Categories
Chicago Funny Business

Chicago. Economics Christmas Skit Material, 1969

While no date is given for the following two pages, we can be confident that the material was prepared and one presumes performed at the Chicago Economics Department Christmas Party of 1969. Photos from the December 1970 Christmas party have been posted by Robert J. Gordon–they do not correspond to the texts below.

The events of campus unrest at Columbia, Cornell, Harvard and San Francisco State referred to all took place 1968-69, so the earliest possible date for this skit would have been in December 1969.

I have added the “true” lyrics to the chosen tunes as well as links to videos with the corresponding melodies for readers who wish to try their luck in the privacy of their own offices. Replication probably requires a cocktail or two to establish the appropriate a-critical mood. 

Your sober scribe was not particularly amused. OK, maybe the lighting, costuming, and orchestral arrangements were fantastic–hard to know. I pity though the poor future historians of present economics who will have to deal with audio and video evidence and not just the written record. 

________________________

SONGS FOR SKIT

University of Chicago
Economics Department
Skit Song Lyrics

“The Merry Minuet
(They’re rioting in Africa…)

https://youtu.be/L8-BI89mb9A

They’re rioting at C’lumbia

La La La La La La La

They’re shooting up Cornell

La La La La La

They’re plowin’ up ole Harvard Yard

La La La La La La La

And Hiyakowa’s catching hell.

La La La La La

Academia is festering with strife and discord

The faculty hate students cause they’re paranoid

But we can be certain and brimming with cheer

That none of this nonsense will ever happen here.

They’re rioting in Africa
They’re starving in Spain
There’s hurricanes in Florida
And Texas needs rain
The whole world is festering with unhappy souls
The French hate the Germans,
the Germans hate the Poles
Italians hate Yugoslavs,
South Africans hate the Dutch
And I don’t like anybody very much
But we can be thankful and tranquil and proud
That Man’s been endowed with the mushroom shaped cloud
And we know for certain that some lovely day
Some one will set the spark off and we will all be blown away
They’re rioting in Africa
There’s strife in Iran
What nature doesn’t do to us
Will be done by our fellow man!

 

University of Chicago
Economics Department
Skit Song Lyrics

Santa Claus is Coming to Town
https://youtu.be/HSmsq2iq4bQ
You’d better watch out
You’d better not strike
You’d better not riot
I’m (or We’re) telling you why
The National Guard is coming to town.
They know what you’ve been smoking
They know when you’ve been bad
They know when you’ve been sitting-in
So get out…do you understand!!
They’re making a list
And checking it twice
They’re going to find out
Whose [sic] Commie or nice
The National Guard is coming to town.
Oh! You better watch out
You better not cry
You better not pout
I’m telling you why
Santa Claus is coming to town
He sees you when you’re sleeping
He knows when you’re awake
He knows if you’ve been bad or good
So be good for goodness sake!
He’s making a list
Checking it twice
Gonna find out
Who’s naughty or nice
Santa Claus is coming to town

 

 

University of Chicago
Economics Department
Skit Song Lyrics

On Top of Old Smokey
https://youtu.be/P51eCjKN2Kw
On top of a mountain
In central Vermont
Resides Milton Friedman
Of wisdom the fount.
The scene is idyllic
On that mountain peak
But here in Chicago
The outlook is bleak.
Since Telser to Belgium
Has decided to roam,
Just Zecher and Gorden [sic]
Are left here at home.
No thesis prospectus
Are we able to give
Faculty all neglect us
As their prerogative.
Heed our ultimatum
Before it’s too late
Move the MONEY workshop
To the Green Mountain State.
On top of old smokey
all covered with snow
I lost my true lover
for courting too slow
For courting’s a pleasure
and parting’s a grief
And a false hearted lover
is worse than a thief
For a thief will just rob you
and take all you save
But a false hearted lover
will lead you to the grave
And the grave will decay you
and turn you to dust
Not one girl in a hundred
a poor boy can trust
They’ll hug you and kiss you
and tell you more lies
Than cross lines on a railroad
or stars in the skies
So come all your maidens
and listen to me
Never place your affections
on a green willow tree
For the leaves they will wither
and the roots they will die
You’ll all be forsaken
and never know why.

 

 

University of Chicago
Economics Department
Skit Song Lyrics

Mickey Mouse Club Song
https://youtu.be/x4C_lUy58Rw

Who’s the leader of the club
That’s made for you and me
M-i-l-t-o-n Da Da Da Da De[e]
Uncle Miltie,
Uncle Miltie
Forever let us sing his praises high
[…high, high, high]
He’s the man with just one theory
When others must use two
M-i-l-t-o-n Da Da Da Da Do[o]
Milt the Stilt (Paul the Small)
Milt the Stilt (Paul the Small)
In our hearts we know which one is  right […] [right, right, right]
Velocity is constant
The Phillips curve’s a fraud
M-i-l-t-o-n Da Da Da Da Da[w]
Money matters,
money matters
As long as prices
do not rise too fast.
What’s the purpose of the club
That’s made for you and I
U of C Ph.D. M-O-N-E-Y
Permanent Income,
Permanent income
It makes it all worthwhile, or so they[…]
[…]say. [say, say, say]
Rules and not discretion
And let me tell you why
M-I-L-T-O-N  M-O-N-E-Y
Who’s the leader of the club
That’s made for you and me
M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E
Hey! there, Hi! there, Ho! there
You’re as welcome as can be
M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E
Mickey Mouse! (Donald Duck)
Mickey Mouse! (Donald Duck)
Forever let us hold our banner
High! High! High! High!
Come along and sing the song
And join the jamboree!
M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E
Mickey Mouse club
Mickey Mouse club
We’ll have fun
We’ll meet new faces
We’ll do things and
We’ll go places
We’re marching all around the world
Who’s the leader of the club
That’s made for you and me
M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E
Hey! there, Hi! there, Ho! there
You’re as welcome as can be
M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E
Mickey Mouse! (Donald Duck)
Mickey Mouse! (Donald Duck)
Forever let us hold our banner
High! High! High! High!
Come along and sing a song
And join the jamboree!
M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E(yay Mickey)
(yay Mickey)
(yay Mickey Mouse Club!)

 

 

University of Chicago
Economics Department
Skit Song Lyric

 

O Tannenbaum (O Christmas Tree)

https://youtu.be/27JleM39TPY

Now that we’ve lost our faculties
To real world positions
We can observe to ascertain
What were their life ambitions
Lester Telser for his amusement
Investigated advertisement
So now we find him having fun
On the avenue called Madison.
Those who had taught development
Have left to form a settlement
With Harberger as President
An economist in residence
With [Larry] Sjastaad in an advisory task
They’re sure to find their golden path
And on their farms up with the sun
Are Teddy Schultz and Gale Johnson.
Bob Fogel has aspired to be
The president of the Santa Fee
Gregg Lewis we all should know
Leads the AFL and CIO
And Friedman’s gone up to Ely
To found his university
Big Harry with his knife so free
Now runs a toothpick factory.

[Handwritten addition:]

Uzawa + Mundell have gone to instigate at the Sorbonne
And [Erwin] Diewert is a lumberjack
Up near the straits of Mackinac

Geo. T who’s of urban fame [George S. Tolley]
Has taken over Lindsay’s game [NYC mayor]
And since there is no more faculty
We’ve all enrolled at MIT.

O Christmas Tree, O Christmas tree,
How lovely are your branches!
O Christmas Tree, O Christmas tree,
How lovely are your branches!
Not only green in summer’s heat,
But also winter’s snow and sleet.
O Christmas tree, O Christmas tree,
How lovely are your branches!
O Christmas Tree, O Christmas tree,
Of all the trees most lovely;
O Christmas Tree, O Christmas tree,
Of all the trees most lovely.
Each year you bring to us delight
With brightly shining Christmas light!
O Christmas Tree, O Christmas tree,
Of all the trees most lovely.
O Christmas Tree, O Christmas tree,
We learn from all your beauty;
O Christmas Tree, O Christmas tree,
We learn from all your beauty. 

 

Your bright green leaves with festive cheer,
Give hope and strength throughout the year.
O Christmas Tree, O Christmas tree,
We learn from all your beauty.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Some dialogue:

Opening scene, faculty seated around a table, one member is reading a newspaper:

One faculty member: (reading newspaper, shakes head) The students are revolting!

