Movements of Prices. Foreign Competition. Changing Conditions of Agriculture. Land Tenure—Lectures, Reading, and Reports.

Mj. Spring Quarter; 4:00.
Assistant Professor Veblen.

Special attention will be given to the extension and changes of the cultivated area of the United States; the methods of farming; the influence of railways and population, and of cheapened transportation ; the fall in values of Eastern farm-lands; movements of prices of agricultural products; European markets; competition of other countries; intensive farming; diminishing returns; farm mortgages; and the comparison of American with European systems of culture. Reports will be prepared by students on topics assigned.

 

 

  1. Financial History of the United States.—Rapid Survey of the Financial Experiences of the Colonies and the Confederation. Detailed Study of the Course of American Legislation on Currency, Debts. and Banking since 1789.—Lectures and Reports.

Mj. Winter Quarter; 3:00.
Professor Miller.

Without excluding the history of taxation, this course concerns itself chiefly with the history of our national legislation on currency, loans and banking. The study will be based upon a careful examination at first hand of the leading provisions of the Acts of Congress and other materials important in our financial history. These will be reviewed from the political as well as from the financial standpoints, it being one of the objects of the course to develop the relation between finance and politics in our history. Special attention will be given to Hamilton’s system of finance and the changes introduced by Gallatin, to the financial policy of the War of 1812, to the establishment of the Second United States Bank and the struggles over its re-charter, to the crisis of 1837-1839 and the establishment of the independent Treasury, to the financial problems and management of the Civil War; to the establishment of the national banking system, the refunding and reduction of the debt and the resumption of specie payments.

 

 

  1. Money and Practical Economics. — Training in the Theoretical and Historical Investigation of Important Questions of the Day.—Lectures and Theses.

Mj. Autumn Quarter; 12:00.
Professor Laughlin.

Preliminary training for investigation is combined in this course with the acquisition of desirable statistical information on practical questions of the day. The student is instructed in the bibliography of the subject, taught how to collect his data, and expected to weigh carefully the evidence on both sides of a mooted question. The short theses form a connected series and give practice in written exposition as well as in the graphic representation of statistics. Mere compilation is objected to, and the student is urged to reach his conclusions independently and solely on the facts before him. Fresh and independent judgments are encouraged. The work of writing theses is so adjusted that it corresponds to the work of other courses counting for the same number of hours. The instructor criticises the theses before the class, and members of the class are called upon to lecture on the subjects of their theses and to answer questions from their fellow-students.

The subjects taken up will be chosen from the following: money, prices, bimetallism, note-issues, shipping, and commercial crises.

 

 

  1. Banking.—Comparison of Modern Systems. Study of Principles—Lectures, Reports, and Discussion.

Mj. Spring Quarter; 9:30.
Assistant Professor Hill.

A comparison of the banking systems of the United States, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and other countries will be made, with special attention to the manner in which each meets the problems of currency (coin, note, and deposit), reserves, discount, and exchange. The relations of the banks to the public, their influence on speculation, their management in financial crises, special dangers, and most efficient safe-guards will be discussed. Relative advantages and different fields of action for national banks, state banks, deposit and trust companies, and savings banks will be noted. A few lectures will be given on the history of banking.

Each student will present a thesis upon some subject connected with the course.

 

 

  1. Statistics

M. Winter Quarter.
Mr. Worthington C. Ford.

The purpose of this course is to familiarize students with the use of statistics as an instrument of investi-[p. 171] gation and exposition in social, political, and economic science; to qualify them to judge of the value of results obtained by statistical methods ; and to enable them to use such methods themselves intelligently and with some degree of skill.

Together with the necessity for uniformity of method in systematic statistics and comparability of data, graphical methods and cartography, attention will be drawn to the technique of statistics. Demonstrations with actual statistical material being the most satisfactory method of statistical instruction, particular stress will be laid on this feature of the course. The course, therefore, will be practical and not historical or descriptive.

 

  1. Commercial Statistics.

M. Winter Quarter.
Mr. Worthington C. Ford.

A statistical treatment of modern commercial questions. Contributions of a more advanced character than in Course 40 will be made to recent problems arising from the commercial development of the United States.

 

THE SEMINARS.

 

Under this head are placed the arrangements for Fellows, graduates, and suitably prepared persons, who wish to carry on special researches under the guidance of the instructors. Candidates for the higher degrees will find in the seminar 8. means of regularly obtaining criticism and suggestion. It is hoped that each member of the seminar will steadily produce from time to time finished work suitable for publication. Emphasis will be placed on accurate and detailed work upon obscure or untouched points.

Students may carry on an independent study upon some special subject, making regular reports to the instructor; or several students may be grouped for the study of a series of connected subjects. But, in general, the work of the student engaged in investigations will receive direct personal supervision from the instructor, appointments being made with individual students.

 

 

  1. Seminar in Finance.

Mj. Winter Quarter.
Professor Miller.

The Seminar is organized for such students as wish to undertake work of the investigative order in finance. Each student will be expected to present to the seminar a carefully prepared thesis embodying the results of independent research on some topic relating to the particular subject chosen by the members of the seminar‘ for joint investigation. Stated meetings will be held, at which questions will be proposed for discussion and lectures given by the instructor on the common work of the seminar. Separate meetings will also be arranged for with the individual members of the seminar, and the work of each student personally supervised.

