Category: M.I.T.

M.I.T. Writings and addresses of Francis A. Walker, 1857-1897

Post author By Irwin Collier
Post date 2023-03-12

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WRITINGS
AND REPORTED ADDRESSES
OF FRANCIS A. WALKER.

The following bibliography, based upon memoranda and scrap books left by General Walker, has been prepared under the supervision of the Secretary of the [American Statistical] Association. It will be observed that references to newspapers have been included containing reports of addresses delivered on various occasions, but these have been mentioned only when the report was fairly complete, and appeared to be in the main accurate. The Secretary of the Association [David Rich Dewey] will be glad to receive corrections or additions.

1857. More Thoughts on the Hard Times. (Signed W.) National Era (Washington), October 29.

1858. Mr. Carey and Protection. (Not signed.) National Era (Washing top), January 21.

Why Are We Not a Manufacturing People? (Signed F. A. W.) National Era, January 28.
Mr. Carey on the History of Our Currency. (Signed F. A. W.) National Era, June 3.
Mr. Carey’s Letters.-Continued. (Signed F. A. W.) National Era, June 17.

1858-60. Contributions to the Ichnolite: a monthly magazine published by the students of Amherst College. Vols. 5, 6, 7, and 8.

1860. Contributions to The Undergraduate, New Haven. (After No. 1 the name of the magazine was changed to University Quarterly.) Vols. 1 and 2.

1868. On the Extinguishment of The National Debt. By “Poor Richard.” Bankers’ Magazine, July, vol. 23, pp. 20-34.

1868. Mr. Grote’s Theory of Democracy. Bibliotheca Sacra, October, vol. 25, pp. 687-733.

1868. Many editorial articles in the Springfield Republican.

1868-69. Editor of the Monthly Reports of the Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Department, on the Commerce and Navigation of the United States. Series 1868-69, Nos. 21-29, pp. 287. Series 1869-70, Nos. 1-3, pp. 152.

1869. Is It a Gospel of Peace? Lippincott’s Magazine, August, vol. 4, pp. 201-05.

1869. Annual Report of the Deputy Special Commissioner of the Revenue in charge of the Bureau of Statistics on the Commerce and Navigation of the United States for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1868. (Dated August 20, 1869.) Part 1, pp. 729; Part 2, pp. 352; Part 3, pp. 144. Also 40th Congress, 3d Session. House Ex. Doc., vol. 16. Washington.

1869. The National Debt. Lippincott’s Magazine, September, vol. 4, pp. 316-18.

1869. Annual Report of the Operations of the Bureau of Statistics to the Secretary of the Treasury for the Year 1869. (Dated October 13.) Pp. 6. Also 41st Congress, 2d Session. House Ex. Doc. No. 2, vol. 4, pp. 337-42. Washington.

1869. American Industry in the Census. Atlantic Monthly, December, vol. 24, pp. 689-701.

1870. What to do with the Surplus. Atlantic Monthly, January, vol. 25, pp. 72-86.

1870. A Reply to Mr. Kennedy on the Errors of the Eighth Census. Letter in Washington Chronicle, January.

1870. An Oration at the Soldiers’ Monument Dedication in North Brookfield, Mass., January 19. Pph., pp. 5-35. Also in Springfield Republican, January 20.

1870. The Report of the Special Commissioner. Lippincott’s Magazine, February, vol. 5, pp. 223-30.

1870. The Legal Tender Act (With Henry Adams). North American Review, April, vol. 110, pp. 299-327. Also published in Chapters of Erie and Other Essays, by Charles F. Adams, Jr., and Henry Adams, pp. 302-32.

1870. Annual Report of the Deputy Special Commissioner of the Revenue in charge of the Bureau of Statistics on the Commerce and Navigation of the United States for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1869. (Dated February 7, 1870.) Pp. viii. Part 1, pp. 227; Part 2, pp. 436; Part 3, pp. 94. Also 41st Congress, 2d Session. House Ex. Doc., vol. 15. Washington.

1870. Communication from the Superintendent of the Census submitting a draft of an Act amendatory of the Census Act of 1850. (Dated February 17.) 41st Congress, 2d Session. House Ex. Doc. No. 161, pp. 3.

1870. A Statement of the Superintendent of the Census relating to the amount to be saved to the Treasury by dispensing with certain copies of the Census Returns required by the Act of 1850. (Dated April 6.) 41st Congress, 2d Session. Senate Ex. Doc. No. 79, vol. 2, pp. 3. Washington.

1870. The Indian Problem. Review of Keim’s Sheridan’s Troopers on the Borders. The Nation, June 16, vol. 10, p. 389.

1871. Letter from the Superintendent of the Ninth Census addressed to Hon. W. B. Stokes relative to field-work performed by assistant marshals. (Dated January 14.) 41st Congress, 3d Session. House Mis. Doc. No. 31, vol. 1, pp. 3.

1871. Report of the Superintendent of the Census on Estimates of Expenditures, etc. (Dated December 20, 1870.) 41st Congress, 3d Session. House Ex. Doc. No. 29, vol. 7, pp. 4.

1871. Report of the Superintendent of the Census, December 26. Reprinted as a preface to vol. 1 on Population. Pp. xlviii. Washington.

1872. Letter from the Commissioner of Indian Affairs upon the action of the Department relating to the Kansas Indian Lands in the State of Kansas. (Dated December 2, 1871.) 42d Congress, 2d Session. Senate Mis. Doc. No. 10, vol. 1, pp. 4. Washington.

1872. Letter from the Superintendent of the Census containing a report of the number of persons employed in obtaining the Ninth Census, time employed, amount paid to each, etc. (Dated December 6, 1871.) 42d Congress, 2d Session. Senate Ex. Doc. No. 4, vol. 1, pp. 186.

1872. Reports of the Ninth Census, 1870. 3 quarto volumes and Compendium.

1872. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of the Interior for the year 1872, November 1. Washington. Pp. 471. Also 42d Congress, 3d Session. House Ex. Doc. No. 1, vol. 3, Part 5, pp. 389-847. Washington.

1873. The Indian Question. North American Review, April, vol. 116, pp. 329-88. Also republished in book The Indian Question.

1873. Some Results of the Census of 1870. Read before the Social Science Association, Boston, May 15. Published in Journal of Social Science, No. 5, pp. 71-97. Also printed separately.

1873. American Irish and American Germans. Scribner’s Monthly, June, vol. 6, pp. 172-79.

1873. The Relations of Race and Nationality to Mortality in the United States. Read before the American Health Association. Published in Reports and Papers of the American Public Health Association, vol. 1, pp. 18-35. Also republished in Statistical Atlas, 1874.

1873. Our Population in 1900. Atlantic Monthly, October, vol. 32, pp. 487-95.

1874. Report of the Superintendent of the Census, November 15, 1873. 43d Congress, 1st Session. House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Part 5, vol. 4, pp. 757-63.

1874. Indian Citizenship. International Review, May-June, vol. 1, pp. 305-26. Also republished in book The Indian Question.

1874. Handbook of Statistics of the United States, compiled by M. C. Spaulding. Review in The Nation, May 14, vol. 18, p. 319.

1874. Mr. D. A. Wells and the Incidence of Taxation. Letter in The Nation, June 11, vol. 18, pp. 378-79.

1874. The Wages Question. Address before the Alexandria and Athena Societies of Amherst College, July 8. Published in New York Times, July 9; also Springfield Republican, July 9.

1874. Statistical Atlas of the United States based on the results of the Ninth Census, 1870, with contributions from many eminent men of science and several departments of the Government. Compiled with authority of Congress. (The Preface and Introduction, and of the Memoirs and Discussions, The Progress of The Nation, and Relations of Race and Nationality to Mortality in the United States, were written by General Walker.) Washington. Plates 54.

1874. Legislators and Legislation. Letter in Providence Journal.

1874. Wages and the Wages-Fund. Letter to the Financier, August 29. (In reply to Prof. A. L. Perry.)

1874. The Indian Question. Boston. Pp. 268.

1874. Cairnes’s Political Economy. Review in The Nation, Nov. 12, vol. 19, p. 320.

1874. Our Foreign Population. Chicago Advance, November 12, December 10, and January 14, 1875.

1875. Report of the Superintendent of the Census, November 1, 1874. (Dated New Haven.) 43d Congress, 2d Session. House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Part 5, vol. 6, pp. 721-30. Washington.

1875. The Wage-Fund Theory. North American Review, January, vol. 120, pp. 84-119.

1875. The Hard Times. Address before the New Haven Chamber of Commerce, February 23. Abstract in Springfield Republican, February 25.

1875. The First Century of the Republic: Growth and Distribution of Population. Harper’s Monthly, August, vol. 51, pp. 391-414. Also published in book First Century of the Republic, pp. 211-37.

1875. Our Domestic Service. Scribner’s Monthly, December, vol. 11, pp. 273-78.

1876. Maps (three) in History of the United States, by J. A. Doyle. New York.

1876. Census. Encyclopædia Britannica (9th edition), vol. 5, pp. 334-40.

1876. The Wages Question. A Treatise on Wages and the Wages Class. New York; London, 1877. Pp. iv, 428.

1877. The Philadelphia Exhibition. Part 1. — Mechanism and Administration. International Review, May-June, vol. 4, pp. 363-96.
The Late World’s Fair. Part 2. — The Display. July-August, vol. 4, pp. 497-513.
The Late World’s Fair. Part 3. — The Display. September October, vol. 4, pp. 673-85.
These are also published in The World’s Fair: Philadelphia, 1876; A Critical Account, pp. 68; also in A Critical View of the Great World’s Fair, pp. 68.

1878. The United States. Johnson’s Cyclopædia (1st edition), vol. 4, Part 2, pp. 1029-56.

1878. United States Centennial Commission. International Exhibition, 1876. Editor of Reports and Awards. Philadelphia, 1878; also Washington, 1880. 6 vols.

1878. Money. (Lectures, Johns Hopkins University.) New York and London. Pp. xv, 550.

1878. Remarks addressed to the International Monetary Conference, Paris, August 22. 45th Congress, 3d Session. Senate Ex. Doc. 58, pp. 73-79. Also printed separately.

1878. Report of the Superintendent of the Census, January 17. (Dated New Haven.) Pp. 21. Also 45th Congress, 3d Session. House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Part 5, vol. 9, pp. 839-57. Washington.

1878. Interview of the Select Committees of the Senate of the United States and of the House of Representatives to make provision for taking the Tenth Census, with Prof. Francis A. Walker, Superintendent of the Census, December 16. 45th Congress, 30 Session. Senate Mis. Doc. No. 26; pp. 20.

1879. The Monetary Conferences of 1867 and 1878, and the Future of Silver. Princeton Review, January, vol. 3, N. S., pp. 28-54.

1879. Money in Its Relations to Trade and Industry. (Lectures, Lowell Institute, Boston.) New York and London. Pp. iv, 339.

1879. The Present Standing of Political Economy. Sunday Afternoon, May, vol. 3, pp. 432-41.

1879. Report of the Superintendent of the Census, November 15. Pp. 16. Also 46th Congress, 2d Session. House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Part 5, vol. 10, pp. 307-20. Washington.

1880-82. Census Bulletins, Nos. 1-305. Also Extra Census Bulletins.

1880. The Principles of Taxation. Princeton Review, July, vol. 6, N. S., pp. 92-114.

1881-88. Reports of the Tenth Census, 1880. 22 quarto volumes and Compendium (Parts 1 and 2). Washington.

1881. Report of the Superintendent of the Census, December 1, 1880. 46th Congress, 3d Session. House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Part 5, vol. 10, pp. 423-26. Washington.