(All concur)

Another member: But thank God—ah I mean Milton—that we’re at Chicago. Our students are well behaved, well ordered, normal, continuous and homothetic.

Another: (questioning) But how do you know about their sex lives?

(Pause for a few seconds, for all the uproarious laughter, then break into song—“They’re rioting at Columbia….” [See above].)

(After song, and during, students enter, their spokesman present list of demands to Stigler).

Student spokesman: We’ve come to present our nonnegotiable demand schedule for reform in the department.

(All faculty in shock and dismay)

We have decided to bring the free market economy into the university. Therefore:

(1) We demand that prelim grades be bought and sold freely—thereby bringing greater efficiency into the production of economists.

(2) We demand the immediate return of all industrial organization exams from the public enterprise post office.

And (3) We demand the removal of all artificial floors and ceilings in the Department.

Stigler: (unrolls list of demands and exclaims) Heck—we’re saved. Your demand schedule is upward sloping (a pause)

(turns sheet of paper to audience)

And therefore nonexistent.

(All faculty sigh in relief)

 

Source: Harvard University Archives, Papers of Zvi Griliches, Box 129, Folder “Faculty skits, ca. 1960s”.

 

Categories
Chicago Funny Business

Chicago. Lyrics to “The Law (of Diminishing Disciples)”. By Anonymous, 1960’s?

One can only presume that the following song was sung to a doggeralized version of the inspiring hymn “I shall not be moved”, though I am unable to fit the Chicago lyrics to the tunes used for any of these classic covers:

Dream Team version:  Jerry Lee Lewis, Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins and (probably not) Johnny Cash

The civil rights version (The Freedom Singers)

The union version (Pete Seeger and Chorus)

Perhaps someone is still alive who knows who penned this masterpiece of economics irony?  Asking for generations of economists yet unborn as well as for all the boomers and beyond still among us.

________________

THE LAW

(Anonymous, U. of Chicago)

I

In the days of old
And in every land
Economics was free
And supply meant demand

Adam Smith propounded it
No one has confounded it
Praise be to our theory
We shall not be moved

There were no unions
All men were bossed
Marginal output
Met marginal cost

Ricardo repeated it
No one defeated it
Praise be to our theory
We shall not be moved

The utilities moved
In harmonious flow
Through natural channels
To where they should go

Marshall repolished it
No one demolished it
Praise be to our theory
We shall not be noved

Marginal product is
The perfect gauge
For capital’s gain
And the worker’s wage

Douglas computed it
No one refuted it
Praise be to our theory
We shall not be moved

There were no barriers
And no controls
The system created
And reached its own goals

Friedman restated it
No one deflated it
Praise be to our theory
We shall not be moved

The weavers wove
The spinners spun
They always had jobs
In the very long run

Smith propounded it
No one confounded it
Ricardo repeated it
No one defeated it
Marshall repolished it
No one demolished it
Douglas computed it
No one refuted it
Friedman restated it
No one deflated it
Praise be to our theory
We shall not be moved

II

These man were thinkers
Deep and profound
Their assumptions well based
Their logic sound

Their laws have developed
In several stages
Are now well-grounded
Will live through the ages

But as they develop
From leader to follower
The thinking becomes
Just a little bit hollower

If one looks at history
From beginning to end
Within it there is
This secular trend:

In the earlier men
Originality burns
But the neo’s are met
With smaller returns

This function descends
From great things to trifles
This is The Law
Of diminishing disciples.

Source: Harvard University Archives, Papers of Zvi Griliches, Box 129, Folder “Faculty skits, ca. 1960s”.

Categories
Chicago Funny Business

Chicago. West Side Story Number from an economics skit, ca. 1962

These parody lyrics come from pages of University of Chicago economics skits from the 1960s that had been saved by Zvi Griliches and that can be consulted now in the Zvi Griliches papers collection in the Harvard University Archives. The reason we can date this artifact with confidence is because the following children’s rhyme almost immediately follows “Please Mr. Harry Johnson” featured below.

(To the tune of „Mary had a Little Lamb“)

Harvard School has gone away, gone away, gone away
Harvard School has gone away
To Washington D.C.

MIT has joined them too, joined them too, joined them too
MIT has joined them too
Advising Kennedy

Link to the film version of the original “Dear Officer Krupke” from West Side Story.

Also worth noting: that the students’ friend for learning price theory instead of relying on George Stigler’s book was Richard Leftwich’s The Price System and Resource Allocation (incidentally the same textbook was assigned for the microeconomics semester (Fall semester) of Early Concentration Economics my freshman year at Yale 1969-70).

________________________________

(To the tune of “Dear Officer Krupke” from West Side Story)
[ca. 1962]

Please Mr. Harry Johnson
It’s easy to explain
They told me Keynes was silly
And Hansen just a pain
Velocity is the main thing
And interest a passing stress
Leapin’ lizards, that why I’m a mess.

Chorus: 

Gee Prof. Johnson
we’re very upset
we never had the love that every child ought to get
we ain’t no delinquents, we’re misunderstood
deep down inside us there is good
there is good
there is good
like inside of each of us there’s good.

Oh Mr. Bailey listen
You’ve got to understand
All my life they’ve taught me
Investment lacks demand
No body ever told me
to buy a foot of land
Crawlin’ catfish, that’s why I’ve been canned.

(Repeat Chorus till last three lines)

Hear oh Mr. Friedman
I want make it clear
Always I’ve considered
Children sweet and dear
No one ever told me
Of production they’re a tool
Gosh almighty that’s why I’m a fool.

(Repeat Chorus minus last three lines)

Oh Mr. Metzler hear me
It’s simple to conceive
The BB schedule threw me
The CC did deceive
With your Keynesian leanings
I really couldn‘t cope
Goodness gracious, that’s why I’m a dope.

(Repeat Chorus…)

Dear Professor David
Please lend to us an ear
All these expectations
The present did make queer
The future was the present
The present—there was none
Really truly, that’s why I’m so dumb

 (Repeat Chorus…)

Dear Sweet Professor Stigler
We all have read your book
The fun is in the footnotes
At which we love to look
But we go back to Leftwich
For Economic sense
Heaven help me, that‘s why I‘m so dense.

(Repeat Chorus…)

Now to conclude my story
I’d like to say tonight
Why it’s so very difficult
for us to be alright
Whatever one pronounces
The others say “it’s rot”
Mama mia that’s why I’m a sot.

Dear muddled department – we’re very upset
(rest of chorus…)

Source: Harvard University Archives, Papers of Zvi Griliches, Box 129, Folder “Faculty skits, ca. 1960s”.

Image Source: Random undocumented discovery in the internet.

Categories
Chicago Funny Business Harvard M.I.T. Princeton

M.I.T. Faculty Skit, Playing Monopoly at Lunch, 1986

 

It has been a while since I have added an artifact to the MIT economics skits wing of the Funny Business Archives here at Economics in the Rear-view Mirror. Apparently the following script was a, if not the sole, late-20th century MIT faculty skit not written by Robert Solow. I can believe that. In any event, today’s post is further grist to the mill for social historians of economics.

Again a grateful tip of the hat to Roger Backhouse is in order.

__________________

1986 FACULTY SKIT

(Skit opens with Dornbusch, Fischer, Diamond, Eckaus and McFadden seated around MONOPOLY board. Farber is standing alongside, watching the game. Fisher and Hausman are in the wings to make walk-on appearances).

ANNOUNCER: One of the most important unwritten rules in the Economics Department is that no one but Bob Solow writes the skit. This year, Bob reportedly outdid himself and wrote a sitcom in which Bob Lucas is struck by a blinding light while driving to work and transformed into a neo-Keynesian. The skit, titled “I’m OK, You’re OK,” follows Lucas’ attempts to explain why he is estimating Phillips curves to Lars Hansen and Tom Sargent.