Two seminars will be organized, each extending over two quarters, students being grouped according to the subject selected. For the year 1900-1901 the two following subjects are proposed :

  1. Special Problems in Taxation: Comparative study of systems of local taxation.
  2. Financial Administration: Comparative study of the budgetary systems of different countries.

 

  1. and 52. Seminar in Railways.

2Mjs. Winter and Spring Quarters.
Assistant Professor Hill.

 

  1. 54. and 55. Economic Seminar

3Mjs. Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters.
Professor Laughlin.

Provision is here made for special investigation, either by groups of students or by individuals, on selected topics. Constructive work on theory, or studies on practical questions, will be guided by the instructor. Candidates for the higher degrees will receive personal attention.

Categories
Columbia Courses Curriculum

Columbia Economics. Course Offerings. 1905-07

 

 

An improved version of the following artfact has been posted here.

 

Courses Offered by the
FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
and the several undergraduate faculties

Announcement
1905-07

Fifth Series, No. 10               March 25, 1905

Columbia University
Bulletin of Information

History, Economics and Public Law

Hathitrust copy

________________________

[p.3]
OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION
FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, Ph.D., LL.D., President

JOHN W. BURGESS, Ph.D., LL.D., Ruggles Professor of Political Science and Constitutional Law, and Dean

MUNROE SMITH, J.U.D., LL.D., Professor of Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

FRANK J. GOODNOW, LL.D., Eaton Professor of Administrative Law and Municipal Science

EDWIN R. A. SELIGMAN [Absent on leave in 1905-06], Ph.D., LL.D., McVickar Professor of Political Economy

HERBERT L. OSGOOD, Ph.D., Professor of History

WILLIAM A. DUNNING, Ph.D., LL.D., Lieber Professor of History and Political Philosophy

JOHN BASSETT MOORE, LL.D., Hamilton Fish Professor of International Law and Diplomacy

FRANKLIN H. GIDDINGS, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Sociology

JOHN B. CLARK, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Political Economy

JAMES HARVEY ROBINSON, Ph.D., Professor of History

WILLIAM M. SLOANE, Ph.D., L. H.D., LL.D., Seth Low Professor of History

HENRY R. SEAGER, Ph.D., Professor of Political Economy, and Secretary

HENRY L. MOORE, Ph.D., Adjunct Professor of Political Economy

WILLIAM R. SHEPHERD, Ph.D., Adjunct Professor of History

JAMES T. SHOTWELL [Absent on leave in 1905-06.], Ph.D., Adjunct Professor of History

GEORGE W. BOTSFORD, Ph.D., Adjunct Professor of History

VLADIMIR G. SIMKHOVITCH, Ph.D., Adjunct Professor of Economic History

EDWARD THOMAS DEVINE, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Social Economy

 

OTHER OFFICERS

RICHARD J. H. GOTTHEIL, Ph.D., Professor of the Semitic Languages

A. V. WILLIAMS JACKSON, L.H.D., Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Indo-Iranian Languages

EDWARD H. CASTLE, A.M., Professor of History in Teachers College

JOHN D. PRINCE, Ph.D., Professor of the Semitic Languages

FRIEDRICH HIRTH, Ph.D., Dean Lung Professor of Chinese

ARTHUR C. MCGIPFERT, Ph.D., D.D., Washburn Professor of Church History in Union Theological Seminary

FREDERICK JOSEPH KINSMAN, Professor of History in the General Theological Seminary

ALVIN S. JOHNSON, Ph.D., Instructor in Economics

GEORGE J. BAYLES, Ph.D., Lecturer in Ecclesiology

ELSIE CLEWS PARSONS, Ph.D., Lecturer in Sociology in Barnard College

LOUISE R. LOOMIS, A.M., Lecturer in History in Barnard College

CHARLES A. BEARD, Ph.D., Lecturer in History

PAUL L. HAWORTH, Ph.D., Tutor in History in Teachers College

[p.4]

GENERAL STATEMENT

Students are received as candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy under the Faculty of Political Science; for the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science either in Columbia College or in Barnard College, and for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Teachers College. They are also permitted to pursue special or partial courses subject to the regulations of the Faculty in which they may register.

Certain courses which may be counted toward the several degrees are also offered in the Summer Session of the University.

Students enrolled in the General, the Union, the Drew, or the Jewish, Theological Seminary, or in the School of Philanthropy in the City of New York, who may have been designated for the privilege by the authorities of these institutions, and accepted by the President of Columbia University, are admitted to the courses offered by the Faculty of Political Science free of all charge for tuition. These institutions offer reciprocal privileges to the students of Columbia University.

Teachers College, founded in 1888, and Barnard College, founded in 1889, have now become parts of the educational system of Columbia University.

Admission

There are no examinations for admission to the graduate courses under the Faculty of Political Science. Students are admitted at any time during the year. They must, however, present themselves for registration at the opening of the first or second half-year in order to obtain full credit for residence. They may present themselves for examination for a degree whenever the requirements as to residence, and as to an essay or dissertation, have been complied with. For details see the announcement of the Faculties of Political Science, Philosophy, and Pure Science, which may be had on application to the Secretary of the University.

For conditions of admission to Columbia College, Barnard College, or Teachers College, see the circular upon entrance examinations, which may be had upon application to the Secretary of the University.