1881. Letter to Secretary of Interior giving complete returns of the population of each State and Territory on the 1st day of June, 1880. Letter of January 17 to Hon. S. S. Cox, pp. 5-18. The Alabama Paradox — Letter to Hon. S. S. Cox, January 17, pp. 19-20. The Moiety Question. — Letter to Hon. S. S. Cox, January 15, pp. 20-24. 46th Congress, 3d Session. House Ex. Doc. No. 65, vol. 18, pp. 1-2. (The Moiety Question reprinted in 1891.)

1881. Letter from the Superintendent of the Census respecting the execution of the law for taking the Tenth and subsequent censuses, with accompanying schedules. (Dated January 25.) 46th Congress, 3d Session. Senate Ex. Doc. No. 28, vol. 1, pp. 35.

1881. Report of the Superintendent of the Census, November 1, pp. 65. Also 47th Congress, 1st Session. House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Part 5, vol. 10, pp, 665-727. Washington.

1882. American Agriculture. Princeton Review, May, vol. 9, N. S., pp. 249-64.

1882. The Growth of the United States. The Century, October, vol. 24, pp. 920-26.

1883. Remarks on the Character of President W. B. Rogers, October 12, before the Society of Arts. Published in Proceedings of the Society of Arts, 1882-83, pp. 5-7. Also printed separately.

1883. American Manufactures. Princeton Review, March, vol. 11, N. S., pp. 213-23.

1883. Remarks on Giving the Name of William B. Rogers to the Main Building, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 29. (Printed for private distribution.)

1883. Political Economy. New York and London. Pp. iv, 490.

1883. The Unarmed Nation. Our Duty in the Cause of International Peace. Address delivered at Smith College, Northampton, June 20. Published in the Springfield Republican, June 21.

1883. Henry George’s Social Fallacies. North American Review, August, vol. 137, pp. 147-57.

1883. Land and Its Rent. Boston and London. Pp. vi, 232.

1884. President’s Report, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 12, 1883. Boston. Pp. 31.

1884. The Second and Third Army Corps. Letter in The Nation, March 27, vol. 38, p. 274.

1884. Political Economy. (Briefer Course, abridged from work of 1883.) New York. Also republished under the title A Brief Political Economy. London, 1886. Pp. iv, 415.

1884. Industrial Education. Read before the American Social Science Association, September 9. Published in Journal of Social Science, No. 19, pp. 117-31.

1884. Public Revenue. Lalor’s Cyclopædia of Political Science, Political Economy, and United States History, vol. 3, pp. 618-29; The Wage Fund, ditto, pp. 1074-77; Wages, ditto, pp. 1077-85.

1884. President’s Report, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 10. Boston. Pp. 20.

1885. Letter to the Secretary of the Interior, February 24, regarding the Accounts of Richard Joseph. 49th Congress, 1st Session. House Ex. Doc. No. 127, pp. 5-7.

1885. Shall Silver be Demonetized? North American Review, June, vol. 140, pp. 489-92.

1885. President’s Report, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 9. Boston. Pp. 24.

1886. Gettysburg. Lecture in Lowell Institute Course, Boston, March 4. Published in Boston Herald, March 5.

1886. What Industry, if Any, Can Profitably be Introduced into Country Schools? Science, April 15, vol. 9, p. 365.

1886. History of the Second Army Corps in the Army of the Potomac. New York. Pp. xiv, 737. Second edition, 1891, pp. xx, 737.

1886. The Military Character and Services of Major-General W. S. Hancock. Address delivered at the meeting of the Vermont Officers’ Reunion Society, Montpelier, Vt., November 3. Published in Free Press (Burlington), November 5. Read (revised and corrected) before the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, February 13, 1888. Published in the Papers of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, vol. 10, pp. 49-67. Under the title Hancock in the War of the Rebellion, read before the New York Commandery of the Loyal Legion, February 4, 1891. Published in Personal Recollections of the War of the Rebellion. (New York Commandery of the Loyal Legion.). Vol. 1 (1891), pp. 349-64. Published in the Brooklyn Standard Union, February 7 and 14, 1891.

1886. Geography of New England: A Supplement to Maury’s Manual of Geography. Pp. 24.

1886. Sumner at Fair Oaks. National Tribune (Washington), October 14. Couch at Fredericksburg, ditto, October 21. Hancock at Gettysburg, ditto, October 28. Warren at Bristoe, ditto, November 4.

1886. President’s Report, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 8. Boston. Pp. 32.

1887. Socialism. Scribner’s Magazine, January, vol. 1, pp. 107-19. Also published in Phillips Exeter Lectures (1885-86). Boston, 1887, pp. 47-78.

1887. A Plea for Industrial Education in the Public Schools. Address to the Conference of Associated Charities of the City of Boston, February 10. Pph., pp. 34.

1887. General Hancock and the Artillery at Gettysburg. The Century, March, vol. 33, p. 803. Also published in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (The Century Co.), vol. 3, pp. 385-86.

1887. The Source of Business Profits. Read before the Society of Arts, March 24. Published in Proceedings of the Society of Arts, 1886-87, pp. 76-90. Also published, with additions and alterations, in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, April, vol. 1, pp. 265-88. Printed separately, Pph., pp. 26.

1887. Wolseley on Lee. Letters in The Nation, March 31, vol. 44, p. 269; April 28, pp. 362-63.

1887. Arithmetic in Primary and Grammar Schools. Remarks before the School Committee of Boston, April 12. Published as School Document No. 9, 1887. Pp. 20. Also Pph., pp. 29.

1887. Sketch of the Life of Amasa Walker. In History of North Brookfield, Mass. The same expanded in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, April, 1888, vol. 42, pp. 133-41. Also printed separately, Pph., pp. 14.

1887. Meade at Gettysburg. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (The Century Co.), vol. 3, pp. 406-12.

1887. Memoir of William Barton Rogers, 1804-82. Read before The National Academy of Sciences, April. Published in Biographical Memoirs of National Academy, vol. 3, 1895, pp. 1-13. Also Pph., pp. 13.

1887. The Socialists. The Forum, May, vol. 3, pp. 230-42.

1887. Political Economy. (Revised and enlarged.) New York and London. Pp. vi, 537.

1887. Reply (before the Boston School Board) to Supervisor Peterson on the Study of Arithmetic in Grammar Schools, June 14. Published in Popular Educator, September, vol. 3, pp. 209-11.

1887. The Labor Problem of Today. Address delivered before the Alumni Association of Lehigh University, June 22. Printed by the Association. New York. pp. 29.

1887. Manual Education in Urban Communities. Address before The National Educational Association, Chicago, July 15. Published in Addresses and Proceedings of The National Educational Association, 1887, pp. 196-205.

1887. What Shall We Tell the Working Classes? Scribner’s Magazine, November, vol. 2, pp. 619-27.

1887. Arithmetic in the Boston Schools. Read before the Grammar School Section of the Massachusetts Teachers’ Association at Boston, November 25. Published in The Academy, Syracuse, N. Y., January, 1888. vol. 2, pp. 433-44. Also printed separately.

1888. United States: Part III.-Political Geography and Statistics. Encyclopædia Britannica (9th edition), vol. 23, pp. 818-29.

1888. President’s Report, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 14, 1887. Boston. Pp. 39.

1888. Remarks at the Opening of the Sixteenth Triennial Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, September 27, 1887. Published in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of January 18, 1888, p. 56.

1888. The Eleventh Census of the United States. Quarterly Journal of Economics, January, vol. 2, pp. 135-61. Also printed separately, Pph., pp. 27.

1888. The Military Character and Services of Major-General Hancock. (See 1886.)

1888. The Bases of Taxation. Political Science Quarterly, March, vol. 3, pp. 1-16.

1888. A Reply to Mr. Macvane: On the Source of Business Profits. Quarterly Journal of Economics, April, vol. 2, pp. 263-96. Also printed separately; Pph., pp. 36.

1888. Economy of Food. Science, May 18, vol. 11, pp. 233-34.

1888. Efforts of the Manual Laboring Class to Better Their Condition. Address as President, American Economic Association, May 21. Publications of the American Economic Association, vol. 3, pp. 7-26.

1888. The Intermediate Task.—Protection and American Agriculture. The National Revenue. A Collection of Papers by American Economists. Edited by Albert Shaw. Pp. 135-151. (Pp. 137-151 reprinted from the revised edition of Political Economy. New York, 1887.)

1888. The Knights of Labor. Princeton Review, September, vol. 6, N. S., pp. 196-209.

1888. President’s Report, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 12. Boston. Pp. 50.

1888. Philip Henry Sheridan. Eulogy delivered before the City Government of Boston, December 18. Published in Sheridan Memorial, pp. 41-117; Boston Herald, December 19. Also printed separately.

1889. Recent Progress of Political Economy in the United States. Address as President, American Economic Association, December 27, 1888. Publications of the American Economic Association, vol. 4, pp. 17-40.

1889. Memoir of E. B. Elliott. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. 24, pp. 447-52.

1889. Census. Johnson’s Cyclopædia (Revised, 1889-90), vol. 1, pp. 78-88 (New edition, 1895); vol. 2, pp. 152-59.

1889. Ventilating Public Buildings. Letter in Boston Post, January 22.

1889. Can Morality be Taught in the Public Schools without Sectarianism? Christian Register, January 31.

1889. The Laborer and His Employer. Lecture delivered at Cornell University, February. Published in Scientific American, June 1, Supplement No. 700.

1889. The Growth of The Nation in Numbers, Territory, and the Elements of Industrial Power. Oration before the Phi Beta Kappa, Brown University, June 18. Published in Providence Journal, June 19.

1889. Indian Schools. Letter to General Armstrong in Southern Workman, October, 1889; quoted in Proceedings of Seventh Annual Meeting, Lake Mohonk Conference, pp. 36-37.

1889. First Lessons in Political Economy. New York; London, 1890. Pp. viii, 323.

1889. The Nation’s Celebration. The Independent (New York), September 26.

1889. Address before the Newton Tariff Reform Club, November 20. Abstract in Springfield Republican, November 22.

1889. Industrial Training. A Talk to the Commercial Club of Providence, November 17. Reported in Providence Journal.

1889. Civil Service Reform. Thanksgiving-Day Discourse. The Independent (New York), November 28.

1890. Annual Report of the President, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 11, 1889. Boston. Pp. 48.

1890. The Nation That Was Saved. Oration at Reunion of New Hampshire Soldiers, Weirs, August 29, 1889. Printed in Veteran’s Advocate, Concord, N. H., January, vol. 7, pp. 2-3.

1890. The Study of Statistics in Colleges and Technical Schools. Technology Quarterly, February, vol. 3, pp. 1-8.

1890. Mr. Bellamy and the New Nationalist Party. Atlantic Monthly, February, vol. 65, pp. 248-62. (Address delivered before the Economic Association of Providence, December, 1889. Reported in Providence Journal.) Also printed separately, Pph., pp. 15.

1890. America’s Fourth Centenary. The Forum, February, vol. 8, pp. 612-21.

1890. The Eight-Hour Agitation. Address before the Young Men’s Christian Union, Boston, March 1. Published in Boston Journal, March 3.

1890. Protection and Protectionists. Quarterly Journal of Economics, April, vol. 4, pp. 245-75.

1890. Address at the Memorial Exercises of the Thomas G. Stevenson Post, G. A. R., May 30. Published in Boston Journal, May 31.

1890. The Eight-Hour Law Agitation. Atlantic Monthly, June, vol. 65, pp. 800-10. Also printed separately, Pyh., pp. 22.

1890. The Great Review. Oration before the Society of the Army of the Potomac, Twenty-first Annual Reunion, Portland, Maine, July 3. Published in Report of the Proceedings of the Society of the Army of the Potomac, 1890, pp. 18-32; also in Boston Journal, July 4.

1890. Address on Presenting Diplomas of Graduation, June 3. Boston Journal, June 4; also Technology Quarterly, August, vol. 3, p. 202.

1890. Statistics of the Colored Race in the United States. Publications of the American Statistical Association, September-December, vol. 2 (Nos. 11-12), pp. 91-106.