Unfortunately, Bob is unable to be with us tonight, since he is delivering the presidential address to the Eastern Economic Association in Philadelphia. When we opened the envelope marked “SKIT” which Bob left for us, we were surprised to discover only a copy of his presidential address. We suspect he had a somewhat bigger surprise when he opened his envelope in Philadelphia. [Address published as “What is a Nice Girl Like You Doing in a Place Like This? Macroeconomics after Fifty YearsEastern Economic Journal, July-September 1986]

We were of course scared skitless when we realized our predicament, and we were tempted to re-run some of the great Solow skits of the past. There was the 1974 Watergate Skit, in which Paul Colson Joskow testifies to Senator Sam Peltzman that he would run over his grandmother to get a t-statistic above two. There was the 1978 Star Wars skit, in which Milton Vader and his minions capture the wookie Jerrybaca and hold him captive in the Chicago Money Workshop. And in the incredible 1973 MASH skit, Hawkeye Hall and Trapper Jerry Hausman find Radar Diamond and Hot Lips Friedlaender cavorting in the Chairman’s office. (If that doesn’t give Solow Rational expectations, what does?)

We guessed that you had all seen these re-runs on late-nite channel 56, however, and therefore decided to try something new and provide a partial answer to the age-old question: What Really Goes On in the Freeman Room at Lunchtime on Wednesdays? We now invite you to join us for a brief look at one of these infamous gatherings…

 

MCFADDEN: (Rolling dice). “Who owns Oriental Avenue?”

DORNBUSCH: Me. That’s six dollars.

FISCHER: My turn? (Rolls dice). Damn. Inflation tax again; Here’s ten percent of my cash balances. I passed go, didn’t I?

DIAMOND: Uh huh. Here’s $186 dollars.

FISCHER: I should get $200.

DIAMOND: Not since Gramm-Rudman. Everything’s reduced seven percent across the board.

DORNBUSCH: My turn. (Rolling dice). Four. (Reaches over and moves marker).

ECKAUS: No way, Rudi—you just moved six places. No overshooting in this game. (Hands Dornbusch Chance card)

DORNBUSCH: Ah. Go directly to Brazil. Do not return until the day classes start.

HAUSMAN: (Walking in from side of stage) How come you guys are playing MONOPOLY? I thought you usually played RISK…

DIAMOND: Oliver [Hart] took that game home. You know, his contract calls for RISK-sharing…

HAUSMAN: Can you believe the graduate students scheduled the skit party for the Friday before income taxes are due? The only people who’ll come are graduate students and people like theorists who file 1040 EZ’s. (walks off)

(FISHER walks in)

DIAMOND: (Rolling dice). My turn. Oriental again. Six more dollars for Dornbusch.

FISCHER: That’s a pretty profitable property, Rudi.

FISHER: How many times do I have to say it! You can’t possibly tell that from accounting numbers! (Pause). Why don’t we ever play fun games, like Consultant?

ECKAUS: I hear Jorgensen and Griliches play that all the time up at Harvard. Maybe you should give them a call.

FISHER: They’re never around.

DIAMOND: Of course not, Frank—that’s how you play consultant.

(FISHER exits.)

FARBER: Speaking of Harvard, how are we doing on graduate recruitment this year? I heard there was some Princeton scandal.

DIAMOND: The AEA put them on probation for recruiting violations. People could look the other way when they offered prospective students money and cars, but this year Joe Stiglitz promised to write a joint paper with all entering students.

FARBER: They’re really giving out cars?

DIAMOND: Sure. Yugo’s.

FARBER: All I got was a motorcycle…

MCFADDEN: Harvard and Princeton have been dumping all over us. Every prospective student has heard that Jerry Hausman cashed in his Frequent Flyer miles for a 727. And some even know that Marty Weitzman has a Harvard offer.

FISCHER: Well, that offer was certainly no surprise. The Harvard deans read THE SHARE ECONOMY and decided they should hire more workers.

DIAMOND: Still, we’re getting the best students. This morning I signed a Yale undergrad by offering him Solow’s office. I figured Bob can share E52-390 with Krugman, Eckaus, and Farber next year. But what happens when we run out of river-view offices?

FARBER: How’s Harvard doing on recruiting?

ECKAUS: Not too well. They’re on a big kick to look relevant. Mas-Collel’s going nuts—Dean Spence has a new rule that any agent in a theoretical model has to have a proper name. Andreu’s having real problems with his continuum papers…

MCFADDEN: I hear the Kennedy School’s helping their visibility. Have you heard about the new Meese Distinguished Service Medal?

DIAMOND: No. Who’s getting them?

MCFADDEN: Sammy Stewart for Distinguished Relief Pitching,
Martin Feldstein for Distinguished Empirical Work,
Larry Summers for Distinguished Dress,
NASA for distinction in Travel Safety,
Bob Lucas and Bob Barro for Distinguished Plausible Assumptions,
Ferdinand Marcos for Distinguished Contributions to Charity,
and John Kenneth Galbraith for Distinguished Use of Mathematics.

DORNBUSCH: Harvard’s visibility campaign’s paying off. Just last week one of their junior guys hit the cover of PEOPLE magazine with a paper about marriage rates among movie stars.

FISCHER: You read PEOPLE?

FARBER: The National Enquirer had a story about a Harvard student who claimed to have a picture of Jeff Sachs in Littauer. Just like the old days with Howard Hughes…

DORNBUSCH: Perhaps we should return to the game.

(MODIGLIANI walks on).

DIAMOND: My turn again? (Rolls dice and moves piece). Community Chest. (Looking at card) You are elected department head. Lose three turns.

(Someone walks up and hands DIAMOND a telephone message. He stands up.)

DIAMOND: I nearly forgot. I’m scheduled to join Mike Weisbach who is taking a prospective student windsurfing this afternoon. Figured it was the least I could do to convince him we were as laid back as Stanford. Franco—do you want to take my place?

MODIGLIANI: (Sitting down in Diamond’s place) So, what are the new developments on the Monopoly front? [Famous Modigliani paper “New Developments on the Oligopoly Front,” JPE, June 1958] (Pause) Now, which of these pieces is Peter’s?

MCFADDEN: The coconut. [Reference here to Diamond’s coconut model of a search economy.]

MODIGLIANI: My turn now?

FISCHER: No Franco—but go ahead. [presumably a reference to Modigliani’s propensity to talk, and talk, and talk.]

MODIGLIANI: (Rolls dice and moves marker). Chance. (McFadden hands him a card). What is this? You have won second prize in a Beauty Contest, Collect $10? This is NOT POSSIBLE. This year I win only FIRST PRIZES [reference to 1985 Nobel Prize for Economics].

DORNBUSCH: (To audience) Wait till he gets the bequest card… [cf. the JEP Spring 1988 paper by Modigliani that surveys the bequest motive]

FISCHER: Franco, I have a deal for you. I’ll trade you Mediterranean and the Water Works for North Carolina and an agreement that you never charge me rent on either property. If you renege, I’ll order Chinese food.

MODIGLIANI: No deal. But what’s this about Chinese food?

FISCHER: It’s a new thing I learned from Garth [Soloner]—it makes the deal sub-gum perfect.

MCFADDEN: My turn. (Rolls and draws a Chance card). My favorite card: Advance Token to the Railroad with the Highest Logit Probability Value. Let me see which one that is… (pulls out a calculator)

FISCHER: While we’re waiting for Dan to converge, how did we do in junior hiring? Did we get that Princeton theorist?

ECKAUS: No dice. All the Princeton guys told him not to come.

DORNBUSCH: Why?

ECKAUS: They said “Go to Yale, go directly to Yale.”

MODIGLIANI: What about senior appointments?

FARBER: Ask Peter [Temin]. He’s on the Search Committee.

MCFADDEN: (Looking up from calculator). I’m having convergence problems. Maybe we should postpone the game for a few minutes while I run down to the PRIME.

[the image of the last page at my disposal is very blurred, fortunately it is only the wrap-up by the announcer]

ANNOUNCER: As you all know, NOTHING takes a few minutes on the PRIME. So until next year, when the [?] [?] Solow who accompanied Stan, 3PO and R2D2 to [?] the [?] [?] from Chicago returns to produce another skit. Good night.

 

Source: Duke University, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library. Economists’ Papers Archive. Papers of Robert M. Solow, Box 83.

