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This post provides a transcription of over thirty printed pages from the List of References in Economics 2 at Harvard published in 1920 by Edmund Earle Lincoln (1888-1958). These pages include all the bibliographic references for the first semester course “Economic History of Europe since 1800” along with an introductory note and a short list of titles recommended for students who wish to build a personal library in European and U.S. economic history. The final examination questions and a course description have also been transcribed. The list of references for Economics 2b, “Economic History of the United States” will be posted sometime in the near future.
Edmund Earle Lincoln was born February 5, 1888 in McCook, Nebraska. He received an A.B. from Ohio Wesleyan in 1909; a B.A. from Oxford in 1910; M. A. from Oxford in 1914; Ph.D. from Harvard in 1917 with the thesis, “The Results of Municipal Electric Lighting in Massachusetts.” He was appointed Instructor in Economics and Tutor at Harvard in 1915 (where he stayed at least until the 1920 U.S. Census). As of the 1930 U.S. Census Lincoln worked as an executive with International Telephone & Telegraph Co. in New York City. From 1931 to his retirement in 1953 Lincoln was an economist with E. I. Du Pont Nemours & Co. He died May 15, 1958 in Wilmington, Delaware.
Apparently his 1950 published translation of Dangers of Inflation: An Address by Pierre Samuel du Pont, 1790, is still available from the Harvard Business School for $20 as Kress Collection Publication No. 7.
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Economics 2: Course Enrollment, 1920-21
[Economics] 2a 1hf. Dr. E. E. Lincoln, assisted by Mr. Hyde.–European Industry and Commerce in the Nineteenth Century
Total 70: 18 Graduates, 8 Seniors, 17 Juniors, 11 Sophomores, 1 Freshman, 15 Others.
[Economics] 2b 2hf. Dr. E. E. Lincoln, assisted by Mr. Hyde.–Economic History of the United States.
Total: 148: 13 Graduates, 34 Seniors, 47 Juniors, 26 Sophomores, 3 Freshmen, 25 Others.
Source: Harvard University. Reports of the President and the Treasurer of Harvard College 1920-21, p. 95.
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LIST OF REFERENCES IN ECONOMICS 2
ECONOMIC HISTORY OF EUROPE SINCE 1800,
AND OF THE UNITED STATES
Revised, Enlarged, and Rearranged
CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
PUBLISHED BY HARVARD UNIVERSITY
1920
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
The following list of readings is a rearrangement, revision and extension of the references originally prepared by Professor E. F. Gay for use in connection with the courses in European and American Economic History at Harvard College. The changes and additions have been such as to make this practically a new list. It in no way purports to be a complete bibliography of the subject, nor is it necessarily definitive in form. It is intended simply to serve as a guide to reading on the topics of the course, especially on those subjects which are not covered by the lectures, and should prove particularly useful to graduate students who wish to pursue their studies independently.
The aim has been to include only the more authoritative readings on a given topic, though on such questions as are admittedly mooted an attempt is made to cite the more representative writers on either side. Occasionally, also, in lieu of any work treating of a given subject in a more satisfactory manner, books have been listed of which the compiler thoroughly disapproves. In such cases, however, there are good reasons for the inclusion: As the list is itself a careful selection, it does not seem necessary for present purposes to add critical comments on the various authors.
Each section (indicated by Roman numerals) maps out a week’s work. The required reading for the present year (tested by means of fortnightly papers) is marked with an asterisk. There has, however, been such an arrangement of topics that the requirements can readily be varied from year to year. The bibliographies cited at the end of each section give further references on the topics under discussion; they are also useful as starting points in the thesis work of the course.
Edmond E. Lincoln, M.A. (Oxon), Ph.D.
SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS
Although no text-books are required in the course, most of the books in which reading is assigned are recommended for purchase by those who wish to start a library on the subject, and the following titles are suggested for those who desire to purchase a few inexpensive and rather general but thoroughly useful books:
Economics 2a
(European Economic History in the last century.)
Ashley, P., Modern Tariff History (ed. 1910).
Ashley, W. J., Economic Organization of England.
Ashley, W. J., British Industries.
Barker, J. Ellis, Economic Statesmanship (ed. 1920).
Dawson, W. H., The Evolution of Modern Germany.
Day, Clive, History of Commerce. (Useful also in Economics 2b. Good bibliography.)
Hobson, J. A., Evolution of Modern Capitalism.
Marshall, A., Industry and Trade.
Morley, Life of Cobden.
Ogg, Economic Development of Modern Europe. (Bibliography at end of each chapter.)
Perris, G. H., The Industrial History of Modern England.
Prothero, R. E., English Farming, Past and Present.
Raper, Railroad Transportation. (Useful also in Economics 2b.)
Robinson, E. van D., Commercial Geography; or Smith, J. R. Commerce and Industry. (Useful also in Economics 2b.)
Toynbee, Industrial Revolution.
Usher, A. P., Introduction to the Industrial History of England.
Wallace, D. M., Russia (ed. 1912).
Economics 2b
(Economic History of the United States.)
Bishop and Keller, Industry and Trade.
Bogart, Economic History of the United States. (“Selected Readings” by Bogart and Thompson is also useful.)
Callender, Economic History of the United States. (Selected readings before 1860.)
Dewey, Financial History of the United States. (Bibliography.)
Jenks and Clark, The Trust Problem.
Johnson and Van Metre, Principles of Railroad Transportation.
Noyes, Forty Years of American Finance.
Taussig, Some Aspects of the Tariff Question.
Taussig, Tariff History (ed. 1914).
General Bibliographical Aids in Thesis Writing
American Economic Review (Contains conveniently classified lists of recent books and magazine articles from 1911 to date. Earlier lists are to be found in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1886-1907, and the Economic Bulletin, 1908-1911.
Catalogue of Parliamentary Papers, 1801-1900; and Decennial Supplement, 1901-1910.
Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), Bibliographies.
Harvard College Library, Subject Catalogue by names of countries.
Library of Congress, Bibliographies on special topics.
Poole’s Index of Periodical Literature.
Readers’ Guide to Periodical Literature (1900-).
University of Chicago, Bibliography of Economics.
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ECONOMICS 2a
FIRST HALF-YEAR
ECONOMIC HISTORY OF EUROPE SINCE 1800
SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS AND AIDS TO THESIS WORK IN ECONOMICS 2a
Official Publications
Annuaire Statistique.
Berichte über Handel und Industrie.
Parliamentary Papers, particularly Commercial Reports (annual); Statistical Abstract of Foreign Countries.
Statistisches Jahrbuch.
U. S. Dept. Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Foreign Countries (1909).
U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Consular Reports (formerly published by the State Department); Special Agent’s Series, and Bulletins.
Periodicals
Annual Register.
Archiv für Socialwissenschaft und Socialpolitik.
Bankers’ Magazine (London).
Economic Journal.
Journal des Économistes.
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society.
London Economist. (A weekly financial paper, well indexed, with valuable information on commercial and industrial subjects.)
London Times, with Russian and South American Supplements.
Revue d’ Économie Politique.
Schriften des Vereins fur Socialpolitik.
Encyclopedias, Yearbooks, Dictionaries, etc.
Bartholomew, J. G., Atlas of the World’s Commerce.
Dictionary of National Biography.
Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.).
Handwörterbuch der Staatswissenschaft.
Jahrbücher fur Nationalökonomie.
McCulloch, Commercial Dictionary (ed. 1856).
Palgrave, Dictionary of Political Economy (including 1909 supplement).
Statesman’s Year-Book.
Wörterbuch der Volkswirtschaft (ed. Elster).
General Books
Bland, Brown, and Tawney, English Economic History: Select Documents.
Cunningham, Growth of English Industry and Commerce, Part 2, Vols. II, III. (A carefully arranged, exhaustive bibliography at the end of Vol. III.)
Dawson, Evolution of Modern Germany.
Day, History of Commerce. (Useful bibliography with each chapter.)
Levasseur, Histoire des Classes Ouvrières en France depuis 1789; Questions Ouvrières et Industriélles en France sous la Troisième République.
Levi, L., History of British Commerce, 1763-1878.
Macpherson, D., Annals of Commerce, Vol. IV.
Mavor, Economic History of Russia.
Page, Commerce and Industry. (Based on Hansard’s Debates. Vol. II,’ ‘Tables of Statistics for the British Empire from 1815,” is useful.
Porter, Progress of the Nation. (Hirst edition, 1912. Contains some interesting data for Great Britain.)
Smart, Economic Annals of the Nineteenth Century, Vols. I and II, 1801-1830. (A convenient digest of economic materials in annuals and official publications of the time.)
Smith, J. R., Industrial and Commercial Geography.
Sombart, Die deutsche Volkswirtschaft im Neunzehnten Jahrhundert.
Traill, ed., Social England. (Includes contributions by leading authorities on economics and economic history. Vols. V, VI cover the period of this course. Useful bibliography with each chapter.)
Wallace. D. M., Russia (ed. 1912. Still probably the best general book on Russian economic conditions.)
Webb, Trade Unionism (ed. 1911); Industrial Democracy. (These two volumes contain the best bibliographies on English labor problems.)
Williams, J. B., Guide to English Social History, 1750-1850. (Contains some useful though frequently inaccurate bibliographies.)
Text-Books
Economic histories of England are legion. Among these may be mentioned the following:
Perris, G. H., The Industrial History of Modern England (covers the period of this course); Rogers, J. E. T., Industrial and Commercial History of England; Tickner, Social and Industrial History of England; Usher, Introduction to the Industrial History of England; Warner, G. T., Landmarks in English Industrial History.
Probably Dawson’s Evolution of Modern Germany and Wallace’s Russia are the most satisfactory books on these countries. Russia: Its Trade and Commerce, by Raffalovich, is a useful recent book on Russia. For more general reading, Ogg’s Economic Development of Modern Europe covers parts of the field of this course and has some useful bibliographies at the end of each chapter. Rand’s Economic History since 1763 (a collection of readings) is still of some service.
Slater, G., Making of Modern England, and Hayes, C. J. H., Political and Social History of Modern Europe, attempt to link up political and economic development.
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Required reading is indicated by an asterisk (*). Large Roman numerals indicate volumes; Arabic numerals pages. References in brackets [ ] are recommended but not required.
I. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
General Reading
*Hobson, Evolution of Modern Capitalism (ed. 1902), 10-82, or ed. 1910 and 1917, 30-102.
*Toynbee, Industrial Revolution (ed. 1908), 22-96.
Ashley, Economic Organization of England, 140-172.
Bücher, Industrial Evolution, 150-184, 282-314.
Cheyney, Readings in English History, 610-616.
Cunningham, Growth of English Industry and Commerce, III, 620-668.
Lewinski, L’Évolution Industrielle de la Belgique.
Mantoux, Révolution Industrielle, 179-502.
Rappard, La Révolution Industrielle en Suisse.
Traill, ed., Social England, V, 301-357.
Veblen, Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution, 168-270.
Wood, H. T., Industrial England in the Middle of the Eighteenth Century.
The Factory System
Bland, Brown, and Tawney, English Economic History: Select Documents, 545-643.
Engels, Condition of the Working Classes in 1844.
Hutchins and Harrison, History of Factory Legislation (ed. 1911), 1-42.
Marx, Das Capital, Vol. I, passim.
Cooke-Taylor, The Modern Factory System, 44-225.
Villermé, L’État Physique et Moral des Ouvriers.
Wallas, Life of Francis Place, 197-240.
Webb, History of Trade Unionism, 24-101.
Woolen Report of 1806; reprinted in Bullock, Selected Readings in Economics, 114-124.