Those graduate courses which are open to undergraduates, are closed to women students unless given separately at Barnard College; but all purely graduate courses in History and Economics are open to women graduate students who have the first degree.

Students who register for graduate courses are supposed to be familiar with the outlines of European history, ancient and modern, as well as of American history. Students who are not thus prepared are strongly recommended to take the undergraduate courses.

[p.5]

Courses numbered from 1 to 99 are intended primarily for under- graduates and may not be counted towards the advanced degrees. Courses numbered from 100 to 199 are intended for both graduates and undergraduates. Courses numbered 200 and above are intended primarily for graduates. Odd numbers prefixed to courses indicate that they are given in the first half-year; even numbers that they are given in the second half-year. Courses which run through the year are given a double number.

For information with regard to degrees, fees, fellowships, scholarships, and expense of living, see the appropriate announcement either of the Faculties of Political Science, Philosophy and Pure Science, or of Columbia, Barnard, or Teachers College.

ABRIDGED ACADEMIC CALENDAR

The Academic year begins thirty-seven weeks prior to Commencement, which occurs on the Wednesday nearest the 11th of June. For 1905-06 these dates will be, respectively, September 27, 1905, and June 13, 1906. It is divided into two half-years of fifteen weeks of instruction each. In 1905-06 the second half-year begins on February 5, 1906.

The exercises of the University are suspended on Election Day, Thanksgiving Day and the following two days, for two weeks at Christmas, from the Thursday before Good Friday through the following Monday, and on Memorial Day.

The complete Academic Calendar will be found in the University catalogue and so far as it refers to the students studying under any Faculty, in the announcement of that Faculty.

[…]

[p. 24]

GROUP III—ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

GRADUATE COURSES

It is presumed that students who take economics, sociology or social economy as their major subject are familiar with the general principles of economics and sociology as set forth in the ordinary manuals. Students who are not thus prepared are recommended to take the courses in Columbia College or Barnard College designated as Economics I and 2 (or A and 4) and Sociology 151-152.

The graduate courses fall under three subjects: A—Political Economy and Finance ; B—Sociology and Statistics; C—Social Economy.

Courses numbered 100 to 199 are open to Seniors in Columbia College.

Courses numbered 200 and above are open to graduate women students upon the same terms as to men.

All the courses are open to male auditors. Women holding the first degree may register as auditors in Courses numbered 200 and above.

Subject A—Political Economy and Finance

ECONOMICS 101-102—Taxation and Finance. Professor SELIGMAN.
M. and W. at 1.30. 422 L.

This course is historical, as well as comparative and critical. After giving a general introduction and tracing the history of the science of finance, it treats of the various rules of the public expenditures and the methods of meeting the same among civilized nations. It describes the different kinds of public revenues, including the public domain and public property, public works and industrial undertakings, special assessments, fees, and taxes. It is in great part a course on the history, theories, and methods of taxation in all civilized countries. It considers also public debt, methods of borrowing, redemption, refunding, repudiation, etc. Finally, it describes the fiscal organization of the state by which the revenue is collected and expended, and discusses the budget, national, state, and local. Although the course is comparative, the point of view is American. Students are furnished with the current public documents of the United States Treasury and the chief financial reports of the leading commonwealths, and are expected to understand all the facts in regard to public debt, revenue, and expenditure contained therein.

Given in 1906-07 and in each year thereafter.

 

ECONOMICS 103—Money and Banking. Professor H. L. MOORE.
Tu. and Th. at 10.30, first half-year. 415 L.

The aim of this course is (i) to describe the mechanism of exchange and to trace the history of the metallic money, the paper money, and

[p. 25]

the banking system of the United States; to discuss such questions as bi-metallism, foreign exchanges, credit cycles, elasticity of the currency, present currency problems, and corresponding schemes of reform; (2) to illustrate the quantitative treatment of such questions as variations in the value of the money unit, and the effects of appreciation and depreciation.

 

ECONOMICS 104—Commerce and Commercial Policy. Dr. JOHNSON.
Tu. and Th. at 10.30, second half-year. 415 L.

In this course the economic bases of modern commerce, and the significance of commerce, domestic and foreign, in its relation to American industry, will be studied. An analysis will be made of the extent and character of the foreign trade of the United States, and the nature and effect of the commercial policies of the principal commercial nations will be examined.

 

ECONOMICS 105—The Labor Problem. Professor SEAGER.
Tu. and Th. at 11.30, first half-year. 415 L.

The topics considered in this course are: The rise of the factory system, factory legislation, the growth of trade unions and changes in the law in respect to them, the policies of trade unions, strikes, lockouts, arbitration and conciliation, proposed solutions of the labor problem, and the future of labor in the United States.

Given in 1906-07 and in alternate years thereafter.

 

ECONOMICS 106—The Trust Problem. Professor SEAGER.
Tu. and Th. at 11.30, second half-year. 415 L.

In this course special attention is given to the trust problem as it presents itself in the United States. Among the topics considered are the rise and progress of industrial combinations, the forms of organization and policies of typical combinations, the common law and the trusts, anti-trust acts and their results, and other proposed solutions of the problem.

Given in 1906-07 and in alternate years thereafter.

 

[ECONOMICS 107—Fiscal and Industrial History of the United States. Professor SELIGMAN
M. and W. at 3.30, first half-year. 415 L.