1890. Democracy and Wealth. The Forum, November, vol. 10, pp. 243-55.

1890. The Changes of the Year. Technology Quarterly, November, vol. 3, pp. 281-86.

1890. Why Students Leave School. Letter in Boston Herald, December 14.

1890. The Tide of Economic Thought. Address as President of the American Economic Association, December 26. Publications of the American Economic Association, vol. 6 (1891), pp. 15-38. Also printed separately, Pph., pp. 24.

1891. Annual Report of the President, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 10, 1890. Boston. Pp. 52.

1891. Panic from Coinage. Evidence before the Committee on Coinage, January 29. 51st Congress, 2d Session. House Report 3967, Part 3. Reports and Hearings, pp. 54-58.

1891. Against Free Coinage of Silver. Speech in Faneuil Hall, January 20. Published in Boston Journal, January 21.

1891. Hancock in the War of the Rebellion. (See 1886.)

1891. Testimony before Committee of New York Legislature, March 7, regarding Eleventh Census of the United States in New York. Reported in New York Times, March 8.

1891. Charles Devens. An address delivered before the Commandery of the State of Massachusetts Military Order of the Loyal Legion, March 19. Published in Circular No. 7, Series 1891, March 20; Boston Journal, March 20; also Pph., pp. 20.

1891. Usefulness of a Five-Year Course. Letter in The Tech, April 9, vol. 10, pp. 177-79.

1891. The United States Census. The Forum, May, vol. 11, pp. 258-67.

1891. The Great Count of 1890. The Forum, June, vol. 11, pp. 406-18.

1891. The Place of Schools of Technology in Education. Remarks at the Graduating Exercises of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, June 18. Published in W. P. I., Worcester, July 15, pp. 79-80.

1891. A Reply to the Article: The Economists and the Public. Letter in Evening Post (New York), June 27.

1891. The Place of Scientific and Technical Schools in American Education. Address delivered at the 29th University Convocation of the State of New York, Albany, July 8. Published in Regents’ Bulletin, No. 8, January, 1893, pp. 375-88; also the larger portion in Technology Quarterly, December, vol. 4, pp. 293-303; and in the Educational Review under the title The Place of Schools of Technology in American Education, October, vol. 2, pp. 209-19.

1891. The Colored Race in the United States. The Forum, July, vol. 11, pp. 501-09.

1891. The Doctrine of Rent and the Residual Claimant Theory of Wages. Quarterly Journal of Economics, July, vol. 5, pp. 417-37.

1891. Immigration and Degradation. The Forum: August, vol. 11, pp. 634-44.

1892. Annual Report of the President, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 9, 1891. Boston. Pp. 56.

1892. Growth and Distribution of Population in the United States. The Chautauquan, March, vol. 14, pp. 656-58.

1892. Dr. Böhm-Bawerk’s Theory of Interest. Quarterly Journal of Economics, July, vol. 6, pp. 399-416.

1892. Immigration. Yale Review, August, vol. 1, pp. 125-45.

1892. Normal Training in Women’s Colleges. Educational Review, November, vol. 4, pp. 328-38.

1893. Annual Report of the President, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 14, 1892. Boston. Pp. 65.

1893. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. — Length of Course. — Degrees at Scientific Schools. Letter in Engineering News, January 26, vol. 29, pp. 90-91; February 2, p. 108.

1893. Scientific and Technical Schools. Address delivered at opening of Engineering Building, Pennsylvania State College, February 22. Published in Proceedings at the Formal Opening of the Engineering Building, Pennsylvania State College, pp. 23-30; also in Pennsylvania School Journal, April, vol. 41, pp. 435-38.

1893. Remarks on the Dedication of the New Science and Engineering Buildings of McGill University, Montreal, February 24. Published in Technology Quarterly, April, vol. 6, pp. 65-68. Also printed separately.

1893. The Free Coinage of Silver. Journal of Political Economy, March, vol. 1, pp. 163-78.

1893. Sickles at Gettysburg. Letter in The Nation, May 11, vol. 56, p. 346.

1893. College Athletics. Address before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Alpha of Massachusetts, at Cambridge, June 29. Published in Boston Transcript, June 30; Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, September, vol. 2, pp. 1-18; Technology Quarterly, July, vol. 6, pp. 116-31. Also printed separately, Pph., pp. 16.

1893. How Far Do the Technological Schools, as They Are at Present Organized, Accomplish the Training of Men for the Scientific Professions, and How Far and for What Reasons Do They Fail to Accomplish Their Primary Purpose? Address on opening Congress of Technological Instruction, Chicago, July 26. Published in Addresses and Proceedings of International Congress of Education, Chicago, pp. 528-34.

1893. The Technical School and the University. A Reply to Prof. Shaler. Atlantic Monthly, September, vol. 72, pp. 390-94. Technology Quarterly, October, vol. 6, pp. 223-29. Also printed separately, Pph., pp. 7.

1893. Address on Taking the Chair as Président-Adjoint, International Statistical Institute, Chicago, September 11. Published in Bulletin L’Institut International de Statistique, Tome viii, 1895, pp. xxxvi-ix.

1893. Value of Money. Paper read before the American Economic Association, September 13. Published in Quarterly Journal of Economics, October, vol. 8, pp. 62-76. Also printed separately, Pph., pp. 17.

1893. Annual Report of the President, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 13. Boston. Pp. 61.

1894. International Bimetallism. Address delivered before the Liberal Club of Buffalo, N. Y., February 16. Published in book The Liberal Club, pp. 107-38.

1894. [Neo-Bimetallism in Boston.] Letter in Evening Post (New York), February 24.

1894. State House Reconstruction. Remarks at a Hearing at the State House, March 1. Published in Boston Transcript, March 6. Also in Pph. Save the State House, pp. 20-24.

1894. Bimetallism: A Tract for Times. Pph., pp. 24.

1894. Bimetallism. Address delivered before the Boston Boot and Shoe Club, March 28. Published in The Shoe and Leather Reporter, April 5. Also printed separately, Pph., pp. 15.

1894. Par of Exchange. Letter in Evening Post (New York), April 3.

1894. General Hancock. (Great Commanders Series.) New York. Pp. vi, 332.

1894. How May Closer Articulation Between the Secondary Schools and Higher Institutions be Secured? Discussion of the question at the Ninth Annual Meeting of the New England Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools, October 12. Published in Addresses and Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Meeting of the New England Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools, pp. 22-25. Also published in School Review, December, vol. 2, pp. 612-15.

1894. The Relation of Professional and Technical to General Education. Educational Review, December, vol. 8, pp. 417-33.

1894. Annual Report of the President, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 12. Boston. Pp. 86.

1895. Bimetallism. Address delivered before the Springfield Board of Trade, March 27. Published in Springfield Union, March 28.

1895. The Making of The Nation. (The American History Series.) New York. Pp. xv, 314.

1895. Reply to Criticism on Springfield Address. Letter in Evening Post (New York), April 5.

1895. The Restriction of Immigration. Address delivered at Cornell University, April 12. Published in the Transactions of the Association of Civil Engineers of Cornell University, 1895, pp. 73-85.

1895. The Growth of American Nationality. The Forum, June, vol. 19, pp. 385-400.

1895. Obituary: Samuel Dana Horton. The Economic Journal, June, vol. 5, pp. 304-06.

1895. The Relation of Manual Training to Certain Mental Defects. Paper read at the Sixty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Instruction, July 9. Published in Journal of Proceedings of American Institute of Instruction, 1895, pp. 23-32. Also printed separately, Pph., pp. 12.

1895. The Quantity-Theory of Money. Quarterly Journal of Economics, July, vol. 9, pp. 372-79.

1895. The Argument for Bimetallism. The Independent (New York), October 10.

1895. “Severe Work at the Tech.” Letter in Boston Herald, November 20.

1895. The Restriction of Immigration. Address delivered before the Manufacturers’ Club of Philadelphia, December 16. Published in Manufacturers’ Record, December 21.

1896. Annual Report of the President, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 11, 1895. Boston. Pp. 74.

1896. Reply to General Greeley Curtis regarding General Hooker. Letter in Boston Herald, February 5.

1896. Bimetallism in the United States. The Bimetallist (London), February, vol. 2, pp. 38-41.

1896. Currency and Prices. Letter in The Economist (London), April 18, vol. 54, pp. 491-92. Also published under the title A Criticism of the Right-Hon. G. J. Shaw-Lefevre, in The Bimetallist (London), May, vol. 2, pp. 97-98.

1896. The Relation of Changes in the Volume of the Currency to Prosperity. Paper read before the American Economic Association, December 28, 1895. Published in Economic Studies (American Economic Association), April, vol. 1, pp. 23-45.

1896. Letter to Senator Teller on the Silver Question, April 13. Quoted as an appendix to Senator Teller’s speech in the Senate, April 29.

1896. On Teaching English Composition in Colleges. Boston (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Pph., pp. 5.

1896. Something About the Par of Exchange. Letter in Evening Post (New York), May 29.

1896. Money. Dictionary of Political Economy (Edited by R. H. Inglis Palgrave), vol. 2, pp. 787-96. Quantity-Theory of Money. (To be published in vol. 3.)

1896. Henry Saltonstall. Technique, 1897, pp. 32-34.

1896. Restriction of Immigration. Atlantic Monthly, June, vol. 77, pp. 822-29.

1896. Address before the British Bimetallic League, London, July 13. Published in The Bimetallist (London), July, vol. 2, pp. 139-45. Also published in The National Review, under the title The Monetary Situation and the United States, August, vol. 27, pp. 783-92.

1896. International Bimetallism. (Lectures delivered at Harvard University.) New York and London. Pp. iv, 297.

1896. International Bimetallism: A Rejoinder. Yale Review, November, vol. 5, pp. 303-12.

1896. International Bimetallism. Address delivered before the School masters’ Club of Massachusetts, November 7. Published in the Boston Herald, November 7; also in The Bimetallist (London), December, vol. 2, pp. 218-29.

1896. Technical Education. Address delivered at the Dedication of the Thomas S. Clarkson Memorial School of Technology, Potsdam, N. Y., November 30. (To be published.)

1897. Annual Report of the President, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 9, 1896. Boston. Pp. 80.

1897. Remarks at the First Meeting of the Washington Members of the American Statistical Association, Washington, December 31, 1896. Publications of the American Statistical Association, March, vol. 5 (No. 37), pp. 180-87.

1897. General Gibbon in the Second Corps. Paper read before the New York Commandery of the Loyal Legion, May 6, 1896. (To be published in Personal Recollections of the War of the Rebellion. New York Commandery of the Loyal Legion. Vol. 2.)

Source: D. R. D. [David Rich Dewey], Bibliography of the Writings and Reported Addresses of Francis A. Walker. in Publications of the American Statistical Association, vol. 5 (1896-1897), pp. 276-290.

Image Source: MIT Museum website. Francis Amasa Walker file. Colorized by Economics in the Rear-View Mirror.

Tags Dewey, WalkerFA

Bibliography Johns Hopkins M.I.T. Public Finance

M.I.T. History of Public Finance Bibliography. Dewey, 1936

Post author By Irwin Collier
Post date 2023-02-27

As a graduate student at M.I.T. nearly fifty years ago, I spent a good part of my time when on campus at one of the many study desks along the windows at Dewey Library. At that time I had no idea who Davis Rich Dewey (after whom the library had been named) was. I presume this was true for most of my classmates too, M.I.T. not being known for the study of the history of economics, though Paul Samuelson’s continuous interest in casting old theories in mathematical form was by no means chopped liver.

As is noted in the short biography below, Dewey’s long career neatly overlapped with the first half-century of economics as a distinct academic discipline in North American universities. Thus it is fitting that Economics in the Rear-View Mirror gather and preserve artifacts left by Dewey in the course of his research and teaching.