Categories
Funny Business

Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle. Hektographing for Dummies, 1889

 

 

From the official organ of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, The Chautauquan, we have the following recipe for creating duplicates of material prepared for distribution at one of the local circles. One of the reasons that walk-talk-and-chalk remained the pedagogical choice of many professors for so long.

Here is a more recent guide to the process put together by the University of Iowa Libraries.

_______________________

[Do-it-yourself Hektograph, 1889]

THE hektograph is a useful contrivance for taking several copies of any written document. In circles it is so convenient for printing programs and circulars that we print here directions for preparing one, with ink.

Take 2 oz. of gelatine (Cooper’s preferred) and 12% fluid oz. of glycerine. Soak the gelatine over night and drain well. Put the glycerine into a small pail or any suitable vessel and set it into another and larger dish which has been partly filled with salt water. By heating the salt water to the boiling point, the glycerine may be raised to a temperature of 200°; when this temperature is obtained, add the gelatine to the glycerine, and heat the mixture for several hours to drive off the water. Now pour the fluid into a shallow pan and allow it to cool for at least twelve hours. (A shallow oblong tin pan 8 by 10 inches in size and one inch in depth may be made by the tinner; an ordinary oblong pie pan will answer the purpose, or even a thin board with laths nailed around the edge.)

The ink for use on the hektograph is made by putting 1/6 oz. 3 B. purple aniline in 1 fluid oz. of hot water. On cooling add 1/6 oz. each of alcohol and glycerine.

To use the pad, write with an ordinary pen, on a sheet of paper whatever you wish to print, using the above ink. Allow the ink to dry on the paper of its own accord, without the use of the blotting paper. When dry lay the paper, the written side down, on the pad, pressing it down lightly and smoothly. Now by taking the corner of the paper between the thumb and finger, it may be carefully removed leaving the impression from which the printing is to be done on the pad. To print, simply lay the paper evenly on the impression on the pad and press the surface very lightly. Thirty or forty impressions can be made before it will be necessary to write the copy over. As soon as the printing is done, wash the pad with a sponge or cloth, using lukewarm water, until all the ink is removed. The ink should not be allowed to stand on the pad. If the surface of the pad becomes uneven, the composition may be melted and poured back. New material may be added at any time.

Source: The Chautauquan, Vol. 10, No. 2 (November, 1889), pp. 234-235.

Image Source:  “Jell-O Cup” will get jiggly” from the website www.amny.com posted April 10, 2014.

 

Categories
Economists Funny Business

Oberlin and Syracuse. Baseball and John R. Commons, 1886 and 1898

 

While getting material for the previous post that provided a bibliography of sociology at Oberlin prepared by John R. Commons in 1891-92, I came across two instances when baseball was important enough to warrant mention in his autobiography.  There is an allegory in Commons’ belief that he had discovered the “curve ball” in 1886, only to discover that it, like fire and the wheel, it had been discovered earlier. (See, “The story of baseball’s first curveball“). It defies belief, but yes, in 1898 it was considered radical for someone to argue that workers had a right to play baseball on a Sunday, so radical as to result in the elimination of a professorship! 

______________________

Curve Ball and Bean Ball

“I had read in the printing office at Leesburg, Florida, in the year 1885-86, that Herbert Spencer had recently maintained that, according to the science of physics, it was impossible to pitch a curved ball. He knew not the seams on the ball and forgot the friction of the air. His was evidently a single-track mind. Ever after, I looked for the omitted factors, or the ones taken for granted and therefore omitted, by the great leaders in the science of economics. That was how I became an economic skeptic.

My brother and I experimented on Spencer’s omitted factors, with our log house as backstop. I learned all four curves. When I returned to Oberlin in April, 1886, the baseball season was on. The seniors, my former classmates, were sweeping everything. My brilliant friend, Job Fish, was their pitcher. He could get his lessons in a third of the time it took me, and then gave the rest of the time to preparing me for recitations. His was a huge muscular frame and he could throw a straight ball like a cannon. Nobody, it seems, had ever heard of a curved ball. The catcher on the junior side discovered my twisters. He made the signs to me. The slow up-curve did the business. Job Fish got the only “out” that I pitched. It came straight to me like a thunderbolt. Somehow, unconsciously, from boyhood habit, I reached out my left hand and held it. I could not use that hand for two weeks. My friend, the catcher, did not make the “out” sign to me again. He stuck to the “up” sign, though my “ups” were slow. Nobody got to first base in the first eight innings. The score stood 7 to 0 in our favor. Then Job got mad. He quit throwing over the base and threw at me. Certainly he rattled me when I came to the bat. He hit me on the side of the head, adjoining the temple. Evidently I was not an all-round ball player. My playing was academic, like Herbert Spencer’s theory. I had not learned to dodge straight lightning. I insisted on pitching the ninth inning. But the boys of my own team physically held me down. They took me to the doctor. He encouraged us all by saying that such a blow did not usually show its results until ten years later. They forced me to bed, where my indigestion returned for a week. My substitute pitcher, Harry Brown, afterwards chaplain to Roosevelt’s Rough Riders, could not, by his straight ball, keep the seniors from making ten runs in the ninth inning. But the Athletic

Association held a mass-meeting that afternoon. They voted Job unanimously out of baseball forever.

Ten years later I had a letter from Job, then a high official with the Otis Elevator Company. He wrote that he had been worrying about me these ten years, but seeing that I was not yet dead, or insane, he must tell me how ashamed and glad he was. We returned to our good friendship. Poor fellow, he died within a year or two, and here I am, forty years after the doctor’s allotted ten years, though with the same indigestion.

I never played baseball again.

In this old age of mine I began to brag about pitching the first curved ball in America. I was able to get away with it on a visit to Oberlin, where I was currying favor with the students to listen to my lecture on political economy. There were two witnesses on the faculty who got up and testified. They had seen the game. Then I tried to brag it out, in Madison, on my fifty-year-old Town and Gown Club. One member figured out that he had seen a curved ball in 1884. Therefore, I was the first at Oberlin but not the first in America. So it is ever thus. I may do something stunning or unexpected, but, if so, I soon drop out because somebody else does it better or has already done it. I have found my most brilliant thoughts anticipated long before, in my study of earlier economists in the original.”

Source: John R. Commons. Myself. New York: Macmillan, 1934. Pp. 28-30.

Play Ball…on Sunday (on your own account)

“One Sunday morning, at Syracuse, I arrived on the night train from a two-weeks’ residence at the University Settlement in New York. In the morning newspaper, on the train, I read an announcement that on that Sunday evening there would be a union meeting of all the churches at the municipal auditorium to protest against the mayor’s refusal to enforce the law against Sunday baseball. I was named as one of the speakers. I was startled because I had not received any invitation to speak. The Catholic mayor was my friend, and I was trying to omit modern religion from sociology and stick only to ethnology. I went around immediately to see my friend, the Methodist minister, whose name appeared in the paper as manager of the meeting. I asked him how it came that I was announced as one of the speakers without previous invitation. He said they had been trying to get a workingman to speak but could find only one who was willing. He turned out to believe that the biblical Sunday was Saturday, and that our Sunday came over from the heathen who worshiped the Sun-god. Evidently he was a scholar, but evidently also disqualified as an opponent of Sunday baseball. So they thought I was as near being a working man as they could find, and announced me because it was too late to ask me by wire.

Chancellor Day was to be the chairman and principal speaker of the mass meeting. There was also the city attorney representing the mayor. His speech was quite political and evasive. I was too timid to speak at the meeting, but finally the minister persuaded me. I looked up one of my labor acquaintances to take me around to all the ball grounds on that Sunday afternoon. We found there large crowds of sober workingmen with their families, with no admission fees, and with pick-up teams of players from the various industries. At the mass meeting of about 3,000 I spoke after the politician. I recited what I had seen during the day. I opposed professional baseball with admission fees on Sunday, but contended that the city should open up free parks, on the abandoned saltpans of the old town of Salina, for all kinds of athletic games for workingmen on that day. As long as employers kept workingmen from having a Saturday half-holiday, the only relief for exercise and sobriety was Sunday. I was hissed by the audience. The Chancellor made no criticism but rather excused me. The daily newspapers stood for me.

A few days afterwards the Chancellor called me to his office. He told me of letters received from ministers and others declaring they would withdraw their children if I were not removed. His reply to them was that I had perfect liberty to speak what I thought, though he would be sorry to lose their children.