This course endeavors to present a survey of national legislation on currency, finance, and taxation, including the tariff, together with its relations to the state of industry and commerce. The chief topics discussed are: The fiscal and industrial conditions of the colonies; the financial methods of the Revolution and the Confederation; the genesis of the protective idea; the fiscal policies of the Federalists and of the Republicans; the financial management of the War of 1812; the industrial effects of the restrictive and war periods; the crises of 1819, 1825, and 1837; the tariffs of 1816, 1824, and 1828; the distribution of the surplus and the Bank war; the currency problems before 1863; the era of

[p. 26]

“free trade,” and the tariffs of 1846 and 1857; the fiscal problems of the Civil War; the methods of resumption, conversion and payment of the debt; the disappearance of the war taxes; the continuance of the war tariffs; the money question and the acts of 1878, 1890, and 1900; the loans of 1894-96; the tariffs of 1890, 1894, and 1897; the fiscal aspects of the Spanish War. The course closes with a discussion of the current problems of currency and trade, and with a general consideration of the arguments for and against protection as illustrated by the practical operations of the various tariffs. Not given in 1905-07.]

 

[ECONOMICS 108— Railroad Problems; Economic, Social, and Legal. Professor SELIGMAN.
M. and W. at 3.30, second half-year. 415 L.

These lectures treat of railroads in the fourfold aspect of their relation to the investors, the employees, the public, and the state respectively. A history of railways and railway policy in America and Europe forms the preliminary part of the course. The chief problems of railway management, so far as they are of economic importance, come up for discussion.

Among the subjects treated are: Financial methods, railway constructions, speculation, profits, failures, accounts and reports, expenses, tariffs, principles of rates, classification and discrimination, competition and pooling, accidents, and employers’ liability. Especial attention is paid to the methods of regulation and legislation in the United States as compared with European methods, and the course closes with a general discussion of state versus private management.

Not given in 1905-07.]

 

ECONOMICS 109 — Communistic and Socialistic Theories. Professor CLARK.
Tu. and Th. at 2.30, first half-year. 406 L.

This course studies the theories of St. Simon, Fourier, Proudhon, Rodbertus, Marx, Lassalle, and others. It aims to utilize recent discoveries in economic science in making a critical test of these theories themselves and of certain counter-arguments. It examines the socialistic ideals of distribution, and the effects that, by reason of natural laws, would follow an attempt to realize them through the action of the state.

 

ECONOMICS 110 — Theories of Social Reform. Professor CLARK.
Tu. and Th. at 2.30, second half-year. 406 L.

This course treats of certain plans for the partial reconstruction of industrial society that have been advocated in the United States, and endeavors to determine what reforms are in harmony with economic principles. It treats of the proposed single tax, of the measures advocated by the Farmers’ Alliance, and of those proposed by labor organizations, and the general relation of the state to industry.

[p. 27]

ECONOMICS 201—Economic Readings I: Classical English Economists. Professor SEAGER.
Tu. and Th. at 11.30, first half-year. 415 L.

In this course the principal theories of the English economists from Adam Smith to John Stuart Mill are studied by means of lectures, assigned readings and reports, and discussions. Special attention is given to the Wealth of Nations, Malthus’s Essay on Population, the bullion controversy of 1810, the corn law controversy of 1815, and the treatises on Political Economy of Ricardo, Senior, and John Stuart Mill.

Given in 1905-06 and in alternate years thereafter.

 

ECONOMICS 202—Economic Readings II: Contemporary Economists. Professor SEAGER.
Tu. and Th. at 11.30, second half-year. 415 L.

In this course the theories of contemporary economists are compared and studied by the same methods employed in Economics 201. Special attention is given to Böhm-Bawerk’s Positive Theory of Capital and Marshall’s Principles of Economics.

Given in 1905-06 and in alternate years thereafter.

 

ECONOMICS 203-204—History of Economics. Professor SELIGMAN.
M. and W. at 3.30. 415 L.

In this course the various systems of political economy are discussed in their historical development. The chief exponents of the different schools are taken up in their order, and especial attention is directed to the wider aspects of the connection between the theories and the organization of the existing industrial society. The chief writers discussed are:

I.     Antiquity: The Oriental Codes; Plato, Aristotle, Xenophon, Cato, Seneca, Cicero, the Agrarians, the Jurists.

II.   Middle Ages: The Church Fathers, Aquinas, the Glossators, the writers on money, trade, and usury.

III. Mercantilists: Hales, Mun, Petty, Barbon, North, Locke; Bodin, Vauban, Boisguillebert, Forbonnais; Serra, Galiani; Justi, Sonnenfels.

IV.  Physiocrats: Quesnay, Gournay, Turgot, Mirabeau.

V.   Adam Smith and precursors: Tucker, Hume, Cantillon, Stewart.

VI.  English school: Malthus, Ricardo, Senior, McCulloch, Chalmers, Jones, Mill.

VII. The Continent: Say, Sismondi, Cournot, Bastiat; Herrmann, List, von Thünen.

VIII. German historical school: Roscher, Knies, Hildebrandt.

IX.   Recent Development—England: Rogers, Jevons, Cairnes, Bagehot, Leslie, Toynbee, Marshall; Germany: Wagner, Schmoller, Held, Brentano, Cohn, Schäffle; Austria: Menger, Sax, Böhm-Bawerk, Wieser; France: Leroy Beaulieu, Laveleye, Gide, Walras; Italy: Cossa, Loria, Pantaleoni; America: Carey, George, Walker, Clark, Patten, Adams.