Dewey’s magnum opus Financial History of the United States, first published in 1903, went through twelve editions (seven revisions) by 1934. He dedicated the book to the Seminary in History, Politics, and Economics at Johns Hopkins University which he attended from 1883 to 1886. That dedication immediately follows the brief biography. This in turn is followed by a fully-linked fourteen item bibliography of general works on the history of U.S. public finance suggested “for students, teachers, and readers.”. Further suggestions by Dewey will be added sometime sooner or later, so stay tuned.

_____________________________

Davis Rich Dewey, 1858-1942

Davis Rich Dewey was Professor of Economics at M.I.T. and one of several people who helped shape the profession of economics as it is practiced today. Best known for his writings on United states economic history, his professional career spans fifty years (1886-1940), the formative period of the modern economics profession.

In 1883 Davis R. Dewey entered the graduate department of economics at Johns Hopkins University, secured a fellowship, and spent summers working as a correspondent for Bradstreet’s Financial Review. He graduated from Johns Hopkins with the doctorate in 1886 having studied history, economics and political economy. His Ph.D. thesis, entitled “A History of American Economic Literature…” was a survey of the practice of the early U.S. economics profession.

Upon his graduation, Dewey received an appointment as instructor in history and political science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From the first he was integrally involved in research, publishing his first articles, “Municipal Revenue from Street Railways” [AEA Publications, Vol. II, No. 6 (1888), pp. 551-562] and “A Syllabus on Political History since 1815…” in 1889.

At M.I.T. Dewey served as an Instructor (1886-1888), then Assistant Professor of Economics and Statistics (1888-1889), Associate Professor (1889-1892) and finally Professor and Department Chairman (1893-1933). He taught a course in engineering administration from 1913- 1931, when a separate department of engineering administration was created, largely due to his efforts. He served as the Chairman of the M.I.T. Faculty from 1911-1913.

Dewey was influential in the internal affairs of two major professional organizations, the American Economic Association and the American Statistical Association. While still a graduate student, he had participated in the founding meeting of the American Economic Association and in 1909 he became its president. When that Association’s journal The American Economic Review was started in 1911, he served as its first editor, a post he held until 1940. The medal on the Dewey Library homepage was awarded to Davis R. Dewey upon the occasion of his retirement as editor of American Economic Review in 1940. Also in his first year of service at M.I.T., he became a member and was elected secretary of the American Statistical Association, an office he held until 1906. As secretary, and as a member of the Publications Committee, Dewey helped to edit the publications of that organization as well.

Davis R. Dewey was interested in the quality of education, as demonstrated by the following quotation,

“The Student will too often leave with…no systematic knowledge of the economic world, nor any well-defined theory of its workings. There must therefore be a far greater insistence upon…methods which will improve the missing experience.”

Davis R. Dewey was an associate of M.I.T. President Francis Amasa Walker whose Discussions in Economics and Statistics [Volume I: Finance and Taxation, Money and Bimetallism, Economic Theory. Volume II Statistics, National Growth, Social Economics] he edited for publication in 1899, shortly after Walker’s death. He was also associated with the editor Albert Bushnell Hart. Davis R. Dewey wrote his acclaimed Financial History of the United States for Hart’s American Citizen Series in 1903, and a volume entitled National Problems for Hart’s American Nation Series in 1907. In 1904 Financial History of the United States won the John Marshall Prize offered by Johns Hopkins. Dewey was a contributor to Palgrave’s Dictionary of Political Economy, the New International Encyclopedia Americana, Encyclopedia Britannica, American Year Book and the Commonwealth History of Massachusetts.

A representative of the modern field of economics, Davis R. Dewey was indifferent to theorizing which had little to do with empirical fact. He was above all a practitioner, insisting that applied knowledge we the true realm of the academic economist. Davis R. Dewey also maintained a lively interest in the politics of academe and followed several academic freedom cases of his day.

He died on December 13, 1942. The Dewey Library was named in his memory.

Written by Keith Morgan, Dewey Library Economics Bibliographer, 1994

Source: Webpage “Davis Rich Dewey, 1858-1942,” MIT Libraries, Dewey Library for Social Sciences and Management. Links added by Economics in the Rear-View Mirror.

_____________________________

Financial History of the United States (12th edition).
New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1936.
by
Davis Rich Dewey, Ph.D., LL.D.,
Emeritus Professor of Economics and Statistics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

To the Seminary
of the
Department of History, Politics, and Economics
of Johns Hopkins University,

Of which the author was a member from 1883 to 1886. Under the guidance of Adams, Ely, and Jameson, we read and learned. The first has gone, leaving affectionate memories and organized activities of permanent usefulness; the others are still doing their work in a spirit of broad-minded sympathy and fine scholarship.

_____________________________

Suggestions for Students, Teachers, and Readers

[Following three pages dedicated to general works on U.S. political history and biography, Dewey offers almost seventeen full pages dedicated to the subject of public finance. In this post we begin with the transcription of the most general works in public finance Dewey recommends. The curator of Economics in the Rear-View Mirror has been able to find links to the fourteen annotated items in Dewey’s list.]

II. Financial Histories

There are but few histories devoted exclusively to public finance; only one, indeed, that by Bolles, covers the general field over an extended period. The reader must therefore rely upon works on taxation, the tariff, coinage, and banking, and for special topics and episodes will often find the most satisfactory treatment in the political histories and biographies already referred to. The following volumes represent those which are most general in their treatment; of these the works of Bolles and Noyes are especially to be recommended; the narrative by Bolles stops with 1885, while the smaller work by Noyes is confined to the period 1865-1907. There is a great need of detailed works on the expenditures of the government and the various phases of treasury administration.

Adams, Ephraim D. The Control of the Purse in the United States Government. (Reprinted from the Kansas University Quarterly, April, 1894.) — An academic study of the debates in Congress on the interpretation of constitutional provisions relating to treasury management, loans, taxation, and money bills. Careful references are given.

Bolles, Albert Sidney. American Finance, with Chapters on Money and Banking. (N. Y., 1901.) — Especially valuable on expenditures; treats also of State finance. A discussion of present conditions rather than historical.

Bolles, Albert Sidney. The Financial History of the United States. (2d ed. N. Y., 1884-1886. 3 vols.) — Vol. I includes the period 1774-1789; II, 1789-1860; III, 1861-1885. The only single work which covers an extensive period; it represents research, and is closely restricted to questions of finance; no attempt is made to sketch in the political and social background, and the reader may be confused without preliminary reading. The author leans to protection, and takes the banker’s point of view in questions of currency. The work is especially valuable for chapters on accounting and expenditures. Referred to as Bolles.

1^st edition (1879), Vol. I (Frank Taussig’s copy!)
1^st edition (1883), Vol. II
1^st edition (1886), Vol. III
2^nd edition (1884), Vol. I
2^nd edition (1885), Vol. II
2^nd edition (1885), Vol. III
3^rd edition (1892), Vol. I

Bourne, Edward Gaylord. The History of the Surplus Revenue of 1837. (N. Y., etc., 1885.) — A brief, scholarly monograph with abundant references and bibliography. In addition to the historical account, it summarizes the earlier proposals of distribution of surplus funds in the treasury.

Bronson, Henry. Historical Account of Connecticut Currency, Continental Money, and the Finances of the Revolution. (In New Haven Colony Hist. Soc. Papers, Vol. I. New Haven, 1865.) — This is more than a local study; the author is drawn into a general review of the financial measures of the Revolutionary War. The essay is scholarly and the style vigorous.

Bullock, Charles Jesse. Finances of the United States, 1775-1789, with Especial Reference to the Budget. (Madison, 1895. Univ. of Wisconsin. Bulletin, Economics, etc., Vol. I, No. 2.) — The best monograph on the finances of the Revolutionary period, with bibliographies at the beginning of each chapter. Indispensable to the advanced student.

Kearny, John Watts. Sketch of American Finances, 1789-1835. (N. Y., 1887.) — A brief study of 150 pages, clear and helpful in questions concerning the treatment of the debt. Little attention is given to taxation.

Noyes, Alexander Dana. Thirty Years of American Finance, 1865-1896. (N. Y., etc., 1898.) — Treats the earlier period very briefly, but is of special value for 1878-1895. Relation of public finance to the money market is given prominence. This has been replaced by Forty Years of American Finance (1909), bringing the history down to 1907. The references to the earlier edition have been allowed to stand.

Schuckers, Jacob William. Brief Account of the Finances and Paper Money of the Revolutionary War. (Philadelphia, 1874.) — The style is somewhat rhetorical, and, while the writer has on the whole chosen sound authorities, the essay does not indicate a very wide research. Is an interesting account within a moderate space.

Scott, William A. The Repudiation of State Debts. (N. Y. etc., 1893.) — Chapters 2-6 are historical, describing various acts of repudiation in twelve States. Of value as explaining some of the remote influences affecting federal credit, 1825-1850.

Spaulding, Elbridge Gerry. History of the Legal Tender Paper Money issued during the Great Rebellion. (Buffalo, 1869.) — The title is hardly accurate; the volume is largely a collection of documents, speeches, etc., relating to the legal tender acts.

Sumner, William Graham. The Financier and Finances of the American Revolution. (N. Y., 1891. 2 vols.) — Contains a mine of valuable material, but is not clearly arranged.

Vol. 1 (1892)
Vol. 2 (1892)

Sumner, William Graham. A History of American Currency. (N. Y., 1874.) — A series of topical notes designed for reference rather than consecutive reading.

Wells, David Ames. Practical Economics. (N. Y., etc., 1885.) — Treats of the silver question, tariff revision, and, most valuable of all, experience of the United States in taxing distilled spirits, subsequent to the Civil War.

Source: Davis Rich Dewey, Financial History of the United States (Twelfth edition). New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1936, pp. xi-xiii.

Image Source: Davis Rich Dewey portrait at the MIT Museum website. Retouched and colorized by Economics in the Rear-View Mirror.

Tags Dewey

Economic History M.I.T. Suggested Reading Syllabus

M.I.T. Reading list for Problems in Russian Economic History. Domar, 1975

Post author By Irwin Collier
Post date 2022-05-28

Evsey Domar’s 1970 article, “The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom” (The Journal of Economic History. Vol. XXX, March, 1970) made him a one-hit wonder in the field of economic history. But what a hit!

He shared some of his life-long passion for Russian economic history with M.I.T. graduate students back when M.I.T. could boast having three professors teaching economic history — Charles Kindleberger covered modern European history, Evsey Domar focussed on his Russian peasants, and Peter Temin was there for U.S. economic history of the new cliometric fashion. Just about ten years ago Peter Temin wrote a memoir on “the rise and fall of economic history at MIT“.

One salient memory I took from Domar’s Russian economic history class is associated with the very first meeting when Domar, not a very tall man, lugged into the classroom a huge rolled-up map of Russia to hang on the blackboard. He hardly referred to the map so I presumed he once ordered it in a fit of enthusiasm that far exceeded its pedagogical usefulness. Or maybe Domar was a kindred spirit of The Dude (see “Lebowski, Big”) and thought his Russia map really tied the classroom together.

________________________

PROBLEMS IN RUSSIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY
14.732

E.D. Domar
Spring Term 1974-75

The purpose of this list is to indicate to the student the sources in which the more important topics of the course are discussed from several points of view. He will be held responsible for the topics rather than for “who said what.”

Since it is difficult to understand the economic and social developments in a country without a good general background in the country’s history, it is suggested that students who have not had a course in Russian history familiarize themselves with some standard textbook, such as A History of Russia by Nicholas V. Riasanovsky (New York: Oxford University Press, 1963), to which some references will be made here.

The book which will be used from cover to cover is Jerome Blum, Lord and Peasant in Russia from the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961). It would be best to buy a copy. (Paperbacks are available).

Each student is expected to write a term paper of about 30 double-spaced pages on a subject agreed upon with the instructor.