Introduction of Textile Machinery
Babbage, The Economy of Machinery and Manufactures.
Chapman, The Lancashire Cotton Industry, 1-112.
Clapham, “Transference of the Worsted Industry,”Economic Journal, XX, 195-210.
Guest, R., Compendious History of the Cotton Manufacture (1823).
Radcliffe, W., Origin of the New System of Manufacture (1828).
Walpole, “The Great Inventions,” in History of England, I, 50-76; reprinted in Bullock, 125-145, and Rand, Selections illustrating Economic History, ch. ii.
Bibliographies
Cannon, References for English History, 399-400.
Cunningham, III, 944-946, 990-996.
Hunt, W., Political History of England, 1760-1801 (Hunt and Poole Series, X), 468-469.
Traill, ed., Social England, V, 364-365, 627.
II. AGRARIAN MOVEMENT — CONTINENT
Germany
*Dawson, Evolution of Modern Germany, 255-294.
*Morier, “Agrarian Legislation of Prussia,” in Probyn, Land Tenure in Various Countries, 267-275; also in Rand, 98-108.
*Seeley, Life and Times of Stein, I, 287-297; in Rand, 86-98.
Brentano, “Agrarian Reform in Prussia,” Econ. Jour., VII, 1-20 (March, 1897).
Knapp, Bauernbefreiung in Preussen.
Preuss, Die wirtschaftliche und soziale Bedeutung der Stein-Hardenbergschen Reform.
Probyn, ed., Land Tenure in Various Countries, 243-287.
Von der Goltz, Agrarwesen und Agrarpolitik, 40-50; also Geschichte der deutschen Landwirtschaft.
France
*Dumas, “French Land System,” Econ. Jour., XIX, 32-50 (March, 1909).
*Von Sybel, French Revolution, in Rand, Selections, 55-85.
Cliffe Leslie, The Land System of France, in Carver’s Selected Readings in Rural Economics, 410-432.
De Foville, Le Morcellement, 52-89.
Flour de St. Genis, La Propriété Rurale, 80-164.
Levasseur, Histoire des Classes Ouvrières (ed. 1867), 23-42.
Young, A., Travels in France.
Other Countries
Chlapowski, Belgische Landwirtschaft.
Faucher, J., Russian Agrarian Legislation of 1861, in Probyn, Land Tenure in Various Countries, 309-346.
Laveleye, Économie Rurale de la Belgique.
Leroy-Beaulieu, The Empire of the Czars, I, 403-580; II, 1-57.
Mavor, Economic History of Russia, I.
Schulze-Gaevernitz, Volkswirtschaftliche Studien aus Russland, 308-383.
Simkhovitch, Feldgemeinschaft in Russland.
Bibliographies
Cambridge Modern History, X, 795, 884, 886.
Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Générale, IX, 417, 622; X, 472.
III. AGRARIAN MOVEMENT — ENGLAND
General Agricultural Conditions
*Prothero, R. E., English Farming Past and Present, 148-189, 207-252, 290-315.
Caird, English Agriculture in 1850, 473-528.
Curtler, Short History of English Agriculture, 190-270.
Garnier, English Landed Interests.
Levy, H., Large and Small Holdings (1911 transl.), 3-54.
Levy, Entstehung und Rückgang des landwirtschaftlichen Grossbetriebs in England.
Parliamentary Reports: 1816, Committee on Mendicity and Vagrancy; 1821, IX, Committee on Agriculture; 1822, V, Committee on Agricultural Distress.
Smart, Economic Annals of the Nineteenth Century, 1801-20, chs. vi, xx, xxii.; 1821-30, chs. i, v, x, xii.
Young, A., Tour through the Southern Counties (1768).
The Small Holder
Broderick, English Land and English Landlords, 65-240.
Colman, European Agriculture (2d ed.), I, 10-109, 133-174.
Green, F. E., The Small Holding.
Hasbach, History of the English Agricultural Labourer, 71-147.
Johnson, A. H., Disappearance of the Small Land Holder in England, 7-17, 107-164.
Prothero, R. E., English Farming, Past and Present, 190-206.
Taylor, Decline of the Land-owning Farmers in England, 1-61.
Bibliographies
Cambridge Modern History, X, 884-885.
Garnier, English Landed Interests, II, 536, 553.
Levy, H., Large and Small Holdings, 230-235.
Traill, ed., Social England, V, 513; VI, 110.
III. AGRICULTURAL DEPRESSION AND RECENT AGRARIAN HISTORY
England and Ireland
*Prothero, R. E., English Farming Past and Present, 316-331, 346-418.
Adams, “Small Holding in the United Kingdom,” Roy. Stat. Soc. Jour., 1907, 412-437.
Arch, Autobiography, 65-144, 300-345.
Barker, E., Ireland in the Last Fifty Years, 69-141.
Bastable, “Economic Movement in Ireland,” Econ. Jour., XI, 31-42.
Besse, P., L’Agriculture en Angleterre de 1875 à nos jours.
Caird, in Ward, Reign of Queen Victoria, II, 129-153.
Caird, English Agriculture in 1850.
Curtler, Short History of English Agriculture, 271-322.
Curtis, C. E., and Gordon, Handbook upon Agricultural Tenancies.
Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland, Report on Agricultural Credit in Ireland (1915).
Gray, H. L., War Time Control of Industry, 249-269, “Agriculture.”
Green, F. E., History of the English Agricultural Labourer, 1870-1920.
Haggard, Rural England, II, 536-576.
Hasbach, English Agricultural Labourer, 274-353.
Herrick, M. T., Rural Credits, 148-160.
Levy, H., Large and Small Holdings, 55-213.
Parliamentary Tariff Commission, III, Report of the Agricultural Committee, 1906.
Plunkett, Ireland in the New Century (ed. 1905), 175-209.
Royal Commission of 1897, Report on Agricultural Depression, 6-87.