Given in 1906-07 and in alternate years thereafter.

[p. 28]

ECONOMICS 205—Economic Theory I. Professor CLARK.
M. and W. at 2.30, first half-year. 406 L.

This course discusses, first, the static laws of distribution. If the processes of industry were not changing, wages and industry would tend to adjust themselves according to certain standards. A study of the mechanism of production would then show that one part of the product is specifically attributable to labor, and that another part is imputable to capital. It is the object of the course to show that the tendency of free competition, under such conditions, is to give to labor, in the form of wages, the amount that it specifically creates, and also to give to capital, in the form of interest, what it specifically produces. The theory undertakes to prove that the earnings of labor and of capital are governed by a principle of final productivity, and that this principle must be studied on a social scale, rather than in any one department of production. The latter part of this course enters the field of Economic Dynamics, defines an economic society and describes the forces which so act upon it as to change its structure and its mode of producing and distributing wealth.

 

ECONOMICS 206—Economic Theory II. Professor CLARK.
M. and W. at 2.30, second half-year. 406 L.

This course continues the discussion of the dynamic laws of distribution. The processes of industry are actually progressing. Mechanical invention, emigration and other influences cause capital and labor to be applied in new ways and with enlarging results. These influences do not even repress the action of the static forces of distribution, but they bring a new set of forces into action. They create, first, employers’ profits, and, later, additions to wages and interest. It is the object of the course to show how industrial progress affects the several shares in distribution under a system of competition, and also to determine whether the consolidations of labor and capital, which are a distinctive feature of modern industry, have the effect of repressing competition.

It is a further purpose of the course to present the natural laws by which the increase of capital and that of labor are governed and to discuss the manner in which the earnings of these agents are affected by the action of the state, and to present at some length the character and the effects of those obstructions which pure economic law encounters in the practical world.

 

ECONOMICS 207—Theory of Statistics. Professor H. L. MOORE.
Tu. and Th. at 1.30, first half-year. 418 L.

The aim of this course is to present the elementary principles of statistics and to illustrate their application by concrete studies in the chief sources of statistical material. The theoretical part of the course

[p. 29]

includes the study of averages, index numbers, interpolation, principles of the graphic method, elements of demography, and statistical principles of insurance. The laboratory work consists of a graded series of problems designed to develop accuracy and facility in the application of principles. (Identical with Sociology 255.)

 

ECONOMICS 208—Quantitative Economics I: Advanced Statistics. Professor H. L. MOORE.
W. and F. at 11.30, second half-year. 418 L.

Quantitative Economics I and II (see Economics 210) investigate economics as an exact science. This course treats economics from the inductive, statistical side. It aims to show how the methods of quantitative biology and anthropology are utilized in economics and sociology. Special attention is given to recent contributions to statistical theory by Gallon, Edgeworth, and Pearson. Economics 207, or an equivalent, is a prerequisite.

Given in 1905-06 and in alternate years thereafter.

 

ECONOMICS 210—Quantitative Economics II: Mathematical Economics. Professor H. L. MOORE.
W. and F. at 11.30, second half-year. 418 L.

This course treats economics from the deductive side. It aims to show the utility of an analytical treatment of economic laws expressed in symbolic form. The work of Cournot is presented and used as a basis for the discussion of the contributions to the mathematical method by Walras, Marshall, and Pareto. Economics 207, or an equivalent, is a prerequisite.

Given in 1906-07 and in alternate years thereafter.

 

ECONOMICS 241—The Economic and Social Evolution of Russia since 1800. Professor SIMKHOVITCH.
M. and F. at 9.30, first half-year. 418 L.

This course describes the economic development of the country, the growth of slavophil, liberal and revolutionary doctrines and parties, and the disintegration of the autocratic regime. (Identical with History 281.)

 

ECONOMICS 242—Radicalism and Social Reform as Reflected in the Literature of the Nineteenth Century. Professor SIMKHOVITCH.
M. at 9.30 and 10.30, second half-year. 418 L.

An interpretation of the various types of modern radicalism, such as socialism, nihilism, and anarchism, and of the social and economic conditions on which they are based.

 

ECONOMICS 291-292—Seminar in Political Economy and Finance. Professors SELIGMAN and CLARK.
For advanced students. Tu., 8.15-10.15 P.M. 301 L.

[p. 30]

Subject B—Sociology and Statistics

SOCIOLOGY 151-152—Principles of Sociology. Professor GIDDINGS.
Tu. and Th. at 3.30. 415 L.

This is a fundamental course, intended to lay a foundation for advanced work. In the first half-year, in connection with a text-book study of theory, lectures are given on the social traits, organization, and welfare of the American people at various stages of their history and students are required to analyze and classify sociological material of live interest, obtained from newspapers, reviews, and official reports. In the second half-year lectures are given on the sociological systems of important writers, including Montesquieu, Comte, Spencer, Schäffle, De Greef, Gumplowicz, Ward, and Tarde. This course is the proper preparation for statistical sociology (Sociology 255 and 256) or for historical sociology (Sociology 251 and 252).

 

SOCIOLOGY 251—Social Evolution—Ethnic and Civil Origins. Professor GIDDINGS
F. at 2.30 and 3.30, first half-year. 415 L.