A year or so later, in the month of March, 1899, he called me in again. He said that the trustees, at their preceding meeting in December, had voted to discontinue the chair in sociology. I was not dismissed but my chair was pulled out from under me. I did not know about it until three months later. He explained that when he went out on his trips to obtain money for the University from hoped-for contributors, they refused as long as I held a chair in the University. Also, at a recent national meeting of college presidents which he attended, all had agreed that no person with radical tendencies should be appointed to their faculties. Therefore I had no hope for another college position. He was convincing and I never tried to get another teaching job.

I began to draw some inferences …. It was not religion, it was capitalism, that governed Christian colleges. Afterwards I sought the fundamental reason, and included it in my historical development of Institutional Economics. The older economists based their definitions of wealth on holding something useful for one’s own use and exchange. I distinguished a double meaning. The other meaning was, withholding from others what they need but do not own. This was something real to me and the Chancellor. It made possible a distinction of Wealth from Assets which I began to think economists and laity had failed to distinguish.”

Source: John R. Commons. Myself. New York: Macmillan, 1934. Pp. 56-58.

Image Source: Ibid. p. 38.

Categories
Economic History Funny Business Minnesota

Minnesota. What are economic historians made of? Heaton, 1949

 

My serious blog work has regrettably kept me lately from adding more to the series of “Funny Business” posts in Economics in the Rear-view Mirror. So as a late St. Nicholas present for 2020, I give you today’s post “What are economic historians made of?” composed by the University of Minnesota economic historian, Herbert Heaton.

Chapters from Heaton’s textbook Economic History of Europe (Revised, 1948) were assigned in the first economic history course I ever took; Harry Miskimin at Yale (Fall Semester, 1971) taught that class.

Heaton began his Presidential address before the Economic History Association with the following “foul doggerel” based on the children’s rhyme about “Snips and snails / And puppy dogs’ tails” (boys) and “Sugar and spice / And everything nice” (girls) and published in The Journal of Economic History, vol. 9, Supplement: The Tasks of Economic History (1949), pp. 1-18.

Heaton was the chair of the University of Minnesota’s history department from 1954 until 1958 when he retired. His short obituary in the New York Times (Jan. 26, 1973) also noted that Heaton was a visiting professor at Princeton in 1939-1940.

Of further interest

Heaton, Herbert. Edwin Gay, A Scholar in Action (1952).

Herbert Heaton papers at the University of Minnesota.

Biographical leads

Bourke, Helen. Heaton, Herbert (1890-1973). Australian Dictionary of Biography.

King, Jack. Herbert Heaton: A Scholar ‘Exiled’. History of Economics Review, Winter 2006

_____________________

What are economic historians made of?

Open fields and lord’s domains,
Venice loses, Antwerp gains.
Gold and silver that were Spain’s,
Factories, slums, and smelly drains.
Oople1 profits, workers’ chains,
Secular trends, depression pains.
Westward movements cross the plains,
Marx, Max Weber, Sombart, Keynes,
That’s what economic historians are made of.

1That is the English pronunciation of “entrepreneurial.”

_____________________

Biographical Snapshot from 1931
John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation

HERBERT HEATON

Fellow: Awarded 1931
Field of Study: Economic History
Competition: US & Canada
Born: 06-06-1890
Died: 01-24-1973

As published in the Foundation’s Report for 1931–32:

HEATON, HERBERT:  Appointed to complete collection of material in Yorkshire and London for a volume on the Industrial Revolution in the Yorkshire woolen and worsted industries; tenure, twelve months from August 1, 1931.

Born June 6, 1890, in England. Education: University of Leeds, B.A., 1911, M.A., 1912, D.Litt., 1921; University of Birmingham, M. Com., 1914.

Assistant Lecturer in Economics, 1912–14, University of Birmingham; Lecturer in History and Economics, 1914-16, University of Tasmania; Lecturer in Economics, 1917-25, University of Adelaide; Head of Department of Economic and Political Science, 1925-27, Queen’s University, Canada; Professor of Economic History, 1927—, University of Minnesota.

Publications:  History of the Yorkshire Woolen and Worsted Industries from the Earliest Times to the Industrial Revolution, 1920;  Modern Economic History, with Special Reference to Australia, 1921. Articles in Thoresby Society Transactions, Economic Journal, Journal of Economic and Business History, Economic History Review, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Australian Economic Record, American Economic Review, Dalhousie Review, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Journal of Canadian Bankers Association, Queen’s Quarterly, Minnesota History, Virginia Quarterly Review. Contributor to Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences.

Source (also source of the image): John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Fellows page for Herbert Heaton.

 

Categories
Funny Business M.I.T.

MIT. Faculty Christmas Party Skit. Seven Stages of a Student, 1964

 

The following faculty skit from the M.I.T. economics department apparently had multiple authors. The last act was penned by Robert Solow–it was the only part of the script that was written in long-hand and only Act VI of this skit is found in Robert Solow’s papers in the Duke archives). Unfortunately Act V “The Thesis Defense” was not included in the Graduate Economics Association (1961-67) folder of the Economics Department Records at the M.I.T. Archives.

Attempts at racial, ethnic and gendered humor need no further comment than to note their respective shelf-lives expired two generations ago.

____________________________

GEA Christmas party 1964

Appetite of a Man; Income of a Boy
(The Seven Stages of a Student)
a play in six acts

Cast

Student—played by [blank]
Registration Officer—played by [blank]
Other students, professors, deans, etc.

Act I—The Admission Interview
Act II—Registration
Act III—Talk to the First-Year Class
Act IV—The General Examination
Act V—The Thesis Defense
Act VI—Employment: Going out into The World

TO THE CAST: IF YOU DON’T LIKE A LINE, IMPROVE ON IT.

 

Act I: The Admission Interview—Student and Admissions Committee

Student Applicant: Sir, I believe you have an economics department here at MIT. Can you tell me why?

Prof. 1: Why does a dog have fleas? To keep things stirred up. But how did you hear about it?

Student: Oh, I follow the basketball scores very closely. If this is the Admissions Committee, I’d like to apply.

Prof. 2: How did you do in college?

Student: I averaged 27 points a game.

Prof. 3: No, we want to know how you did in your college work. Tell us something about your grades, about your preparation, especially in economics and mathematics.

Student: We’ll get to that jazz in due course. But let me remind you, I am interviewing you, not you me. You tell me about fellowships, about student loans, and about parking stickers, how are the students fixed for the things that count.

Prof. 2: Well, you can get a Woodrow Wilson.

Student: If I was going to deal with Woodrow Wilson, I’d have gone to Princeton where they have the school and $35 million, to say nothing of $5.3 million on the side in history.

Prof. 1: There’s the National Science Foundation.

Student: Whose got the balance-of-payments disequilibrium. I am talking of how much money you are going to give me, not how much money I am going to bring to you. Now get this straight: I have expenses. These Triumphs cost money to maintain, and my girl likes steak. I also want refinance my stock market operations from my broker’s 6% to what I understand are your 2% loans for students. You give me tuition plus $5,000, plus another $5,000 loan, plus a ticket to park my car inside the Grover C. Hermann Building, or I’m on my way to Yale on a NASA.

Chorus: Nasa’s in the cole, cole groun. [Song by Stephen Foster “Masa’s in the Cold, Cold Ground”]

 

Act II—Registration

Reg. Off.—This stuff is pretty cut and dried: 14.121 Bishop, if you’re strong enough to turn the crank and carry the script; 14.451, mathematics, statistics, and a course like history, labor, trade, money.

Student: Whoa, back. Not so fast. First, let’s worry about the languages. There’s Spanish.

Reg. Off. We don’t let students take Spanish unless they are interested in development in Latin America, and have a need to read the limited literature.

Student: I guess I prefer Portugese.

Reg. Off. Development in Brazil.

Student: The Bossa Nova. But after the language, I think I’ll start on the minor: some of the 15 courses: Social Distance and Proximity during and After the Office Party, that sounds interesting; and maybe Design Packaging, how to get a nickel’s worth of stuff into a buck’s package; and Engineering Social Change for Chemical Engineers, or what to do after the Stink Bomb drops by mistake.