Thompson, “Rent of Agricultural Land in England and Wales,” Roy. Stat. Soc. Jour., 1907, 587-611.
Turner, E. R., Ireland and England, 188-225.
Other Countries
Brentano, Die deutschen Getreidezölle (ed. 1911).
Chlapowski, Belgische Landwirtschaft.
Dawson, Evolution of Modern Germany, 226-293.
Ely, R. T., “Russian Land Reform,” Am. Econ. Rev., VI, 61-68.
Goulier, Commerce du Blé en France.
Haggard, Rural Denmark and its Lessons.
Herrick, M. T., Rural Credits, 34-147, 161-186.
Imbart de la Tour, Le Crise Agricole, 24-34, 127-223.
King and Okey, Italy To-day, 156-192.
Mavor, Economic History of Russia, II, 251-357.
Méline, J., Return to the Land, 83-144, 185-240.
Morman, J. B., Principles of Rural Credits, 3-141.
Rowntree, Land and Labour, Lessons from Belgium.
Simkhovitch, “Agrarian Movement in Russia,” Yale Rev., XVI, 9-38.
Wallace, D. M., Russia.
Bibliographies
Besse, P., L’Agriculture en Angleterre.
Cambridge Modern History, XII, 856-862, 866-867, 872-873.
Levy, Large and Small Holdings, 235-242.
Traill, ed., Social England, VI, 452.
V. THE FREE TRADE MOVEMENT — ENGLAND
*Armitage-Smith, G., Free Trade and its Results, (ed. 1898), 39-60, 130-163.
*Morley, Life of Cobden, chs. vi, vii, xvi.
Ashworth, Recollections of Cobden and the League, 32-64, 296-392.
Cambridge Modern History, XI, 1-21.
Cheyney, Readings in English History, 702-716.
Cunningham, Rise and Decline of the Free Trade Movement, 27-99.
Curtler, Short History of English Agriculture, 271-293.
Day, History of Commerce, 354-372.
Levi, History of British Commerce, 218-227, 261-272, 292- 303; in Rand, 207-241.
McCulloch, J. R., Dictionary of Commerce (ed. 1850), 411-449, 1272-1289.
Mongredien, History of the Free Trade Movement.
Morley, Life of Gladstone, I, 247-303, 443-476; II, 18-69.
Nicholson, J. S., History of the English Corn Laws.
Northcote, Twenty Years of Financial Policy.
Parker, Sir Robert Peel from his Private Letters, II, 522-559; III, 220-252.
Parliamentary Reports: 1840, Committee on Import Duties; 1843-1845, Commission on the Health of Towns; 1842-1843, 1863-1868, Committees on Employment of Children, Young Persons, and Women in Mines, Manufactures, and Agriculture.
Prentice, History of the Anti-Corn Law League, I, 49-77.
Schulze-Gaevernitz, Britischer Imperialismus, 243-375.
Tooke, History of Prices, 1839-1847, V, 391-457.
Trevelyan, G. M., Life of John Bright, 45-153.
Bibliographies
Arnauné, Le Commerce Extérieur, 199-226, notes.
Cambridge Modern History, X, 868-870; XI, 869, 871-872.
Cannon, References for English History, 423-424.
Morley, Life of Cobden (ed. 1908), II, 495-504.
N. Y. State Library, Bulletin, May, 1902, “Bibliography of the Corn Laws.”
VI. TARIFF HISTORY — CONTINENT
General Reading
*Ashley, P., Modern Tariff History (ed. 1910), 3-73, 359-372.
Bastable, Commerce of Nations.
Day, History of Commerce, 342-352, 391-417.
Fisk, G. W., “Middle European Tariff Union” (Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies, November-December, 1902).
Germany
*Bowring, “Report on Prussian Commercial Union,” Parl. Doc., 1840, in Rand, Selections, 170-196.
Bigelow, P., German Struggle for Liberty, III, ch. 17.
Dawson, W. H., Protection in Germany.
Lang, Hundert Jahre Zollpolitik, 168-230.
Weber, W., Der Deutsche Zollverein.
Worms, L’Allemagne Économique, 57-393.
France
Amé, Les Tarifs de Douanes, I, 21-34, 219-316.
Arnauné, Le Commerce Extérieur et les Tarifs de Douane, 90-269.
Meredith, H. O., Protection in France.
Morley, Life of Cobden, ch. xxix.
Perigot, Histoire du Commerce Français, 77-185.
Bibliographies
Ashley, P., Modern Tariff History (ed. 1910), 165-166, 437-438.
Cambridge Modern History, X, 832; XI, 878.
Lavisse et Rambud, Histoire Générale, X, 472, 668.
VII. RECENT TARIFF HISTORY
Return to Protection; France and Germany
*U. S. Tariff Commission, Reciprocity and Commercial Treaties, 461-510.
Ashley, P., Modern Tariff History (ed. 1910), 80-121, 145-154, 373-436.
Arnauné, Le Commerce Extérieur, 247-350.
Dawson, Protection in Germany, 26-160.
Dijol, La France sous la Régime Protectionniste de 1892.
Meredith, Protection in France, 54-129.
Zimmermann, Deutsche Handelspolitik, 218-314.
English Controversy; Imperial Federation
*Ashley, W. J., Tariff Problem, 114-167.
Armitage-Smith, Free Trade Movement and its Results, 188-203.
Balfour, Economic Notes in Insular Free Trade, 1-32; Fiscal Reform, 71-95, 97-113, 266-280.
Caillard, V. H. P., Imperial Fiscal Reform.
Chamberlain, Imperial Union and Tariff Reform, 19-44.
Coates, G., Tariff Reform Employment and Imperial Unity.
Cunningham, Rise and Decline of the Free Trade Movement, 100-168.
Drage, G., Imperial Organization of Trade.
Marshall, Fiscal Policy of International Trade, 30-82.