This course on historical sociology deals with such topics as (i) the distribution and ethnic composition of primitive populations ; (2) the types of mind and of character, the capacity for cooperation, the cultural beliefs, and the economic, legal, and political habits of early peoples ; (3) early forms of the family, the origins, structure, and functions of the clan, the organization of the tribe, the rise of the tribal federations, tribal feudalism, and the conversion of a gentile into a civil plan of social organization. Early literature, legal codes, and chronicles, descriptive of the Celtic and Teutonic groups which combined to form the English people before the Norman Conquest, are the chief sources made use of in this course.

 

SOCIOLOGY 252—Social Evolution—Civilization, Progress, and Democracy. Professor GIDDINGS.
F. at 2.30 and 3.30, second half-year. 415 L.

This course, which is a continuation of Sociology 251, comprises three parts, namely: (i) The nature of those secondary civilizations which are created by conquest, and of the policies by which they seek to maintain and to extend themselves; (2) an examination of the nature of progress and of its causes, including the rise of discussion and the growth of public opinion ; also a consideration of the policies by which continuing progress is ensured,—including measures for the expansion of intellectual freedom, for the control of arbitrary authority by legality, for the repression of collective violence, and for the control of collective impulse by deliberation ; (3) a study of the nature, the genesis, and the social organization of modern democracies, including an examination of the extent to which non-political associations for culture and pleasure, churches, business corporations, and labor unions, are more or less democratic; and of the democratic ideals of equality and fraternity in their relations

[p. 31]

to social order and to liberty. The documents of English history since the Norman Conquest are the chief sources made use of in this course.

 

SOCIOLOGY 255—Theory of Statistics. Professor H. L. MOORE.
Tu. and Th. at 1.30, first half-year. 418 L.
This course is identical with Economics 207 (see pages 28-29).

 

SOCIOLOGY 256—Social Statistics. Professor GIDDINGS.
Tu. and Th. at 1.30, second half-year. 418 L.

Actual statistical materials, descriptive and explanatory of contemporaneous societies, are the subject-matter of this course, which presupposes a knowledge of statistical operations (Sociology 255) and applies it to the analysis of concrete problems. The lectures cover such topics as (i) the statistics of population, including densities and migrations, composition by age, sex, and nationality, amalgamation by intermarriage; (2) statistics of mental traits and products, including languages, religious preferences, economic preferences (occupations), and political preferences; (3) statistics of social organization, including families, households, municipalities, churches, business corporations, labor unions, courts of law, army, navy, and civil service; (4) statistics of social welfare, including peace and war, prosperity, education or illiteracy, vitality, and morality, including pauperism and crime.

 

SOCIOLOGY 259—Ecclesiology. Dr. BAYLES.
Tu. and F. at 4.30, first half-year. 405 L.

The purpose of this course is to define the present relations of the ecclesiastical institutions to the other institutions of American society: the state, the government, marriage, family, education, and public wealth. An analysis is made of the guarantees of religious liberty contained in the federal and commonwealth constitutions; of the civil status of churches in terms of constitutional and statute law; of the methods of incorporation, of the functions of trustees, of legislative and judicial control ; of denominational polity according to its type ; of the functional activity of churches in their departments of legislation, administration, adjudication, discipline, and mission ; of the influence of churches on ethical standards ; of the distribution of nationalities among the denominations, of the territorial distribution of denominational strength, of the relation of polity to density of population, and of the current movements in and between various organizations tending toward changes of functions and structure.

 

SOCIOLOGY 279-280—Seminar in Sociology. Professor GIDDINGS.
W. at 3.30 and 4.30, bi-weekly. 301 L.

The Statistical Laboratory, conducted by Professors GIDDINGS and H. L. MOORE, is equipped with the Hollerith tabulating machines, comptometers, and other modern facilities.

[p. 32]

Subject C—Social Economy

SOCIAL ECONOMY 281—Poverty and Dependence. Professor DEVINE.
Th. and F. at 4.30, first half-year. 418 L.

The purpose of this course and of Social Economy 282, which follows, is to study dependence and measures of relief, and to analyze the more important movements which aim to improve social conditions. An at- tempt is made to measure the extent of dependence, both in its definite forms, as in charitable and penal institutions, and in its less recognized and definite forms, as when it results in the lowering of the standard of living or the placing of unreasonably heavy burdens upon children or widows. Among the special classes of social debtors which are studied, besides the paupers, the vagrants, the dissipated, and the criminals, who require discipline or segregation as well as relief, are: Orphans and other dependent children; the sick and disabled; the aged and infirm; the widow and the deserted family; the immigrant and the displaced laborer; the underfed and consequently short-lived worker.

Given in 1905—06 and in alternate years thereafter.

 

SOCIAL ECONOMY 282—Principles of Relief. Professor DEVINE.
Th. and F. at 4.30, second half-year. 418 L.

In this course the normal standard of living is considered concretely to secure a basis from which deficiencies may be estimated. A large number of individual typical relief problems are presented, and from these, by a “case system,” analogous to that of the modern law school, the principles of relief are deduced. Among the larger movements to be considered are: Charity organization; social settlements; housing re- form; the elimination of disease; the restriction of child labor; and the prevention of overcrowding, and especially the congestion of population in the tenement-house districts of the great cities.

Given in 1903-06 and in alternate years thereafter.