There will be a 80 minute final examination on the last day of class in May.

PART I – KIEVAN RUSSIA
PART II – APPANAGE RUSSIA

REQUIRED

Riasanovsky, Parts I, Il, and III.

Blum, Introduction, Chapters 1-7.

RECOMMENDED

Karl Bosl, Alexander Gieysztor, Frantisek Graus, M. M. Postan, and Ferdinand Seibt, Eastern and Western Europe in the Middle Ages (Harcourt Brace, Jovanovich, Inc., 1971).

Francis Dvornik, The Slavs in European History and Civilization (Rutgers University Press).

James Gregory, Russian Land, Soviet People: A Geographical Approach to the U.S.S.R. (London, 1968).

V. O. Kliuchevsky, A History of Russia, translation by C. J. Hogarth.

Peter Liashchenko, History of the National Economy of Russia to the 1917 Revolution, translated by L. M. Herman (New York: 1949, 1970).

Frank Nowak, Medieval Slavdom and the Rise of Russia (Greenwood Press, Inc.)

W. H. Parker, An Historical Geography of Russia (London: 1968).

Henry Paszkiewicz, The Origin of Russia (New York: 1969).

M. N. Pokrovaky, History of Russia from the Earliest Times to the Rise of Commercial Capitalism(Bloomington, Indiana: 1966).

B. H. Slicher (van Bath), The Agrarian History of Western Europe, A.D. 500-1850.

Arnold J. Toynbee, A Study of History, Vol. III, pp. 391-454.

George Vernadsky, Kievan Russia (New Haven: 1948).

George Vernadsky, The Mongols and Russia (New Haven: 1953).

Warren B. Walsh, Readings in Russian History from Ancient Times to the Post-Stalin Era, Vol. I, (Syracuse University Press, 1963).

PART III — THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERFDOM BEFORE PETER I
XVI and XVII CENTURIES

REQUIRED

Riasanovsky, Part IV (as a background)

Blum, Chapters 8-14.

Evsey D. Domar, “The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom,” The Journal of Economic History. Vol. XXX, March, 1970, pp. 18-32.

Richard Hellie, Enserfment and Military Change in Muscovy (Chicago: 1970). Introduction, Parts I, II (omit the details and get the man ideas).

Joseph T. Fuhrmann, The Origins of Capitalism in Russia: Industry and Progress in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Chicago: 1972), Chapters 1, 2, 10-13 (omit the details).

RECOMMENDED

Paul Avrich, Russian Rebels, 1600-1800 (Schocken Booke, 1972).

Lloyd E. Berry and Robert O. Crummey, editors, Rude & Barbarous Kingdom (The University of Washington Press, 1968).

V. O. Kliuchevsky, A Course in Russian History: The 17th Century (Quadrangle Books, Inc.)

James Mavor, An Economic History of Russia (New York: 1965), two volumes.

R. E. F. Smith, The Enserfment of the Russian Peasantry (Cambridge: 1968).

George Vernadsky, The Tsardom of Moscow, 1547-1682, in two volumes, (London and New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969).

Jerome Blum, “The Rise of Serfdom in Eastern Europe,” American Historical Review, Vol. LXII, 1957, pp. 807-836.

T. S. Wellan, The Early History of the Russia Company (New York: 1969).

See also Part I and II of the Reading List.

PART IV – FROM PETER I TO THE EMANCIPATION OF THE PEASANTS
1700 — 1861

REQUIRED

Blum, Chapters 15-27.

James Mavor, An Economic History of Russia (New York: 1925, 1965), pp. 100-141 (omit the details).

A. Kahan, “Continuity in Economic Activity and Policy During the Post-Petrine Period in Russia,” The Journal of Economic History, Vol. XXV, March, 1965, pp. 61-85.

A. Kahan, “The Costs of ‘Westernization’ in Russia: The Gentry and the Economy in the Eighteenth Century,” The Slavic Review, Vol. XXV, March, 1966, pp. 40-66.

R. Portal, “The Industrialization of Russia,” The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol. VI, Part II, (Cambridge: 1965), pp. 801-810.

W. Blackwell, The Beginnings of Russian Industrialization, 1800-1860 (Princeton: 1968), (Get the main ideas and omit all details).

RECOMMENDED

Clifford M. Foust, Muscovite and Mandarin: Russia’s Trade with China and its Setting, 1727-1805 (Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press, 1969).

Baron August Von Haxthausen, Studies on the Interior of Russia (University of Chicago Press, 1972).

Baron August Von Haxthausen, The Russian Empire, Volume 1 and 2.

James Mavor, An Economic History of Russia (New York: Russell and Russell, Inc., 1925, 1965), pp. 142-374, Volume I.

Anatole G. Mazour, The First Russian Revolution, 1825: The Decembrist Movement — Its Origins, Development, and Significance (Stanford: 1937).

Walter McKenzie Pintner, Russian Economic Policy Under Nicholas I (Cornell University Press, 1967).

Charles H. Pearson, Russia by a Recent Traveller (Frank Cass and Co. Limited, 1970).

S. P. Turin, From Peter the Great to Lenin: A History of the Russian Labour Movement with Special Reference to Trade Unionism (W. Heffer and Sons)

PART V — FROM THE EMANCIPATION OF THE PEASANTS TO
THE SOVIET REGIME 1861-1917

REQUIRED

A. Gerschenkron, “Agrarian Policies and Industrialization: Russia 1861-1917,” The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol. VI, Part II, (Cambridge: 1965) , pp. 706-800 (Get the main ideas and skip the details).

G. T. Robinson, Rural Russia Under the Old Regime (New York: 1962).

A. Gerschenkeron, “Russia: Patterns and Problems of Economic Development, 1861-1958,” Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (Cambridge, Mass.: 1962), pp. 119-151.

A. Gerschenkron, “The Rate of Industrial Growth in Russia Since 1885,” The Tasks of Economic History, Supplement VII, 1947, to The Journal of Economic History, pp. 144-174.

R. W. Goldsmith, “The Economic Growth of Tsarist Russia, 1860-1913,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. IX, April, 1961, pp. 441-475 (only pp. 441-443 are required).

Paul Gregory, “Economic Growth and Structural Change in Tsarist Russia: A Case of Modern Economic Growth?” Soviet Studies, Vol. XXIII, January, 1972, pp. 418-434.

T. H. Von Laue, Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia (New York: 1963), (not in detail), pp. 1-35, 262-308.

RECOMMENDED

Dorothy Atkinson, “The Statistics on the Russian Land Commune, 1905-1917,” Slavic Review, Vol. 32, Number 4, December, 1973, pp. 773-787.

Alexis N. Antsyferov, Russian Agriculture during the War: Rural Economy (New Haven: 1930).

Haim Barkai, “The Macro-Economics of Tsarist Russia in the Industrialization Era: Monetary Developments, the Balance of Payments and the Gold Standard, The Journal of Economic History, Vol. XXXIII, June, 1973, pp. 339-371.

A.V. Chayanov, The Theory of Peasant Economy (Homewood, Illinois: 1966).

T. Emmons, The Russian Gentry and the Peasant Emancipation to 1861 (Cambridge: 1968).

A. Gerschenkron, Continuity in History and Other Essays (Cambridge, Mass.: 1968).

A. Gerschenkron, Europe in the Russian Mirror: Four Lectures in Economic History (Cambridge University Press, 1970).

Geoffrey A. Hosking, The Russian Constitutional Experiment: Government and Duma, 1907-1914 (New York and London: Cambridge University Press, 1973).

Isaac A. Hourwich, The Economics of the Russian Village (New York: Columbia University, 1892).

Stefan Kieniewicz, The Emancipation of the Polish Peasantry (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969).

V. I. Lenin, The Development of Capitalism in Russia, (second Russian edition, Moscow: 1907; English translation, Moscow: 1956).

James Mavor, An Economic History of Russia (New York: Russell & Russell, 1925, 1965).

John P. Mckay, Pioneers for Profit: Foreign Entrepreneurship and Russian Industrialization, 1885-1913(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970).

Margaret Miller, The Economic Development of Russia, 1905-1914, second edition, (New York: 1967).

W. H. Parker, A Historical Geography of Russia (London: 1968).

Alfred J. Rieber, editor, Politics of Autocracy: Letters of Alexander II to Prince Bariatinskii, 1857-1865 (New York: 1966).

Amende Roosa, “Russian Industrialists and ‘State Socialism’, 1906-1917,” Soviet Studies, Vol. XXIII, January, 1972, pp. 395-417.

Teodor Shanin, The Awkward Class: Political Sociology of Peasantry in a Developing Society: Russia 1910-1925 (Oxford: 1972).

Mikhail I. Tugan-Baranovsky, The Russian Factory in the 19th Century, Richard D. Irwin, 1970.

Wayne S. Vucinich, editor, The Peasant in Nineteenth-Century Russia (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1968; London: 1970).

Reginald E. Zelnik, Labor and Society in Tsarist Russia: The Factory Workers of St. Petersburg, 1855-1870(Stanford: April, 1971).

Male, D. J., Russian Peasant Organisation Before Collectivisation. A Study of Commune and Gathering 1925-1930. (Cambridge University Press, 1971).

Source: Personal copy of Irwin Collier.

Image Source: MIT Economics Facebook post (Evsey Domar, In Memoriam) of October 10, 2014.

Tags Domar

Harvard M.I.T. Math Pedagogy Princeton Teaching Wisconsin

Harvard. Draft memo on “Basic Mathematics for Economics”. Rothschild, ca. 1970

Post author By Irwin Collier
Post date 2022-05-20

“These bewildering cook-books [Allen, Lancaster, Samuelson, Henderson & Quandt] are as helpful to those without mathematical training as Escoffier is to weekend barbecue chefs.”

The 1969 M.I.T. economics Ph.D. Michael Rothschild served briefly as assistant professor of economics at Harvard, a professional milestone that went somehow unmentioned in his official Princeton biography included below. He co-taught the core graduate microeconomic theory course with Zvi Griliches in the spring term of 1971 which is probably why a draft copy of his memo proposing “a course which truly covers ‘Basic Mathematics for Economists'” is found in Griliches’ papers at the Harvard Archives.

Tip: Here is a link to an interview with Michael Rothschild posted in YouTube (Dec. 4, 2012). A wonderful conversation revealing his academic humility and wit as well as an above-average capacity for self-reflection.

_________________________________

Courses Referred to in Rothschild’s Memo

Economics 199. Basic Mathematics for Economists

Half course (fall term). M., W., F., at 10. Professor G. Hanoch (Hebrew University).

Covers some of the basic mathematical and statistical tools used in economic analysis, including maximization and minimization of functions with and without constraint. Applications to economic theory such as in utility maximization, cost minimization, and shadow prices will be given. Probability and random variables will be treated especially as these topics apply to economic analysis.

Source: Harvard University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Courses of Instruction, Harvard and Radcliffe 1969-1970. Published in Official Register of Harvard University, Vol. LXVI, No. 12 (15 August 1969), p. 142.

* * * * * * * *

Economics 201a. Advanced Economic Theory

Half course (fall term; repeated spring term). Tu., Th., (S.), at 12. Professor D. Jorgenson (fall term); Professor W. Leontief (spring term).

This course will be concerned with production theory, consumption theory, and the theories of firms and markets.
Prerequisite: Economics 199 or equivalent.

Source: Ibid., p. 143.

* * * * * * * *

Economics 221a. Quantitative Methods, I

Half course (fall term; repeated spring term). Tu., Th., S., at 11. Assistant Professor A. Blackburn (fall term); Assistant Professor M. Rothschild (spring term).

Probability theory, statistical inference, and elementary matrix algebra.

Prerequisite: Economics 199 or equivalent

Source: Ibid., p. 146.

_________________________________

DRAFT
[Summer or Fall 1970?]