Pigou, Protective and Preferential Import Duties, 1-117. (See also his Riddle of the Tariff, 1-107.)
Root, J. W., Trade Relations of British Empire.
Smart, Return to Protection, 27-44, 136-185.
Tariff Reform League, Speakers’ Handbook.
Bibliographies
U. S. Library of Congress, Foreign Tariffs (1906); British Tariff Movement (1904).
Cambridge Modern History, XI, 878, 969; XII, 872.
Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Générale, XII, 788.
VIII. COMMERCE AND SHIPPING
England
*Bowley, England’s Foreign Trade in the Nineteenth Century, (ed. 1905), 55-96, 141-147.
*Grosvenor, G. M., Government Aid to Merchant Shipping, 45-61, 75-86, 135-165.
Bourne, S., Trade, Population, and Food.
Cornewall-Jones, British Merchant Service, 252-260, 306-317.
Ginsburg,”British Shipping,” in Ashley, British Industries, 173-195.
Glover, “Tonnage Statistics of the Decade, 1891-1900,” Roy. Stat. Soc. Jour., 1902, 1-41.
Kirkaldy, British Shipping: its History, Organization, and Importance.
Lindsay, Merchant Shipping, IV.
Meeker, History of Shipping Subsidies, 1-67, 79-95.
Porter, Progress of the Nation (Hirst, ed.), 473-546.
Root, “British Shipping Subsidies,” Atlantic Monthly, LXXXV, 385-394 (1900).
Root, J. W., Trade Relations of the British Empire.
Smith, J. Russell, Influence of the Great War on Shipping, 153-184, 244-265.
Smith, J. R., The Ocean Carrier.
Taylor, “British Merchant Marine,” Forum, XXX, 463-477 (1900-1901).
U- S. Dept. of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Foreign Countries (1909).
Ward, T. H., Reign of Queen Victoria, II, 111-118.
Other Countries
Arnauné, Le Commerce Extérieur, 425-460.
Austin, O. P., Effects of the War on World Trade and Industry.
Bracq, J. C., France under the Republic, ch. 3.
Charles-Roux, L’Isthme et le Canal de Suez, II, 287-339.
Dawson, Evolution of Modern Germany, 65-74.
Hauser, H., Germany’s Commercial Grip on the World.
Le Roux de Bretagne, Les Primes à la Marine Marchande, 93-224.
Marx, A., Französische Handelsgesetzgebung.
Snow, C. D., Germany’s Foreign Trade Organization (U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, miscellaneous series, no. 57).
Von Halle, Volks-und Seewirtschaft, 136-219.
Bibliographies
Cambridge Modern History, XII, 872-873.
Day, History of Commerce, 380, 398, 407-408, 417.
Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Générale, X, 472.
Van der Borght, Handel und Handelspolitik.
IX. TRANSPORTATION — PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
*Cunningham, W. J., “Characteristics of British Railways,” New Eng. R.R. Club, 8-60.
*Hadley, Railroad Transportation, 187-202.
*Raper, Railway Transportation, 14-60.
General Reading
Hendrick, Railway Control by Commissions, chs. ii, vii.
Johnson, American Railway Transportation, 322-334.
Parliamentary Papers, Reports of Board of Trade Railway Conference: 1909, Germany, Austria, and Hungary; 1910, Belgium, France, and Italy.
Sterne, “Railway Systems in Europe,” U. S. Sen. Misc. Doc., 66, II, 1886-1887.
U. S. Industrial Commission, Report, IX, 946-949, 955-957.
England
Acworth, Railways of England, 1-56.
Acworth, Elements of Railway Economics, 61-74, 131-159.
Cohn, G., Englische Eisenbahnpolitik.
Dixon, F. H., and Parmelee, War Administration of the Railroads in the United States and Great Britain, 71-127.
Edwards, “Railways and the Trade of Great Britain,” Roy. Stat. Soc. Jour., 1908, 102-131.
Evans, A. D., “British Railways and Goods Traffic,” Econ. Jour., 1905, 37-46.
Forbes and Ashford, Our Waterways, 107-177, 215-252.
Francis, J., History of the English Railway.
Gordon, W. J., Our Railways.
Gray, H. L., War Time Control of Industry, 1-13, “The Railways.”
Grindling, “British Railways as Business Enterprises,” in Ashley, British Industries, 151-172.
Jackman, W. T., The Development of Transportation in Modern England, particularly II.
Johnson and Van Metre, Principles of Railroad Transportation, 385-414.
McDermott, Railways, 1-149.
McLean, “English Railway and Canal Commission of 1888,” Quar. Jour. Econ., XX, 1-55 (1905); also in Ripley, Railway Problems, 602-649 (ed. 1907).
Moulton, Waterways versus Railways, 98-169.
Porter, Progress of the Nation (ed. 1851), 287-339.
Pratt, Railways and their Rates, 1-184.
Protheroe, E., The Railways of the World, 1-528.
Stephens, E. C., English Railways; their Development and their Relation to the State.
Thompson, H. G., Canal System of England, 1-73.
Ward, Reign of Queen Victoria, II, 83-129.
France
Buckler, “Railway Regulation in France,” Quar. Jour. Econ., XX, 279-286 (1906); also in Ripley, Railway Problems, 652-659 (ed. 1907).
Colson, Legislation des Chemins de Fer, 3-20, 133-182.
Colson, Railway Rates and Traffic, 53-111.
Guillamot, L’Organisation des Chemins de Fer, 82-120.
Kaufmann, Die Eisenbahnpolitik Frankreichs, II, 178-284.
Leon, Fleuves, Canaux, et Chemins de Fer, 1-156.
Lucas, F., Voies de Communication de la France.
Monkswell, French Railways.
Picard, A., Traité des Chemins de Fer, 5 vols.
Raper, Railway Transportation, 61-101.
Bibliographies
Hadley, Railroad Transportation, 146-202, notes.
Johnson, American Railway Transportation, 334.
Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Générale, X, 472; XI, 876-877.
U. S. Library of Congress, Government Regulation of Railways in Foreign Countries (1905-1907).
X. TRANSPORTATION — STATE OWNERSHIP
General Reading
*Raper, Railway Transportation, 278-305.
Acworth, W. M., Historical Sketch of Government Ownership of Railways in Foreign Countries.
Acworth, “Relation of Railways to the State,” Econ. Jour., 1908, 501-519.
Archiv fur Eisenbahnwesen. (Best general periodical for all aspects of continental railway problems and history.)
Dunn, Government Ownership of Railways, 14-36.
Hadley, Railroad Transportation, 236-258.
Jevons, The Railways and the State.
Johnson, American Railway Transportation, 336-348.
McPherson, L. G., Transportation in Europe, 149-175.
Pratt, Railways and their Rates, 185-236; Railways and Nationalization, 1-120, 253-293.
Germany
*Cunningham, “Administration of the State Railways of Prussia-Hesse,” Proceedings N. Y. Railroad Club, XXIII, 3124-3127, 3146-3155.
*Raper, Railway Transportation, 134-177.
Cohn, G., “State Railway Administration in Prussia,” Jour. Pol. Econ., I, 172-192.
Dawson, Evolution of Modern Germany, ch. xi.
Johnson and Van Metre, Principles of Railroad Transportation, 415-434.
Lotz, Verkehrsentwicklung in Deutschland, 2-47, 96-142.
Lenshau, Deutsche Wasserstrassen, 9-56, 95-161.
Mayer, Geschichte und Geographie der deutschen Eisenbahnen, 3-41.
Meyer, B. H.,”Railroad Ownership in Germany, Ann. Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., X, 399-421, also in Ripley’s Railway Problems (ed. 1913), 803-825.
Meyer, H. R., Government Regulation of Railway Rates, 3-33, 69-92.
Moulton, Waterways versus Railways, 170-323.
Other Countries
*Holcombe, A. N., “The First Decade of the Swiss Federal Railways,” Quar. Jour. Econ., XXVI, 341-362.
Cucheval-Clarigny, “Les Chemins de Fer Italiens,” Rev. des Deux Mondes, July 1, 15, 1884.
Hadley, Railroad Transportation, 203-235.
Peschaud, “Belgian State Railways,” in Pratt, State Railways, 57-107.
Raper, Railway Transportation, 102-133.
Tajani, “Railway Situation in Italy,” Quar. Jour. Econ., XXIII, 618-651.
Bibliographies
Cambridge Modern History, XII, 872-873, 883-884.
U. S. Library of Congress, Government Ownership of Railroads; Railroads in Foreign Countries.
XI. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT: ENGLAND
*Ashley, W. J., British Industries, 2-38.
*Clapham, J. H., Woollen and Worsted Industry, 1-24, 125-173.
Ashley, W. J., Adjustment of Wages, 185-229, 268-311.
Chapman, S. J., The Lancashire Cotton Industry.
Cox, British Industries under Free Trade, 2-84, 142-175, 235-276.
Gray, H. L., War Time Control of Industry, 61-100, “The Coal Mines.”
Great Britain: Coal Industry Commission (1919), Interim Report and Final Report (“Sankey Report”).
Great Britain: Final Report of the Committee on Commercial and Industrial Policy after the War, Parl. Doc. 9035 (1918).
Helm, E., “Survey of the Cotton Industry,” Quar. Jour. Econ., XVII, 417-437.
Jeans, J. S., Iron Trade of Great Britain, 1-72, 100-111.
Jevons, H. S., The British Coal Trade.
Jones, J. H., The Tinplate Industry.
Lloyd, Cutlery Trades, 30-63, 171-208.
Macrosty, Trusts and the State.
Marshall, A., Industry and Trade, 32-106.
Pollock, Shipbuilding Industry.
Porter, Progress of the Nation (Hirst, ed.), 213-432.
Schoenhof, History of Money and Prices, 148-173, 215-323.
Spicer, A. D., Paper Trade.
U. S. Dept. Commerce and Labor, English Cotton Industry (1907); British Iron and Steel Industry (1909).
Ward, ed., Reign of Queen Victoria, II, 153-196 (Slagg, Cotton Trade); II, 197-238 (Bell, Iron Trade).
XII. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CONTINENT
General Reading
*Copeland, Cotton Manufacturing Industry, 275-332.
Beck, Die Geschichte des Eisens.
Brauns, Samt- und Seiden Industrie.
Marshall, A., Industry and Trade, 107-139.
Schultze, Die Entwicklung der chemischen Industrie.
U. S. Dept. of Commerce and Labor, Special Agents Series, 1909-13; continued in publications of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce.
Germany
*Helfferich, Germany’s Economic Progress, 1888-1913, 13-85.
Barker, J. E., Modern Germany.
Berglund, A., “The Iron Ore Problem of Lorraine,” Quar. Jour. Econ., XXXIII, 531-554.
Blondel, L’essor industriel et commercial du peuple allemande (3d ed.), 1-114, 272-412.
Dehn, R. M. P., The German Cotton Industry.
Dawson, Evolution of Modern Germany, 37-65.
Farrington, F. E., Commercial Education in Germany.
Von Halle, “Die deutsche Volkswirthschaft an der Jahrhundertwende,” Volks- und Seewirthschaft, 13-219.
Haskins and Lord, Some Problems of the Peace Conference, 117-152, “The Rhine and the Saar.”
Hauser, Germany’s Commercial Grip on the World; also Les Méthodes Allemandes d’Expansion Économique.
Howard, Recent Industrial Progress in Germany, 51-109.
Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, 56-251.
Laughlin, J. L., Credit of the Nations, 1-38.
Schumacher, H., Die westdeutsche Eisenindustrie.
Sombart, Die deutsche Volkswirthschaft im neunzehnten Jahrhundert.