 

SOCIAL ECONOMY 283—Pauperism and Poor Laws. Professor SEAGER.
M. at 3.30 and 4.30, first half-year. 418 L.

This is an historical and comparative course intended to supplement Social Economy 281 and 282. Lectures on the history of the English poor law are followed by discussions of farm colonies, the boarding-out system for children, old-age pensions, and other plans of relief currently advocated in England. On this basis the public relief problems of New York State and City and the institutions attempting their solution are studied by means of excursions, lectures, and discussions.

 

SOCIAL ECONOMY 285—The Standard of Living. Professor DEVINE.
Th. and F. at 4.30, first half-year. 418 L.

A concrete study of the standard of living in New York City in the classes which are above the line of actual dependence, but below or near the line of full nutrition and economic independence. While this course

[p. 33]

will not be given in the year 1905-06, assignments will be made in the School of Philanthropy for research in such portions of this field as suit- ably prepared students may elect to undertake.

Given in 1906-07 and in alternate years thereafter.

 

SOCIAL ECONOMY 286—The Prevention and Diminution of Crime. Professor DEVINE.
Th. and F. at 4.30, second half-year. 418 L.

This course will deal with the social function of the penal and police systems. Special attention will be given to such subjects as juvenile courts; the probation system; indeterminate sentence; treatment of discharged prisoners; the system of local jails; segregation of incorrigibles, and prison labor.

Given in 1906-07 and in alternate years thereafter.

 

SOCIAL ECONOMY 290—Crime and Criminal Anthropology. Professor GlDDINGS.

Students desiring to make a special study of crime, criminal anthropology, and the theory of criminal responsibility may take the lectures of Sociology 256 or of Social Economy 286 and follow prescribed readings under the direction of Professor GIDDINGS.

 

SOCIAL ECONOMY 299-300—Seminar in Social Economy. Professor DEVINE.
Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

The work of the Seminar for 1905-07 will be a study of recent develop- ments in the social and philanthropic activities of New York City; e. g., the social settlements; parks and playgrounds ; outside activities of pub- lic schools; children’s institutions ; relief societies ; agencies for the aid of immigrants, and the preventive work of organized charities.

 

COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY

The School of Philanthropy, conducted by the Charity Organization Society, under the direction of Professor Devine, offers courses [These courses are given in the United Charities Building, corner Fourth Avenue and 22d Street] aggregating not less than ten hours a week throughout the academic year, and also a Summer School course of six weeks in June and July. These courses are open to regular students of Columbia University who satisfy the director that they are qualified to pursue them with profit, and are accepted as a minor for candidates for an advanced degree.

The program of studies for 1905-06 is as follows:

A—General survey (forty lectures) ; B—Dependent families (fifty lectures); C—Racial traits and social conditions (thirty-five lectures); D—Constructive social work (fifty lectures) ; £—Child-helping agencies (forty lectures); F—Treatment of the criminal (thirty lectures); G—Administration of charitable and educational institutions (thirty lectures); H—The State in its relation to charities and correction (forty lectures).

[p. 34]

COURSES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE

ECONOMICS 1-2—Introduction to Economics—Practical Economic Problems. Professors SELIGMAN and SEAGER, and Dr. JOHNSON.
Section 1, M. and W. at 9.30, and F. at 11.30. Section 2, M., W., and F. at 11.30. M. and W. recitations in 415 L. F. lecture in 422 L.

 

COURSES IN BARNARD COLLEGE

ECONOMICS A—Outlines of Economics. Professor MOORE and Dr. JOHNSON.
Three hours, first half-year. Section 1, Tu., Th., and S. at 9.30. Section 2, Tu. and Th. at 11.30, and S. at 9.30.

 

ECONOMICS 4—Economic History of England and the United States. Professor MOORE and Dr. JOHNSON.
M., W., and F. at 10.30, second half-year.

 

ECONOMICS 105—The Labor Problem. Professor SEAGER.
Tu. and Th. at 1.30, first half-year. The topics treated in this course are the rise of the factory system, factory legislation, the growth of trade unions and changes in the law in respect to them, the policies of trade unions, strikes, lockouts, arbitration and conciliation, proposed solutions of the labor problem, and the future of labor in the United States.

 

ECONOMICS 120—Practical Economic Problems. Professor SEAGER.
Tu. and Th. at 1.30, second half-year.

The topics treated in this course are the defects in the monetary and banking systems of the United States, government expenditures and government revenues, protection vs. free trade, the relation of the government towards natural monopolies, and federal control of trusts.

 

ECONOMICS 121—English Social Reformers. Professor MOORE.
W. and F. at 1.30, first half-year.

A critical study of the social teachings of Carlyle, Ruskin, John Stuart Mill, Kingsley, and Thomas H. Green.
Open to students that have taken Course A or an equivalent.

 

ECONOMICS 122—Economic Theory. Professor MOORE.
W. and F. at 1.30, second half-year.

A critical study of Marshall’s Principles of Economics. The principal aim of this course is to present the methods and results of recent economic theory.
Open to students that have taken Course A or an equivalent.

[p. 35]

ECONOMICS 109—Communistic and Socialistic Theories. Professor CLARK.
Tu. and Th. at 11.30, first half-year.