M. Rothschild

Economics 201a, as Professor Jorgenson now teaches it¹, presumes much specialized mathematical knowledge. (See attachment 1) There is no single course which covers all these topics, (chiefly the implicit function theorem, constrained maximization and Euler’s theorem), in either the economics or mathematics departments at Harvard. We are in effect demanding that our students arrive knowing these things or that they learn them on their own. The former is unlikely, the latter more so. Imagine trying to learn the mathematics necessary to follow the standard derivation of the Slutsky equation by studying the standard sources such as Allen, Mathematical Analysis for Economists, Lancaster’s Mathematical Economics or the appendices to Samuelson’s Foundations or Henderson and Quandt. These bewildering cook-books are as helpful to those without mathematical training as Escoffier is to weekend barbecue chefs. Those with some knowledge of mathematics will not find the standard sources much more helpful for they are written in a spirit alien to that of modern mathematics; they give almost no motivation or intuition for their results.

There are other bits of mathematics necessary for a thorough understanding of basic economic theory. For instance, the stability theory of difference and differential equations, the theory of positive matrices and rudiments of duality and convexity theory are required for the stability analysis of simple macro models, input output economics, and linear programming respectively. These are hardly new fangled and abstruse parts of economic theory. Indeed they are topics which should be part of every economist’s competence.

There are courses at Harvard where one can learn these things; the difficulty is that there are so many. Advanced courses in mathematical economics treat of positive matrices, duality and much more. Few students take these courses and almost no first year students do. I have no doubt that somewhere in the mathematics or applied math department, there is a course where one may learn all one would want to know and more of difference and differential equations. But all economists really need to know can be taught in three weeks or less.²

There is an obvious solution to these problems, namely for the department to offer a course which truly covers “Basic Mathematics for Economists.”³ A proposed course outline is attached. The course begins with linear algebra because most of the specialized topics needed for mathematical economics are applications of the principles of linear algebra. I know of no one semester course at Harvard which teaches linear algebra in a manner useful to economists. Another advantage to including linear algebra in this course is that it would make it possible to drop the topic from Economics 221a which is presently supposed to teach linear algebra, probability theory, and statistics in a single semester.⁴ I doubt this can be done. If linear algebra were excluded from the syllabus of 221a, there would be less reason for offering the course in the economics department. We could reasonably expect that our students learn statistics and probability theory from the statistics department (in Statistics 122, 123 or 190).

* * * * * *

¹…and, I hasten to say, as it should be taught

²A word must be said here about Mathematics 21. This excellent full year course in linear algebra and the calculus of several variables contains all the insights, and almost none of the material, which economists should know. With a slight rearrangement of topics, principally the addition of the implicit function theorem, constrained maximization, and the spectral theory of matrices this would be a great course for economists. As it is now it is a good, but rather time consuming, way to develop mathematical maturity which should make it easy to learn the mathematical facts economists need to know.

³The present title of Economics 199 which is a remedial calculus course taken only by those students with almost no mathematical training.

⁴I became aware of the need for such a course while teaching 221a. After spending three very rushed weeks developing some of the basic notions of linear algebra I had to drop the subject just when it would have been easy to go on and explain the mathematics behind basic economic theory. The desire of the students that I do so is indicated by the fact that most of them were enticed to sit through a second (optional) hour of lecture on a Saturday by the promise that I would unravel the mysteries of the determinental second order conditions for maximization of a function of several variables.

* * * * * *

Proposed course outline:

Linear Algebra, vector spaces, linear independence, bases, linear mappings, matrices, linear equations, determinants.
Cursory review of the calculus of several variable from the vector space point of view, the implicit function theorem, Taylor’s theorem.
Quadratic forms and maximization with and without constraints; diagonalization, orthogonality and metric concepts, projections.
The Theory of Positive matrices; matrix power series.
Linear Difference Equations, stability.
Linear Differential Equations, stability.
Convex sets and Duality. (If time permits.)

_________________________________

Michael Rothschild

Mike Rothschild first came to Princeton in 1972 as a lecturer in economics and quickly rose to the rank of professor three years later. Mike is an economist with broad interests in social science. His 1963 B.A. from Reed College was in anthropology, his 1965 M.A. from Yale University was in international relations, and his 1969 Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was in economics.

In the early 1970s, Mike published a string of ground- breaking papers studying decision making under uncertainty and showing the effects of imperfect and asymmetric information on economic outcomes. With Joseph Stiglitz, Mike proposed now- standard definitions of what it means for one random variable to be “riskier” than another random variable. He studied consumer behavior when the same good is offered at different prices and when the consumer does not know the distribution of prices. He studied the pricing behavior of fi when they are uncertain about demand and showed that a fi may end up setting the wrong price even when it optimally experiments to learn about the demand for its product. Arguably, Mike’s most important early work was a 1976 paper with Stiglitz on insurance markets in which insurance companies did not know the heterogeneous risk situations of their customers. Mike and Stiglitz showed that under certain circumstances a market equilibrium exists in which companies offer a menu of policies with different premiums and deductibles that separate customers into appropriate risk groups. This research is one of the landmarks in the field of information economics.

Mike left Princeton in 1976 for the University of Wisconsin and moved to the University of California–San Diego (UCSD) seven years later. His research over this period included papers on taxation, investment, jury-decision processes, and several important papers in finance. Mike’s research contributions led to recognition and awards: he became a fellow of the Econometric Society in 1974, received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1978, became a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1994, and in 2005 was chosen as a distinguished fellow of the American Economic Association.

In 1985, Mike decided to branch out from teaching and research, and he spent the next 17 years in university administration. Shortly after arriving at UCSD he became that university’s first dean of social sciences. Under his watch, the division grew dramatically in the number of students, faculty, departments, and programs. He presided over the launching of cognitive science, ethnic studies, and human development. During his deanship, the UCSD social sciences soared in the national rankings, reaching 10th nationally in the last National Research Council tally for 1996.

Mike was lured back to Princeton in 1995 to become the dean of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. During his seven-year tenure as dean, Mike started the one-year Master in Public Policy program for mid-career professionals; the Program in Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy; the Center for the Study of Democratic Politics; and the Center for Health and Wellbeing. Under his leadership, the Wilson School added graduate policy workshops to the curriculum, expanded course offerings, added multi-year appointments of practitioners to the faculty, and enhanced professional development. Mike shared his dean duties with his trusted and loyal dog, Rosie, who became an important part of the school’s community and accompanied Mike throughout campus.

Finally, Mike likes to wear a hardhat. At UCSD he oversaw the planning and construction of the Social Sciences Building, and at Princeton he built Wallace Hall and renovated Robertson Hall. The Princeton community may remember Mike most for turning Scudder Plaza from the home of a formal reflecting pool where guards kept people out of the fountain into a community wading pool that welcomes and attracts students, families, and children (many under the age of three) each summer evening.

Source: Princeton University Honors Faculty Members Receiving Emeritus Status (May 2009), pp. 18-20.

Image Source: Screenshot from the interview (Posted Dec. 4, 2012 in YouTube).

Tags Hanoch, Jorgenson, Rothschild

Economics Programs M.I.T. Undergraduate

M.I.T. Economics department committee (re-)organization. 1976-78

Post author By Irwin Collier
Post date 2022-05-19

During my second year in graduate school at M.I.T. (1975-76), the economics department professors were engaged in a discussion about reforming the administration of their department. At the time I was completely unaware of this discussion that had been provoked by the following memorandum written by then Department Head, Professor E. Cary Brown, based on his experience with the growing overload of administrative chores and responsibilities in a department with the scale of that attained by M.I.T.’s economics department.

Brown’s memo to the faculty is followed by a transcription of a copy of the letter Brown wrote to Robert Solow, who as an administrative reorganization committee member, must have been asked for some further testimony. The entire committee’s (Peter A. Diamond, Stanley Fischer, Jerry Hausman, Paul Joskow, Robert M. Solow) report was completed two months after Brown’s memo. In the same departmental file from the M.I.T. archives, one finds a copy of the actual assignment of administrative responsibilities for the academic year 1977/78.

Many, if not most, of the administrative tasks had been allocated and faithfully executed before this “reorganization”. I know that Evsey Domar had long been covering the placement of new Ph.D.’s and also proudly serving as the departmental representative for library-related affairs. I sense reading these documents that the truly neglected child all along was the undergraduate program for which some arm-twisting was required to achieve equitable burden-sharing among the faculty. But perhaps there were other specific items that had been sore points too. Maybe Brown simply wanted an explicit organization chart to forestall “whataboutism” from the mouths of relatively uncooperative colleagues. But like I wrote above, this was a discussion that was invisible to me (appropriately so) at the time.

Cf. The committee assignments in the Harvard economics department during the 1972-73 academic year.

__________________________

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02139

March 12, 1976

Economics Department Faculty

Dear [blank]

For some time I have become increasingly dismayed at the increase in the administrative burden in the Department, and now find the present job as Head to be a nearly impossible one. If the job is to be made tolerable, it must have substantial additional faculty support in some form to cut it down to a scope manageable either by me or a successor.

There are two basic ways that this can be achieved: (1) by spreading the administrative activities and responsibilities more widely among the faculty; or (2) placing these tasks on essentially an associate departmental head, whose precise title could take various forms Executive Officer, Academic Officer (e.g., Tony French in Physics), or Associate Head. I personally would favor the Associate Head route, but regard it as an open question subject to further discussion and consideration, and to Administration approval. This new structure should be treated as an experiment, to last no longer than until the next Head is chosen, and to be reconsidered at that time.

My own thinking about the administrative tasks of the Department separates them into four major areas: undergraduate programs, graduate programs, research programs, and personnel and budgeting. While these can be headed by an administrator or by faculty, it seems to me that the first two programs should have formal faculty control regardless of the form the administrative reorganization takes. The graduate program nearly has that form now and largely runs itself, with the exception of a few odds and ends that now lie outside the responsibility of the graduate registration officers. The undergraduate program is a long way from this structure and will require a good deal of imagination, initiative and effort to resuscitate the Undergraduate Economics Association and provide more guidance and support for majors. The research programs (student and faculty) focus more or less clearly under the Committee on Economic Research. Personnel and budgeting are an administrative responsibility. They have involved increasing amounts of time as budgets have tightened, space has tightened, and the search for new faculty has expanded.

The administrative structure is an important matter to the Department. Because it involves departmental administration and the role of the Department Head, it concerns the Administration through Dean Hanham. He has asked me to appoint the following committee to consider these questions of reorganization and to make recommendations: Bob Solow, Peter Diamond, Stan Fischer, Paul Joskow, and Jerry Hausman. Please give your views to members of the committee as soon as you can.

Sincerely,
[signed “Cary”]
E. Cary Brown, Head

ECB/sc

__________________________

Brown to Solow

March 16, 1976

Professor Robert Solow
E52-383

Dear Bob:

I shrink from making organization charts, but the following diagram is intended to give some idea of the orders of magnitude of faculty involvement in departmental chores.

Chairman, Committee on Undergraduate Studies

Faculty counselors (we have agreed with the UEA to keep members to 10 or less, and let faculty build up expertise by staying adviser for freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior year).

—10 faculty: 2 for each class. 4 for seniors

Faculty adviser for humanities concentration in economics (advises and signs up students); also considers the eligibility of economics subjects, what we consider concentration, etc.
Closely related to (2) is possible membership on the so-called Humanities Committee that approves and reviews the whole Humanities, Arts, and Social Science requirement and program. (We have no one on this year but as the largest concentration will surely need to have a presence.)
Approval of transfer of credits from other schools to M.I.T.
Advising with Undergraduate Economic Association in matters academic, professional, social.
Undergraduate placement, while an Institute responsibility, could be supervised and assisted by a faculty member who would keep up to date on summer placement, interning possibilities, salaries. The experience our students have applying to graduate schools, actual jobs offered and taken.
Design of curriculum, cooperative program, etc.
Various activities, such as providing information to undergraduates in their choice of major (Midway in fall, seminar in spring), Open House activities, Alumni activities, etc.
Relations with other Departments at undergraduate level, such as subject offerings, subject content, etc.
Supervision and staffing of undergraduate subjects with multiple sections — 14.001, 14.002, 14.03, 14.04, 14.06, 14.30, 14.31.
Catalog copy.