Reg. Off. And 14.121

Student: and some courses in the soft option: what is it this year, trade, labor, development? What about that course I heard about in which the students all graded each other on how they related to one another—a children’s party with an A for each kid.

Reg. Off. And 14.121.

Student: And a course at Harvard with real razz-matazz: Lady Jackson [Barbara Mary Ward, Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth, a development economist], and Man Galbraith, and Senor Chenery, and Don [here the honorific title for a nobleman] Hirschman.

Reg. Off. Look pal. Everybody takes 14.121.

Student: You can’t mean that we do too, those of us here on athletic scholarships.

 

Act III—Reg. Off. To the First-Year Class.

Student 1 whispering to Student 2: They say it’s a terrible experience. Students faint and dragged out. Chills come over them. There’s a lot of talk of Cs and Ds, and fellowships being taken away, and students walking the plank.

Student 2, whispering to Student 1: Naw, it’s no worse than a bad cold, and you’re not a man until you’ve had it.

Reg. Off. “Look to the right of you, look to the left of you. Of the three of you, only one will be here next term.” What famous book on economics started that way and the edition had to be suppressed. You students really have it made. Appetite of a man; income of a Boy. How much better you are off than my older colleagues, with their income of a man, and appetites of a boy.

Student: What about Grades?

Reg. Off. Grades? Grades? Who pays any attention to grades? Grades are trivial; the second order of smalls; a mere epsilon, nothing. Of course you need one A to get tuition money for the second year, and a second A for every $100 of coffee-and-cakes money. But grades? Who needs ‘em? They’re for undergraduates, for grade hounds, for Phi Beta Kappa or College-Bowl kids. Concentrate on higher things like saying Stolper-Samuelson and not (repeat not) Samuelson-Stolper.

 

Act IV: The General Examination

Prof 1: Good morning, Mr. Mittlablook.

Prof 2: Good morning, Mr. Pswoom.

Prof 3: Good morning, Mr. Pixyquicksel

Student (aside): Isn’t it lovely, they all know my name after two years.

Prof 1: Let’s get down to business.

Student: Must we?

Prof 2: What would you like to be examined in first? I see we have economic theory, economic history, and textbook writing and consulting fees.

Student: I am afraid I am not responsible for any of those.

Prof 3: We would all like to say the same.

Student: I was told when I came that I could be examined in comparative economic systems, the difference between capitalist and socialist economies, and free enterprise sink or swim.

Prof 1: Those fields were discontinued this morning.

Prof 2: Yes, I am afraid you’ll have to take the exam in economic theory and history.

Student: I think that is dreadfully unfair.

Prof 3: Well let me start you off by asking you a question in economic history. Consider the period which used to be known as the industrial revolution. This was accompanied, as you know by a large population explosion. Would you discuss the relative roles of (a) men and (b) women, in this development?

Student: Well, I suppose you could say that they each contributed something but the truth lies somewhere in between.

Prof 1: Wrong; you are supposed to say that the roles are neither reflexive, symmetric, nor transitive.

(STAGE DIRECTION: The last time we tried that line we stepped on it. It should be read with greater expression.)

Prof 2: That question was meant to combine economic history and economic theory. Let me ask you one about the history of economic theory. Name a business cycle theorist who was also a Russian cowboy.

Student: Evsey Domar.

Prof 3: Wrong again; Tugan Baranowsky. (general groans)

Prof 1: Now we come to your third field which is, I understand, professor imitating.

Student: Yes, I have learned to make noises like a professor now and then.

Prof 2: That will be no doubt fascinating at the Christmas Party.

Prof 3: Imitate a professor.

Student: How can I imitate a professor when I am a professor imitating a student?

Prof 1: Imitate a professor imitating a student imitating a professor.

Student: I am not responsible for infinite sequences.

Prof 2: Could you leave the room while we discuss you please. You’ll hear from us in about three years Thursday. (student leaves)

Prof 3: Well, what shall we do? He is a bright boy but he didn’t do too well.

Prof 1: On the other hand, I thought he was a stupid boy but did very well.

Prof 2: I see that as usual we are in complete agreement.

Prof 3: There is only one thing we can do. Give him an excellent plus and tell him not to write his thesis.

END OF SCENE.

 

Act V. The Thesis Defense
[missing]

 

Act VI. Employment

[Handwritten mimeo, author: Robert Solow]

Student sitting grandly in chair, feet on table, cigar? Del Tapley shows in two interviewers, I1 and I2.

D.T.: Mr. Auster, sir, these servile wretches represent Princeton and the University of Minnesota. They have an audience, I mean appointment, with you.

  1. Come in chaps. Sorry to have to see you two at the same time like this, but my schedule is very crowded. I have to squeeze in the rest of the Big Ten this morning; and this afternoon I’m seeing Yale, Chicago, and a representative of the Free Speech Movement at Berkeley.

I1: You mean…

A: Yes. Radner almost made it with that beard. But somehow he was just a little too much Commander Whitehead [president of Schweppes U.S.A. and featured in the Schweppes advertisements] and not enough Fidel. Anyhow, he’s been dropped. The FSM [Free Speech Movement] has eliminated the middleman. Mario [Savio, a leader of the Free Speech Movement] may come himself. We’re sending a delegation to meet him, at the B&A [Boston and Albany Railroad] yards. Must remind Marcelle and Cynthia not to comb their hair. But what can I do for you, or vice versa?

I2: Well, we do feel Minnesota has a lot to offer a young man…

A: Stop feeling and start offering.

I2: Sorry, sir. Our special CRAP salaries…

A: What?

I2: Charles River Assistant Professorships—they start at $17,500. Unfortunately since Walter [Walter Heller] got back they’re only allowed to go up at 3.2% a year, but we try to make it up in sly ways. That’s for 9 months, of course…

A: Nine months?

I2: Well, not nine full months—we do have a special slush fund to cover the week between terms. And we send you all expenses paid to the annual Christmas meeting any time it is in Miami. Of course if it’s not in Miami, we just send you to Miami.

A: Only fair. Pretty cold out there. Of course Adelman goes to the Virgin Islands every winter.

I1: I’ve heard that Solow curls up in a hollow tree in Concord and hibernates.

A: How can they tell? Never mind. Seventeen-five sounds reasonable. What about the teaching load?

I2: Teaching load? I didn’t realize you were actually willing to do any teaching. In that case you begin at 20,000, naturally. What were you thinking of teaching?

A: Why near-decomposability, of course. Is there anything else? By the way, do you have a Community Antenna Television Association [CATV]?

I2: No, but…

A: No buts. I’m not interested. But you ought to see Bridger Mitchell [MIT graduate student, a telecommunications expert with Charles River Associates] while you’re here—I understand he won’t go to any university within 100 miles of a CATV. Tell me about Princeton.

I2: But I haven’t told you about the 13/9th summer pay, or the every-other-year sabbatical, or how you get Leo Hurwicz for a research assistant, and girls, girls, girls,…

A: Sorry. Not interested. Actually, I’m not anxious to leave the East coast anyway. To tell you the truth, I’m not even sure how to do it. Tell me about Princeton.

I1: I do hope you will think seriously about Princeton, sir. We’re rather different from this Johnny-come-lately place, you know. More like a way of life. Gentlemen-scholars. Culture. Charm[?] Ivy. Yet intellect. We did have Einstone, you know.

A: You mean Einstein?

I1: Well, we suggested he change his name. Don’t think we’re stuffy, however Princeton had a Negro student as long as 30 years ago. And one of these days we’re going to have another one. Our salaries may not be so high nor our teaching loads as light as those cow colleges’, but we’ve got class.

A: Even if I don’t take the job, I’ll put a tiger in my tank. But just how big is the teaching load?

I1: Eleven hours.

A: Eleven hours a month isn’t too bad—after all, I run out of material on near-decomposability after 22 hours. But throw in a few trips to Washington, a week or two at the Bureau for decompression, Christmas in Miami, and the term is over.

I1: The Princeton faculty doesn’t go to Miami. I’m afraid it’s eleven hours a week?

A: You are kidding. How can anybody teach eleven hours a week and still keep up his ONR [Office of Naval Research] project, his NSF [National Science Foundation] grant, and his consulting for oil companies?