In this course a brief study is made of the works of St. Simon, Fourier, Proudhon, Owen, and Lassalle, and a more extended study is made of Marx’s treatise on capital. Recent economic changes, such as the formation of trusts and strong trade unions, are examined with a view to ascertaining what effect they have had on the modern socialistic movement.

 

ECONOMICS 110—Theories of Social Reform. Professor CLARK.
Tu. and Th. at 11.30, second half-year.

In this course a study is made of modern semi-socialistic movements and of such reforms as have for their object the improvement of the condition of the working class. Municipal activities, factory legislation, the single tax, recent agrarian movements and measures for the regulation of monopolies are studied.

 

SOCIOLOGY 151-152—Principles of Sociology. Professor GIDDINGS.
Tu. and Th. at 2.30.

This is a fundamental course, intended to lay a foundation for advanced work. In the first half-year, in connection with a text-book study of theory, lectures are given on the social traits, organization, and welfare of the American people at various stages of their history, and students are required to analyze and classify sociological material of live interest, obtained from newspapers, reviews, and official reports. In the second half-year, lectures are given on the sociological systems of important writers, including Montesquieu, Comte, Spencer, Schäffle, De Greef, Gumplowicz, Ward, and Tarde.

 

SOCIOLOGY 153-154 —Family Organization. Dr. ELSIE CLEWS PARSONS.
Tu. at 3.30, bi-weekly.

Field work in the study of family groups. Consultations.
Open to Seniors.

In connection with the lectures and field work of this course opportunities are given to students to become acquainted with the more important private institutions for social betterment in New York City, and to study the organization and activity of the various public agencies charged with the welfare of the community.

 

COURSES IN THE SUMMER SESSION

sA—Economic History of England and America. Lectures, recitations, and essays. Dr. JOHNSON.
Five hours a week at 1.30. 501 F. Credit I
(Equivalent, when supplemented by prescribed reading, to Economics 4.)

[p. 36]

 

sB—Principles of Economics. Lectures and class discussions. Dr. JOHNSON.
Five hours a week at 2.30. 501 F. Credit I.
(Equivalent, when supplemented by prescribed reading, to Economics I.)

 

sA1—Principles of Sociology. Descriptive and theoretical. Professor GIDDINGS.
Five hours a week at 10.30. 415 L. Credit I, II.
(Equivalent to Sociology 151)

 

sA2—Principles of Sociology. History of sociological theory. Professor GIDDINGS.
Five hours a week at 9.30. 415 L. Credit I, II.
(Equivalent to Sociology 152.)

[…]

Categories
Courses Harvard Syllabus

Harvard Economics. Readings for Taussig’s Economics 11, Theory. 1923-24.

 

 

From assignments and suggested readings as found in the notes taken by Frank W. Fetter (obituary), son of the economist Frank Albert Fetter. Frank W. Fetter received an A.M. in economics from Harvard. Most of the items below are written at the start of his notes for the class-days Fetter attended. Approximately 110 pages of class/reading notes are in this folder. I have merely extracted the course readings and specific bibliographic references made by Taussig for this posting.

New addition: Mid-year and final examination questions for this course.

________________________

Readings for Economic Theory (Taussig)

Economics 11
MWF 2pm
1923-24
from notes taken by Frank Whitson Fetter

Fall Term

Sept. 26

Sept. 28

Oct. 1

Oct. 3

Oct. 5

Oct. 8

Oct. 10

Oct. 15

Oct. 17

Oct. 19

Oct. 22

Oct. 24

Oct. 26

Oct. 29

Oct. 31

Nov. 2

Nov. 5

Nov. 7

Nov. 9

Nov. 12

Nov. 14 Discusses Ricardo’s biography

Nov. 16 (no class)

Nov. 19

Nov. 26

Nov. 28

Nov. 30 Lecture by Taussig on Mill

Dec. 3. No class

Dec. 5. Class in charge of Prof. Crum.

Dec. 7

Dec. 10

Dec. 12

  • Marshall 8th p. 335, (abbreviation unclear, looks like: V:12; paragraph 3…need to check)

Dec. 14

Dec. 17

Dec. 19

Dec. 21

Jan 4

Jan 7

Jan 9

Jan 11.

Jan 14 “increasing returns” (internal and external economies)

Jan 16

Jan 18

Jan 21

Jan 23 Discussion of cases given by Marshall in diagrams on pp. 464-469.

 

 

 

Spring Term

Feb. 11

  • Ultimate analysis of cost of production chapter.
  • Marshall Book VI, ch 4,5, also p. 339
  • Mill, p. 440
  • Marshall, Fortnightly Review, vol 25, p. 598

Feb. 13

Feb. 15

Feb. 18

Feb 20

Feb 25

  • Discussion of main idea of Book II, chapter 7 (probably Marshall)

Feb 27

Feb 29

March 3

March 5

March 7

March 10

March 12

March 14

March 17 no class

March 19

March 21

March 24

March 26 pp. 325-327

March 28

March 31

April 2

April 4

April 7

April 9

April 11 Absent.

April 21

April 23

April 25 absent

April 28

April 30

May 2

May 5

May 7

May 9

May 12    Class in charge of Crum

May 14

May 16

May 19

No class May 21 or May 26.

May 23

May 28

 

Source:  Duke University. Rubenstein Library.
Frank Whitson Fetter Papers, 1902-1992.  Box 49.
Folder: Student Papers, Graduate Course (Harvard University) Transportation Exams, readings, notes, 1923-1924.