Chairman, Committee on Graduate Studies

Graduate Registration Officers, so far one each for first two years, and one for thesis writers. Has been suggested that we have an additional adviser for foreign students and minority and women?
Admissions Committee has, in the past, had three members.
Placement, both summer and permanent.
Supervision of core subjects.
Ph.D. and M.S. requirements, program, size.
Financial aid — coordinating various GRO; Admissions Committee, and Budget limitations.
Graduate School Policy Committee meetings.
Annual revision of brochure.
Graduate Economics Association, Black Graduate Economics Association.
Catalog copy.
Various activities — professional and social that are not contained within a particular class.

Chairman, Committee on Economic Research (I faculty)

Organized list of faculty projects requiring research assistants and the supply of them (both graduate and undergraduate). Assignment of R.A.’s.
Assistance in research proposals.
Inventory of internships and off-campus research.
Supervision of unscheduled subjects, such as UROP, Undergraduate Seminar, and thesis.
Supervision of M.I.T. Working Paper Series.
Allocation of computer funds, developing rules, developing alternative sources.

Personnel and Budgeting (Administrative Officer and a large chunk of my time)

Personnel
1. Nonfaculty is supervised by the Administrative Officer.
2. Faculty Personnel

(1) Employment — new Ph.D.’s and senior faculty
(2) Review and promotion
(3) Assignments, leaves, research

1. Postdoctoral personnel
Space allocations, revisions.
Budget Proposals
a. Proposals
b. Implementation

Telephone
Xerox & Ditto
Supplies
Equipment

There may be other matters that I am leaving out – routine meetings average probably a day a week, and things like that. Consultations with faculty, students, and other Departments, would probably add a couple more days.

If there are questions, I’ll oblige, of course.

Sincerely,
E. Cary Brown, Head

ECB/sc

__________________________

MEMORANDUM

May 10, 1976

TO: Department Faculty
FROM: Committee on Reorganization (PAD, SF, JH, PJ, RMS) [Peter A. Diamond, Stanley Fischer, Jerry Hausman, Paul Joskow, Robert M. Solow]

SUBJECT: Reorganization

ECB’s [E. Cary Brown] letter of March 12, which created this committee, starts from the premise that the administrative burden on the Department Head has become essentially impossible. This seems clearly to be the case. It has happened because the department has increased in size and complexity without any corresponding adaptation of its administrative arrangements. Every new function has fallen into the Head’s lap. (Top that, anyone.) Apart from the sheer burden of work thus created, another problem is the difficulty of communications, because that is also time-consuming.

After some palaver and negotiation, we have a reorganizational package to suggest. It rests on two conditions; since it is something of an interconnected web, it will probably unravel if the two conditions can not be met. (1) Since the only way to correct an excessively centralized structure is to decentralize it, we propose to diffuse administrative responsibility more widely through the department; there will be at least one serious administrative post for everyone, or perhaps two minor posts instead, but everyone will have to participate. (2) The administrative load attached to the undergraduate program has increased with the size of the enrollment and the improvement of the curriculum; no one wants to manage an inadequately staffed program. We propose, therefore, that the normal teaching load for everyone in the department be agreed to be half graduate and half undergraduate teaching. This definition should be extended to everyone on the departmental budget: joint appointees, visiting professors, etc. As soon as there are a couple of exceptions to this understanding, there will be more. Then the management of the undergraduate program will break down, and it will revert or default to the Department Head, and that is what we are trying to stave off.

The particular organization we have in mind is as follows.

The central functions (budgeting, space, leaves, relations with the MIT hierarchy, etc.) will be in the hands of the Department Head and an Associate Head namely PAD [Peter A. Diamond]). In addition, one of them (probably ECB [E. Cary Brown]) will be an ex officio member of the Committee on Undergraduate Studies to be proposed below, and the other will be an ex officio member of the Committee on Graduate Studies. The precise division of labor is obviously a matter of taste; for the moment, ECB [E. Cary Brown] will probably do most of the relations with the MIT structure and PAD [Peter A. Diamond] will concentrate on intra-departmental matters.
There will be a Director of Undergraduate Studies (PT [Peter Temin]), who will be chairman of a Committee on Undergraduate Studies (with 2 or 3 additional members, possibly RD [Rudiger Dornbusch], PJ [Paul Joskow] and one other). This committee will be responsible for revisions of the undergraduate curriculum adding and subtracting subjects, staffing them, degree requirements, etc. In recent discussions with the Undergraduate Economics Association, the proposal has merged that there should be a larger number of Undergraduate Advisors (i.e., registration officers) than there is now, with each taking care of at most 10 students. That suggests we would need about 8 such advisors. The members of the Committee might serve as advisors, plus others. Merely serving as registration officer for 10 undergraduates is by itself not an onerous job.
There seems to be no need for change in the organization of graduate studies in the department. We suggest that there be a Director of Graduate Studies (RSE [Richard S. Eckaus]) and a Committee on Graduate Studies which would, as now, consist of the other two Graduate Registration Officers. Things are going very well now with REH [Robert E. Hall] handling the first-year students. MJP [Michael J. Piore] the second-year students and RSE [Richard S. Eckaus] the thesis-writers. REH [Robert E. Hall] is prepared to take on the task or devising a scheme to keep track of post-generals students, and see that they find themselves a reasonable thesis topic in a reasonable amount of time. The scheme may need another person to look after it.
We suggest the creation of Committee on Staffing whose functions would include looking after the hiring of assistant professors, the dovetailing of visiting professors with faculty leaves, and the rationing of visiting scholars. The picture we have is that the members of committee would do the interviewing and preliminary screening of new Ph.D.’s at the annual meetings, and decide which of them to invite to come and give seminars. At that stage and thereafter, the whole department faculty would be in on the act, and final decisions would be made, as they are now, in a department meeting. The main time-consumer for this committee would be the correspondence in connection with hiring. Since that would fall on the Chairman, that post would be a major one. For the other members of the committee, the burden would be relatively light. We suggest REH [Robert E. Hall] as chairman, plus perhaps 3 others.
There seems to be no reason to change the way the Admissions Committee now functions.
We see no need for major change in the Placement process. Our only suggestion are (a) perhaps to provide EDD [Evsey D. Domar] with another person to share the load, and (b) to have a pre-season department meeting, analogous to the post-generals meeting, at which each graduate student entering the market could be discussed by the full facuIty, and information and ideas collected.
There are other details. RLB [Robert L. Bishop] is functioning as advisor to MIT undergraduates thinking about economics as part of their Humanities requirement, and we are happy to preserve that human capital. MAA [Morris A. Adelman] who has been our representative to CGSP is to begin a term on the CEP, which should count as a major administrative burden. We need his successor on CGSP.

One last point: we hope that each committee chairman will promptly send a written notice of each substantive decision to the Head and Associate Head for distribution to the department faculty, so that communications are well looked after. That plus rational expectations should do the trick.

Source: MIT Archives. MIT Department of Economics Records. Box 2, Folder “Department Organization”.

__________________________

DEPARTMENTAL ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES:
ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT 1977-78

UNDERGRADUATE COMMITTEE

Chairman:	Peter Temin
Members:	Cary Brown	Senior Faculty Counsellor, Ex Officio
	Jerry Rothenberg	Senior Faculty Counsellor
	Peter Temin	Senior Faculty Counsellor
	Rudiger Dornbusch	Junior Faculty Counsellor
	Jeffrey Harris	Junior Faculty Counsellor
	Jagdish Bhagwati	Sophomore Faculty Counsellor (Fall)
	Henry Farber	Sophomore Faculty Counsellor (Spring)

Summer Jobs: Jeffrey Harris
Humanities Adviser: Robert Bishop
Transfer of Credits: Cary Brown

GRADUATE COMMITTEE

Chairman:	Richard Eckaus	Thesis, Graduate Registration Officer
Members:	Paul Joskow/Mike Piore	Second Year Graduate Registration Officer
	Marty Weitzman	First Year Graduate Registration Officer
	Jerome Rothenberg	CGSP Representative
	Stan Fischer, Ex Officio

Admissions Committee:

Chairman: Robert Bishop
Members: Frank Fisher and Lance Taylor

Placement: Evsey Domar
Harvard-MIT Theory Seminar: Eric Maskin
Theory Workshop: Kevin Roberts

OTHER DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES

Staffing Committee: Chairman: Rudiger Dornbusch

(For New Ass’t Profs.) Members:

Paul Joskow
Jerry Hausman
Stan Fischer, Ex Officio
(Added for Temporary Visitors: Robert Solow)

Independent Activity Period: Jeffrey Harris/Marilyn Simon
Unstructured Subjects Committee: Peter Temin, Undergraduate; Richard Eckaus, Graduate
Computer Allocation: Richard Eckaus

ADDENDUM: INSTITUTE COMMITTEES

CEP: Morris Adelman
Associate Chairman of the Faculty: Michael Piore
Visual Arts: Jerry Rothenberg
Library System, Chairman: Evsey Domar

Image Source: For this portrait of members of the M.I.T. economics department in 1975 see the Economics in the Rear-view Mirror post that provides identifications.

Tags Adelman, Bhagwati, Bishop, BrownEC, Diamond, Domar, Dornbusch, Eckaus, Farber, Fischer, FisherFM, HallR, HarrisJE, Hausman, Joskow, Maskin, Piore, RobertsK, Rothenberg, Solow, TaylorLD, Temin, Weitzman

Chicago Funny Business Harvard M.I.T.

Chicago. Lyrics from “With a Little Bit of Luck”, ca. 1962

Post author By Irwin Collier
Post date 2022-05-08

The following number comes as the last sheet of a stapled collection of skit numbers, beginning with an economics version of “Dear Officer Krupke” from West Side Story, already posted. That number was written about 1962 and My Fair Lady ran on Broadway from 1956 through 1962, so this too could have been written sometime around 1962 as well.

_____________________________

FINALE
(To the tune of “With a Little Bit of Luck”
from My Fair Lady)

Oh we are all perpetually students
Because the army we would like to shirk
Oh we are all perpetually students
But with a little bit of luck, with a little bit of luck
We will never have to go to work

With a little bit, with a little bit
With a little bit of bloomin’ luck

The men upstairs harass us with their prelims
To write the answers always makes us fret
The men upstairs harass us with their prelims
But with a little bit of luck, with a little bit of luck
We will pass them all without a sweat

(Repeat Chorus)

Ingersoll and Earhart pay us money
And the reason we don’t understand
Oh Ingersoll and Earhart pay us money
But with a little bit of luck, with a little bit of luck
They’ll increase it by another grand

(Repeat Chorus)

Oh we have spent long years in these damn workshops
Hearing all the young professors shout
Oh we have spent long years in these damn workshops
But with a little bit of luck, with a little bit of luck
They’ll have pity and they’ll let us out

(Repeat Chorus)

The MIT men get the best job offers
The Harvard men get all the business dough
The MIT men get the best job offers
But we just never get the luck, we just never get the luck
All that’s left for us is Chicago

We just never get, we just never get
We just never get the bloomin’ luck

Oh everybody thinks that we are madmen
And we have no say in policy
Oh everybody thinks that we are madmen
But with a little bit of luck, with a little bit of luck
We will publish in the J-P-E.

No final Chorus

Source: Harvard University Archive. Papers of Zvi Griliches. Box 129, Folder “Faculty Skits, ca. 1960s.”

Image Source: Stanley Holloway (center) as Alfred P. Doolittle from the Broadway presentation of My Fair Lady. At left is Gordon Dillworth and at right, Rod McLennan. From Wikimedia Commons.