I2: The whole Minnesota department doesn’t teach 11 hours a week. Don’t be hasty, sir. We’ll buy you a Community Antenna Television set-up.

I1: Don’t listen to him. You don’t have to lecture for 11 hours a week. You can work off some of it by discussion with graduate students.

A: I don’t see why Princeton graduate students should be treated better than MIT students. What’s the pay?

I1: Eighty-five hundred.

A: Eighty-five hundred! Is that in 1954 dollars or something?

I2: In Berkeley a teaching assistant gets 8500 just for picketing.

A: You’re having [?] me on.

I1: I can see you’re not the Princeton type. Hardly anyone is.

A: How clever can you get? Well, gentlemen, thank you for dropping in. I’ll let you know in due course. Don’t call me, I’ll call you.

I2: By the way, could you tell me what you’re writing your thesis on and how far you’ve got?

A: None of your goddamn business. But if you must know, Kuh once said that one regression is worth a thousand words. I figure 35,000 words makes a pretty fair thesis, so I’m doing 35 regressions.

I1: On what?

A: On a computing machine, you dope. Now I’m afraid I have another appointment. I suppose some of the other students have agreed to see you. Miss Tapley will show you the way.

D.T.: Your next appointment is ready. The gentlemen from Harvard and Yale are waiting, the Wharton School has sent Albert Ando and two other people he claim are named Flend [Irwin Friend] and Klavis [Irving Kravis], there is a man from Northwestern who drove up in a Brink’s armored car he says is full of bills in small denominations, and the New York Knickerbockers claim they’ve picked the whole class in the draft.

 

Source: M.I.T. Libraries, Institute Archives and Special Collections. MIT Department of Economics Records. Box 2, Folder “GEA 1961-67”.

Image Source:From the Flying Car to the Giant R2-D2: The Greates MIT Hacks of All-Time“, by Robert McMillan. Wired, March 20, 2013.

“Boston’s Harvard Bridge is 364.4 Smoots long. And the fact that anybody would remember this in 2013 was probably the furthest thing from MIT freshman Oliver Smoot’s mind on the October 1958 night that he lay himself down, time and again, along the bridge, allowing his fraternity brothers to measure its length (each Smoot is about 5 feet, 7 inches). It was a fraternity prank, but the next year the bridge’s Smoot markers were repainted. Thus, an MIT landmark — and a unique unit of measurement — was born.

Smoot himself went on to become a board member of the American National Standards Institute — a standards man through and through.”

Categories
Funny Business M.I.T.

M.I.T. Economics Faculty Skit à la Rowan and Martin’s “Laugh-In”, December 1968

 

This post continues our series “Funny Business” that features successful and less-than-successful attempts at humor by economists. Reading one of these historical skits demands the reader to concede that the defense, “It seemed funny at the time,” might actually be valid for fifty year old jokes.  At the December 1968 Graduate Economics Association party the M.I.T. economics faculty offered its version of the wildly popular, frenetic comedy series “Rowan and Martin’s Laugh-In” (like “Sit-in”, get it? As I just said, “it seemed funny at the time”). 

For young and non-U.S. historians of economics, remote learning of the original Laugh-In content is easy:

Rowan & Martin’s Laugh-In information at IMDb.
Rowan & Martin’s Laugh-In highlights on YouTube.

The tag-line “Sock it to me” was a creation of the 1960s and made a meme by Rowan and Martin’s Laugh-In. Paul Samuelson closing the skit with that line is almost up there with 1968 Presidential candidate Richard Nixon’s saying it in his cameo appearance on Laugh-In.

The skit transcript below includes some square-bracketed comments to help the reader. Of course, nothing says “joke” more than a good footnote.

______________________

Reminder/Invitation

December 11, 1968

Graduate Students, Faculty Members
and Secretaries

DON’T FORGET!!

            A week from today is the GEA Christmas Party—Tuesday, December 17th. The festivities will begin at 8:00 pm in the Campus Room of Ashdown House. Admission is only $1.00 and the entertainment is free.

______________________

GEA CHRISTMAS SKIT 1968
[Faculty]

 

Music

[Franklin M.] Fisher: It’s the Faculty Laugh-In.

Music

(Enter [E. Cary] Brown, [Paul A.] Samuelson and [Robert L.] Bishop,
Brown and Samuelson sit.)

Samuelson: For the first question on your advanced theory oral:
Who was the greatest economist of all time?
Bishop (After much thought) Pigou…

Music

[Morris] Adelman: It is written: when offer curve bend backwards, then is time to send [Walt] Rostow to Texas.
[For background to Rostow Affair, see Appendix below]

Music—through

[Matthew D.] Edel (carries sign) “Economics is a dismal science”

([Peter] Temin and [Duncan] Foley enter as Rowan and Martin)

Foley: It certainly was a swell idea to put on a faculty laugh-in.
Temin: It’s so much easier than thinking up a connected skit.
Foley: Well, what cute laugh-in type feature do we have coming up next?
Temin: I see by my script here that we’re going to have a “Laugh-in looks at…” next.
Foley: Yes, it says: Faculty laugh-in looks at the new [Nixon] administration.

Music

[Jerome] Rothenberg: Washington: James Reston has expressed outrage at news reports that the University of Maryland has no plans to hire Spiro T. Agnew.
[Motivation for James Reston mention here see, Appendix “Rostow Affair” below]
Temin: Meanwhile at the Council of Economic Advisers, Republicans begin to grapple with the unaccustomed complexities of the Federal budget.

(enter Bishop and Foley)

Bishop: They always said Art Okun could do it with a pencil on the back of an envelope.
[See Appendix below]
Foley: I still think we’d better wait for the computer printout.
Bishop: No, look, its easy. Let’s see, how does it go? Is it Y = C + the deficit, or does the deficit = Y + C?

Music

Temin: At the same time we hear the swan song of liberals seeking sanctuary on college campuses.
Fisher: Song “Hey Dick [Nixon]”
[presumably to the tune of “Hey Jude”, lyrics to parody not in the file]
Rothenberg: Washington: the M.I.T. economics department has again startled Washington circles by announcing that it will not hire Henry Kissinger in 1972.
[cf. Appendix below on “Rostow Affair”]
Foley: Why don’t we just use their budget?
Bishop: And give up on the job? It can’t be that hard.
Foley: We don’t even have the computer printout yet.
Bishop: Doesn’t investment come in here someplace?

Music

Rothenberg: Washington: It has just been learned that the M.I.T. economics department, responding to the furor over the Rostow affair has abolished its economic history requirement.
[see Appendix below]

Music

(Man seated, knock on door: goes to answer, returns)

Adelman: Dear, Mr. Brower is here to fix the point (calling).
[Punny reference to Brower’s fixed-point theorem  that is a building block for the proof of the existence of a general equilibrium.]

Music—through

Edel (carries sign) “Pigou Power”

(Enter Bishop, Brown, Samuelson)

Brown: Describe an Edgeworth-Bowley Box.
Bishop: (gesturing) It’s about so wide…

Music

(Enter Foley and Temin)

Foley: What movie did you see last night?
Temin: “Thoroughly Modern Miltie”
[clearly “Milton Friedman”, the film’s title was “Thoroughly Modern Miltie”]

Music—through

Fisher (carries sign) “Nest principal minors”
[Linear algebra joke, written like a creepy, even pedophilic, command here, “nested principal minors” or “nest of principal minors” would be proper.]
Rothenberg: The negative definite is equivalent to the lie direct.
[Shakespeare As You Like It, V:iv in Appendix below]

Music

Foley: The computer printout is here!

(enter tons of printout)

Bishop: I think I’ve got it!
Foley: What?
Bishop: One of Okun’s envelopes. How old do you think this is anyway?

Music

Samuelson:

A Poem
by Paul A. Samuelson

Some people cover lots more ground
But no one handles the New York Times like Carey Brown.

[Likely another reference to the Rostow Affair, see Appendix Below]

Music

(Adelman seated, door knock)

Adelman: Dear, Mr. [Evsey] Domar is here to compare the systems.
[One of Evsey Domar signature courses was “Comparative Economic Systems”]

Music

Foley: What movie did you see last night?
Temin: Ride the high Pontry
[“Ride the High Country”, 1962 Western film by Sam Peckinpah]
Foley: What Pontry again?
[A punny reference to Pontryagin’s maximum principle in optimal control theory.]