Sombart, “Industrial Progress of Germany,” Yale Rev., XIV, 6-17, 134-154.
Williams, E. E., “Made in Germany.”
Wolfe, A. J., Commercial Organization in Germany (U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Sp. Ag. Ser. No. 98).
Other Countries
Aftalion, Le Développement de la Fabrique dans les Industries de l’Habillement.
Fischer, Italien und die Italiener (ed. 1901), 240-267.
The Industries of Russia, prepared by Department of Trade and Manufactures, Ministry of Finance, St. Petersburg, for the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893.
Kennard, The Russian Year Book (1911- ).
La Belgique, 1830-1905, 397-617.
Levasseur, Questions ouvrières et industrielles en France sous la troisième République, 27-166.
Machat, Le Développement Économique de la Russie, 157-229.
Raffalovich, Russia: its Trade and Commerce.
U. S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Russia: A Handbook of Commercial and Industrial Conditions, (U. S. Consular Report, No. 61, 1913).
Wolfe, A. J., Commercial Organization in France (U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Sp. Ag. Ser., No. 98).
Bibliographies
Cambridge Modern History, XI, 931; XII, 866, 872, 883, 903, 960.
Howard, Industrial Progress in Germany, x-xiii.
U. S. Library of Congress, Iron and Steel in Commerce (1907).
XIII. INDUSTRIAL COMBINATION
*British Ministry of Reconstruction, Report of Committee on Trusts (1919), 15-30.
*Marshall, A., Industry and Trade, 544-635.
Baumgarten und Meszleny, Kartelle und Trusts, 83-152.
Brodnitz, “Betreibskonzentration in der englischen Industrie,” Jahrb. fur Nat. Oek., 1908-1909, XC, 173-218; XCII, 51-86, 145-184.
Carter, G. R., The Tendency toward Industrial Combination.
Chastin, Les Trusts et les Syndicats, 13-127.
Davies, J. E., Trust Laws and Unfair Competition, 529-662.
Deutsches Kartell-Jahrbuch.
Hauser, “La Syndicalisation Obligatoire en Allemagne,” Revue d’Économie Politique, XXXII, 230-265.
Kartell Rundschau.
Liefmann, Kartelle und Trusts (ed. 1910).
Liefmann, Beteiligungs- und Finanzierungsgesellschaften.
Liefmann, R., Die Kartelle in und nach dem Kriege.
Macrosty, Trust Movement in British Industry, 24-56, 81-84, 117-154, 284-307, 329-345.
Macrosty, “Trust Movement in Great Britain,” in Ashley, British Industries, 196-232.
Notz, W., “Kartels during the War,” Jour. Pol. Econ., XXVII, 1-38.
Passama, Formes Nouvelles de Concentration, 1-171.
Paul, L., Histoire du Mouvement Syndical en France (1789-1910).
Tosdal, ” Kartell Movement in the German Potash Industry,” Quar. Jour. Econ., XXVIII, 140-180.
Tosdal, “The German Steel Syndicate,” Quar. Jour. Econ., XXXI. 259-306.
Tschierschky, Kartelle und Trusts.
U. S. Industrial Commission, Report, XVIII, 7-13, 75-88, 101-122, 143-165.
U. S. Federal Trade Commission, Report on Coöperation in the American Export Trade, I, 98-127, 272-279, 285-292.
Utsch, Kartelle und Arbeiter.
Walker, Combinations in the German Coal Industry, 38-111, 175-289, 322-327.
Walker, “German Steel Syndicate,” Quar. Jour. Econ., XX, 353-398.
Bibliographies
Cambridge Modern History, XII, 960-961.
Carter, G. R., The Tendency toward Industrial Combination, xi-xv.
Chastin, Les Trusts, 13-127, notes.
Liefmann, Beteiligungs- und Finanzierungsgesellschaften, ix-x.
Passama, Formes Nouvelles de Concentration, xxi-xxiii.
XIV. BANKING AND FINANCE IN RELATION TO INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
*Hobson, C. K., Export of Capital, 95-163.
*Riesser, The German Great Banks and their Concentration, 703-750.
Andréadès, History of the Bank of England, 331-369, 381-388.
Bastable, Public Finance (3d ed.), 629-657.
Bagehot, Lombard Street (ed. 1910).
Burrell, “Historical Survey of the Position Occupied by the Bank of England,” etc., Journal of the Institute of Bankers, XXXVI (1915), 405-425.
Dunbar, History and Theory of Banking (ed. 1917), 132-219.
Giffen, Economic Inquiries, I, 75-97, 121-228.
Giffen, Growth of Capital, 115-134.
Huth, W., Die Entwickelung der deutschen und französischen Grossbanken.
Jevons, Investigations in Currency and Finance, 34-92.
Juglar, Crises Commerciales.
Liesse, Credit and Banks in France (in Nat. Mon. Com. Reports).
McLeod, Theory and Practice of Banking (4th ed.), I, 433-540; II, 1-197.
Patron, Bank of France (in Nat. Mon. Com. Reports).
Powell, E. T., The Evolution of the Money Market, 243-705.
Van Antwerp, The Stock Exchange from Within, 323-412.
Vidal, History and Methods of the Paris Bourse (in Nat. Mon. Com. Reports).
Warburg, P. M., The Discount System in Europe (in Nat. Mon. Com. Reports).
Withers, Meaning of Money, 85-106, 138-172.
Withers, War Time Financial Problems, 15-30, 76-90, 163-179.
XV. LABOR PROBLEMS
General Reading
*Cole, G. D. H., World of Labor, 101-127.
*Dawson, Evolution of Modern Germany, 106-134 [135-169].
*Hammond, M. B., British Labor Conditions and Legislation during the War, 3-21.
*Webb, “Social Movements,” in Cambridge Modern History, XII, 730-765.
Ashley, W. J., German Working Classes, 1-141.