Music

(Enter Bishop, Samuelson, Brown)

Brown: What was Marshall’s greatest contribution?
Bishop: In 1903, Marshall gave £1500 to King’s College.

Music

(Enter Fisher and Temin with box)

“2 squares least stage”
(sign)
[“2-stage least squares” is the name of statistical procedure, here Fisher and Temin are the two “squares“.]

Music

Adelman: Mark Hopkins said the ideal education is a professor and a student sitting on a log, with the professor talking to the student. I sometimes think I would get the same results sitting on the student and talking to the log.

Music

Bishop: Sock it to me

Music

(Enter Temin and Foley)

Temin: Here we are out here again imitating Rowan and Martin.
Foley: Shouldn’t you be standing on the other side? What now?
Temin: Now we’re giving the “Flying Fickle Finger of Fat Award” just like on TV.
Foley: And who gets the “Flying Fickle Finger of Fat Award”?
Temin: Fate. The Flying Fickle Finger of Fate Award goes to…

(Music cue—fanfare)

Temin: Kenneth Boulding for receiving a vote of confidence from…himself.
[Boulding gave his Presidential address to the American Economic Association a few weeks later on “Economics as a Moral Science”. For likely background to the joke see the Appendix below.]

Music

Fisher: A Bordered hessian is a German mercenary surrounded by continentals.

Music

Samuelson:

(carries sign) “I am an external economist.”

Music

Foley: What movie did you see last night?
Temin: “Closely watched brains”
[“Closely watched trains”, 1966 Czech film directed by Jiří Menzel]

Music

Foley: (Poring over computer printout). I think the whole idea of the budget is a stupid, dumb, stupid idea. Why do we even need a budget?
Bishop: Look, we’ve got to have something to send down to the Congress tomorrow.
Foley: I’m going to hold my breath until the stupid deficit comes out right.
Bishop: Just try to remember whether capital gains are part of income or not.

Music cue

(Enter Fisher, Temin, Edel)
“3 squares least stage”
(sign)
[“3-stage least squares” is a statistical procedure, and Fisher, Temin and Edel are the three “squares“.]

Music

Brown: The students are revolting.
Bishop: Yes, I’ve though so for a long time.

Enter Everybody

Rothenberg: SDS Sam
[SDS=Students for a Democratic Society…
(wild guess) impression of Bogart saying “Play it Again Sam”?]
Foley: Well, here we are out here again, and it’s time to say…
Temin: Long joke.
Foley: Say goodnite, Peter.
Temin: Goodnite, Peter.
Samuelson: Sock it to me.

Source: M.I.T. Archives.  Folder “GEA 1967-68”.

_________________________

Appendix

 

Rostow Affair

Source: Howard Wesley Johnson, Holding the Center: Memoirs of a Life in Higher Education. From Chapter 8, pp. 189-90.

*   *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *

 

Art Okun’s Reputation as an economic forecaster “on the back of an envelope”

Source: Joseph A. Pechman contribution for In Memoriam: Arthur M. Okun. November 28, 128–March 23, 1980 (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1980), p. 14.

*   *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *

 

From Shakespeare’s As You Like It
Act V, Scene 4.

JAQUES

Can you nominate in order now the degrees of the lie?

TOUCHSTONE

O sir, we quarrel in print, by the book; as you have
books for good manners: I will name you the degrees.
The first, the Retort Courteous; the second, the
Quip Modest; the third, the Reply Churlish; the
fourth, the Reproof Valiant; the fifth, the
Countercheque Quarrelsome; the sixth, the Lie with
Circumstance; the seventh, the Lie Direct. All
these you may avoid but the Lie Direct; and you may
avoid that too, with an If. I knew when seven
justices could not take up a quarrel, but when the
parties were met themselves, one of them thought but
of an If, as, ‘If you said so, then I said so;’ and
they shook hands and swore brothers. Your If is the
only peacemaker; much virtue in If.

Source: From the Shakespeare homepage at M.I.T.

*   *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *

 

Kenneth Boulding’s Vote for AEA to Meet in Chicago in 1968

 

Source:  Robert Scott, Kenneth Boulding: A Voice Crying in the Wilderness (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014).

 

 

Categories
Chicago Economics Programs Funny Business

Chicago. Three things to learn when studying economics at Chicago. Harry Johnson, 1968

 

In an earlier post we found that Harry Johnson thought student course evaluations were useful when interpreted properly but of questionable utility for e.g. hiring and promotion decisions. His message to graduate students in 1968 transcribed below reveals three truths wrapped in irony. Perhaps there is an older Chicago-trained economist who can help younger, non-Chicago trained economists extract Harry Johnson’s intended signal from the satirical noise? At the bottom of this and every page of Economics in the Rear-view Mirror is space for comments.

________________________

SKIT FOR STUDENTS’ PARTY
May 17, 1968
by
Harry G. Johnson

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Pray silence, while you listen to and meditate upon the remarks of Chairman Harberger, as he addresses the new students in the Graduate School of Economics at the University of Chicago, I quote to you from the remarks of Chairman Harberger.

Many of you have graduated with distinction from reputable and respected undergraduate schools of economics; no doubt you expect to put in another three years or so learning those things that you had insufficient time or preparation to study as undergraduates, and acquiring the qualifications to teach in such a school, or to work for the government, or possibly—God forbid—to go into business.

The first thing you will have to learn is that you are stupid and misguided in this expectation. You have not learned what economics is about, and you will have to start all over again by unlearning what you have learnt, or think you have learnt. Real economics, as understood and applied at the University of Chicago is precisely what most of you have been taught to think of as nonsense, an archaic mythology disposed of by the pseudo-economics in which you have been trained. Real economics, the kind you are here to learn, is founded on the assumption that the price system works. This is a hard thing to believe; but after three years or so you too will come to believe it. Real economics is founded also on the assumption that the quantity of money—something most of you have never heard of—really matters. It matters not just for macroeconomics, but also for everything else from personal freedom to the poverty problem. This is an even harder thing to believe; but you will either learn to believe it, or perish in the attempt.

The second thing that you will have to learn is that nothing here is what it is called. Or, perhaps, following Humpty Dumpty, what things are called is not what they mean. Thus, you might be tempted to believe that the sequence of courses in money is designed to help you get through the money part of the Core. You have my personal assurance, publicly recorded this very afternoon, that this is not the case. Or you might expect that Course 302, described as being concerned with distribution theory, is about the theory of distribution. It is not. We offer you instead an embarrassment of riches: a choice between a 302 that is really a 303 on general equilibrium analysis, a course which we shall not be able to introduce formally until 1969; and a 302 which is a mixture of a course called 304, the pure theory of capital, that was discontinued some years ago for lack of student interest, and a course given at another time of the year under the number 371, international economic relations. After these hints, you will not I hope be surprised to learn that our econometrics sequence is not a sequence; and in the opinion of some informed people it is not properly described as econometrics either.

The third thing you will have to learn is that, if you want to learn something here, you will have to study something else. This is another example of the Humpty Dumpty approach towards words and meanings that we practice in this Department. Thus, if you want to be a regression analysis technician, you must do your thesis in labour economics. If you want to be an international trade or monetary economist, study mathematical economics. If you have a broad interest in society’s problems, and an unrepentant hankering after the social philosophizing of your undergraduate days, you must register in agricultural economics. If, by some strange chance, you are interested in agricultural economics, you must register as a specialist in economic history. If on the contrary you are interested in public finance, you must register in economic development—if you register in public finance so-called you will have to become an expert on pubic [sic] triangles. But just to confuse you, we have two specializations that mean what they say—international trade, and money and banking—though if you are interested in the monetary aspects of international trade, you will of course do your thesis in the money and banking workshop.

These are the three most important lessons a University of Chicago graduate student in economics has to learn. And you will learn them as you pass through the Department. If you do not learn them, I have one final remark to make to you. That remark is——goodbye.

Source: The Hoover Institution Archives. Milton Friedman Papers, Box 79, Folder 6 “University of Chicago Miscellaneous”.