Board of Trade Report, 1909, Cost of Living of the Working Classes in the United Kingdom, Germany, France.
Board of Trade Report, 1911, Cost of Living of the Working Classes in American Towns (comparisons with English conditions).
Booth, Life and Labor of the People in London.
Bowley, Wages in the United Kingdom, 22-57, 81-127.
Cole, “Recent Development in the British Labor Movement,” Am. Econ. Rev., VIII, 485-505.
Cole, G. D. H., The World of Labor.
Dawson, German Workman, 1-245.
Engels, Condition of the Working Class in 1844.
Gray, H. L., War Time Control of Industry, 14-60, “Munitions and Labor.”
Hammond, J. L., and Barbara, The Village Labourer (1760-1832); The Town Labourer (1760-1832); The Skilled Labourer (1760-1832).
Hammond, M. B., British Labor Conditions and Legislation during the War (passim).
Hayes, C., British Social Politics.
Herkner, Arbeiterfrage.
Hutchins, Women in Industry (ed. 1920).
Kirkup, History of Socialism.
Lecky, Democracy and Liberty, II, 224-503.
Levasseur, Questions Ouvrières et Industrielles en France, 523-600.
Macrosty, Trusts and the State (passim).
Nicholls, G., History of the English Poor Law, II, chs. xi-xii; III (supplementary vol., 1834-1898, by Thos. Mackay).
Rogers, Six Centuries of Work and Wages (one vol. ed., 1884), 468-575.
Schloss, Methods of Industrial Remuneration.
Shadwell, Industrial Efficiency (ed. 1906), II, 307-350; or in ed. 1909, 533-568.
U. S. Commissioner of Labor, 15th Ann. Report (1900), Wages in Commercial Countries.
U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 237, Industrial Unrest in Great Britain.
U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, April, 1918, 63-83, “Social Reconstruction Program of the British Labor Party.”
U. S. Commission of Labor, 21st Annual Report (1906), Strikes and Lockouts, 775-916.
Wallas, G., Life of Francis Place, ch. viii.
Ward, ed., Reign of Queen Victoria, II, 43-83 (Mundella and Howell, Industrial Association).
Webb, English Poor Law Policy.
Wood, “Real Wages since 1860,” Roy. Stat. Soc. Jour., 1909, 91-101.
Labor Organizations
Ashley, Adjustment of Wages, 160-183.
Kulemann, Die Gewerkschaftsbewegung.
Levasseur, Questions Ouvrières et Industrielles en France sous la Troisième République, 642-741.
Levine, Labor Movement in France.
Webb, S. and B., History of Trade Unionism (ed. 1920).
Webb, Industrial Democracy.
Factory Legislation
Barrault, La Réglementation du Travail à Domicile en Angleterre.
Commons and Andrews, Principles of Labor Legislation.
Hutchins and Harrison, History of Factory Legislation (ed. 1911).
Pic, Traité Élémentaire de Législation Industrielle (ed. 1912).
Plener, English Factory Legislation.
Taylor, R. W. C., Factory System and Factory Acts.
U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 146, Administration of Labor Laws and Factory Inspection in Certain European Countries.
Coöperation and Profit-sharing
Aves, E., Coöperative Industry.
Corréard, J., Des Sociétés coopératives.
Dawson, Evolution of Modern Germany, 294-307.
Fay, C. R., Cooperation at Home and Abroad (ed. 1920).
Herrick, M. T., Rural Credits, 247-455.
Holyoake, Cooperation in England (ed. 1908), I, 32-162; II, 361-396.
Maxwell, W., History of Cooperation in Scotland, 43-114.
Potter, B. (Mrs. Webb), Cooperative Movement in Great Britain.
Report of U. S. Commission to investigate and study agricultural credit and coöperation in Europe (1914): 63d Cong., 2d Sess., Senate Doc. 380.
Valleroux, La Coopération.
(See also topic no. IV of this list)
Workingmen’s Insurance and Unemployment
Beveridge, Unemployment.
Dawson, Social Insurance in Germany.
Frankel and Dawson, Workingmen’s Insurance in Europe.
Gibbon, I. G., Unemployment Insurance.
Willoughby, Workingmen’s Insurance, 29-87.
U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 206, The British System of Labor Exchanges.
Population and Emigration
Bullock, Selected Readings in Economics, 255-286.
Dawson, Evolution of Modern Germany, chs. xvi, xvii.
Duval, Histoire de L’Émigration au XIXe Siècle.
Foerster, R. F., Italian Emigration of Our Times, 3-202, 415-525.
Godwin, Wm., Of Population.
Gonnard, L’Émigration Européenne au XIXe Siècle.
Leroy-Beaulieu, P., La Question de la Population.
Leroy-Beaulieu, P., De la Colonisation chez les Peuples Modernes, II, 435-522.
Malthus, Essay on Population.
Nitti, Population and the Social System.
Philippovich, “Auswanderung und Auswanderungspolitik in Deutschland,” in Schriften des Vereins für Socialpolitik, LII bd.
Wakefield, E. G., The Art of Colonization.
Bibliographies
Adams and Sumner, Labor Problems, references.
Cambridge Modern History, XII, 960-966.
Commons and Andrews, Principles of Labor Legislation, 465-488.
Frankel and Dawson, Workingmen’s Insurance, 435-443.
Gibbon, Unemployment Insurance, 337-342.
Harvard University, Dept. of Social Ethics, Guide to Reading in Social Ethics, 68-163, 183-209.
Hutchins and Harrison, Factory Legislation, 279-284.
Ogg, Economic Development of Modern Europe, at the end of chs. xvi-xx, inclusive.
Taylor, F. I., Bibliography of Unemployment.
Webb, Trade Unionism (ed. 1911), 499-543.
Webb, Industrial Democracy, 879-900.
Wright, Practical Sociology, references.
Image Source: Edwin Francis Gay and Edmund E. Lincoln from Harvard Class Album 1920.