Exam Questions M.I.T.

M.I.T. Midterm and final exam questions for first half of international economics. Kindleberger, 1961-1967

Post author By Irwin Collier
Post date 2022-01-30

The two term graduate sequence for international economics 14.581 and 14.582 provided the following course description in the M.I.T. catalogues, unchanged over the better part of the 1950’s and 1960’s:

The foreign exchange market, foreign trade and commercial policy, with emphasis on the relation of the items in the current account to national income, international finance and the achievement and maintenance of equibrium in the balance of payments as a whole; current problems of international economics.

For this post I have transcribed six sets of the 1960’s exams for the first course of the sequence taught by Charles Kindleberger.

Kindleberger’s exams for both 14.581 and 14.582 for 1954-55 have been posted earlier, as have his exams for 1950-51.

_____________________________

Fall Term 1961-62

14.581 International Economics. Professor C. P. Kindleberger. 3 hours/week, 37 Students.

14.581
November 9, 1961
HOUR QUIZ

Answer two questions (equal weight).

Discus some of the choices which balance-of-payments statisticians must make, and illustrate how the outcomes are governed by the purposes to be served on the one hand, and the nature of the raw material on the other.
Indicate the contribution which the establishment of a forward market can make to hedging facilities for foreign traders
Evaluate the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem as an explanation of comparative advantage.

14.581 – International Economics
FINAL EXAMINATION
C. P. Kindleberger
January 23, 1962

NO BOOKS ALLOWED.
Answer question 1 and any three of the following five.

(one hour) Discuss the relevance to the theory of international trade taken in the widest sense of any three of the classical assumptions of:

a) full employment
b) mobility of resources within but not between countries
c) perfect competition
d) the labor theory of value
e) Say’s Law of markets

How is the theory modified, and the prescription of free trade altered, if the assumptions you deal with have to be revised?

Answer three questions (forty minutes each).

Which side do you favor in the debate between the elasticities and absorption in the exchange -devaluation problem? Explain.
To what extent, if at all, does international trade theory illuminate the tariff history of some country with which you are familiar? Give details.
How do tariffs affect the distribution of income within and between countries? Illustrate, with reference to the relevant theorems.
Under what circumstances, if ever, are two of the following three weapons of commercial policy justified: a) tariffs; b) quota restrictions; c) foreign exchange control? Compare the measures you treat with alternative means of achieving the same goals, and include in your justification, if you find one, reasons for why the means indicated are superior to the alternatives.
How is the theory of international trade, and of commercial policy, altered by moving from two to a greater number of countries?

_____________________________

Fall Term 1962-63

14.581 International Economics. Professor C. P. Kindleberger. 3 Hours/week, 46 Students.

Quiz
14.581
November 6, 1962

Answer both questions. (25 minutes each)

How does the United States Department of Commerce define a “deficit” in the balance of payments? Comment on the adequacy of this definition.
Evaluate the success of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory in explaining the basis of international trade.

Tuesday, January 22, 1963
Time 1:30 – 4:30 P.M.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Scheduled Examination in
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS 14.581

NOTE: Students are not permitted to use any books, notebooks, or papers in this examination. If brought into the room, they must not be left on the desks

Answer any five questions (36 minutes each).

What difference does the establishment of a forward-exchange market make to the conduct of international trade and exchange?
The underlying theory of international trade is sometimes called a theory of “comparative costs” and sometimes one of “comparative advantage.” Is there any real distinction between these views? Explain in detail.
Explain how trade and restrictions of trade alter the distribution of income within and between countries.
If you were called upon to judge the Alexander-Machlup debate over the adjustment mechanism under changing exchange rates, which side would you favor and why?
What is the “foreign repercussion” in the adjustment mechanism? How does it operate? Evaluate its significance.
What difference does it make, when a country restricts its international trade by a given amount, whether it uses tariffs or quotas?
Do customs unions enlarge welfare?

_____________________________

Fall Term 1963-64

14.581 International Economics. Professor C. P. Kindleberger. 3 Class Hours/Week, 19 Students.

[Note: one additional section of 14.581 was taught by L. Lefeber with 22 students]

14.581
One-hour Test
November 14, 1963

Answer both questions, which have equal weight.

What is meant by a deficit in the balance of payments?
Expound the law of comparative advantage in modern economic terms.

Tuesday, January 28, 1964
Time: 1.30 – 4.30 P.M.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Scheduled Examination in
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS – 14.581

NOTE: Students are not permitted to use any books, notebooks or papers in this examination. If brought into the room they must not be left on the desks.

Answer six (6) questions (one-half hour each).

In balance-of-payments accounting, practice differs or is disputed in connection with the following items, among others. What are the various ways in which a country may treat five of them, and what is the justification for each possible treatment?

i) immigrants’ remittances
ii) payments to own nationals for carriage of imports
iii) foreign aid
iii) reinvested profits of foreign-owned enterprises
iv) new gold production sold abroad
v) short-term U.S. claims of commercial banks on foreigners
vi) prepayments of U. S. government loans to foreign governments,

Provide a geometric demonstration of the effect on the terms of trade of technological change in the export good which economizes the scarce factor. State all necessary assumptions explicitly, making them as neutral as possible.
Does the shift of the analysis of the theory of international trade from two to many countries change the theory? In what respects and to what extent?
Explain how currency devaluation under full employment affects the balance of payments, and the terms of trade
Meade states that the adjustment mechanism in international trade is virtually the same under the gold standard and under flexible exchange rates. How does he justify this assertion? Do you agree or disagree? Explain.
The marginal propensity to spend on home goods out of national income in Country A is 2/3rds, and to spend on imports, 1/6. Country B has similar propensities of 1/2 and 1/4. Country A undertakes new expenditure of 100 divided normally between home and abroad. What amount does B have to change its expenditures to preserve internal balance? What happens to A’s balance of payments?
The Reciprocal Trade Agreement Acts of 1934 and thereafter, and the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 called for reciprocal reductions of trade barriers. Under what circumstances and to what extent is it useful for a single country to reduce its tariffs by itself without matching tariff reductions abroad?
Set out at length and in detail the conditions under which customs unions increase world welfare.

_____________________________

Fall Term 1964-65

14.581 International Economics. Professor C. P. Kindleberger. 3 Class Hours/Week, 29 Students.

HOUR TEST
14.581
November 12, 1964

Define accurately “lags and leads” in the balance of payments, and discuss their significance.
What assumption does the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem make about factor inputs of commodities, and what is the significance of this assumption.

Tuesday, January 26, 1965
Time: 9:00 – 12:00 A.M.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Scheduled Examination in
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS – 14.581

Answer one question from each of Groups I to IV, and the single question in Group V.

Group I

Expound the theory of comparative advantage as simply and clearly as you can.
Does it make a significant difference to the theory of international trade to move from an analysis of two to more than two countries? Explain.
What are the gains from trade? How are they distributed? How does the gain of a single country change in response to a change in supply abroad? demand at home?

Group II

Is the purchasing-power-parity doctrine best described as a) a truism; b) a fallacy; c) a useful operational hypothesis? Explain.
Discuss the similarities and differences between the gold standard and the flexible exchange system.

Group III

Is free trade the best policy?
Analyze the slogan “There is nothing that a tariff can do that a subsidy cannot do better”.
Argue for or against international commodity agreements.

Group IV

Does a flexible exchange rate make it possible to pursue an independent monetary and fiscal policy internally? Explain.
What happens to the terms of trade when exchange rates alter?

Group V

What is the effect on its balance of payments of an increase in foreign demand for a country’s exports.

_____________________________

Fall Term 1965-66

14.581 International Economics. Professor C. P. Kindleberger. 3 Class Hours/Week, 46 Students.

[Note: No hour midterm exam questions found for the fall term 1965-66.]

Monday, January 24, 1966
Time: 1:30-4:30 p.m.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Scheduled Examination in
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS – 14.581

NOTE: Students are not permitted to use any books, notebooks or papers in this examination. If brought into the room they must not be left on the desks

Answer Question 1 and 3 others–all of equal weight. 45 minutes each.

Discuss the significance for the pure theory of international trade of two of the following assumptions:

1) two countries, two commodities, two factors
2) identical linear homogeneous production functions of the first degree
3) the labor theory of value
4) perfect competition in goods and factor markets
5) no transport costs.

What are the effects of a tariff on the distribution of income between countries and within them?
Comment at length on the Meade view that financial policies can be used to achieve internal balance, and exchange-rate variation to achieve external balance.
Write an essay on the “gains from trade,” including, inter alia, a discussion on what countries gain, how much, and under what circumstances.
Argue for or against discrimination in international trade, including, as one case, the customs union.

_____________________________

Fall Term 1966-67

14.581 International Economics. Professor C. P. Kindleberger with P. Bardhan, 3 Class Hours/Week, 39 Students.

Hour Test
14.581
December 1, 1966
10:30 a.m.

Answer one question under each of A and B (two in all, half hour each). Use a separate book for each question. Mark with your name and letter and number of the question.

Describe in detail how a central bank can use forward exchange operations a) to protect its foreign exchange reserves in the event of capital outflow; and b) to gain reserves. What are the benefits of such forward operations? their limits?
For 1964, 1965, and 1966 first nine months at an annual rate, the United States balance of payments showed the following data:

	1964	1965	1966*
	(in billions of dollars)
Gold sales	-0.1	-1.7	-0.6
Liquidity balance	-2.8	-1.3	-1.2
Official Reserve Transactions Balance	-1.5	-1.3	+0.8

*First nine months of 1966 at an annual rate, seasonally adjusted except for gold sales.

Did the balance of payments improve or worsen each year? If one cannot say, what more would one need to be able to do so? Explain fully.

B

Suppose you have a model with two countries, three goods, three factors, and internationally identical fixed-coefficients production functions for each good. What are the sufficient conditions for factor-price equalization in this model?
In the usual two-by-two trade model if all of wage income is spent on one good and all of rental income from capital is spent on the other good, find out the conditions for uniqueness of static equilibrium in such a model.
Take a small country in a large world with given terms of trade. Suppose in this country capital grows at a higher rate than labour and there is Hicks-neutral technical progress at a uniform rate in all the industries. What will happen to the wage rate and the rental rate on capital?

14.581T
24 January 1967
FINAL EXAMINATION

Answer question 1 or question 2 (one hour) and three others (forty minutes each)

Compared to a pre-trade situation how will free trade affect income distribution in the trading countries in terms of the Heckscher-Ohlin model, comment on the assumptions of this model.
What do you think are the most important limitations of the existing theory of international trade? Give suggestions, in as much detail as possible, about how you would go about removing one or two of them.
Defend or refute the view of those who claim that free trade hinders rather than stimulates economic growth.
What difference does it make to the impact of a tariff in general equilibrium what happens to the proceeds of the tariff?
Comment at length on the usefulness of the purchasing-power parity theory.
Suppose you have a country large enough to affect world prices. In that context comment on Samuelson’s proposition that “some trade is better than no trade.”
In a standard two-sector two-factor neoclassical trade model with constant proportions of income being spent on each good, show how patterns of specialization will change with factor accumulation.
Protectionists argue out — occasionally successfully — a case for government intervention, but a case for government intervention is not necessarily a case for tariffs. Illustrate with reference to the case of external economies in production.

Source: M.I.T. Institute Archives. Charles Kindleberger Papers, 1934-1999. Box 22, Folder “Examinations 14.581, 1949-1966”.

Image Source: Charles P. Kindleberger from the MIT Museum.

Tags Bardhan, Kindleberger, Lefeber

Carnegie Institute of Technology Chicago Economist Market Economists Harvard M.I.T.

Chicago. Three casual letters from Cambridge, Mass. regarding young talent, 1957-59

Post author By Irwin Collier
Post date 2021-09-10

In the three letters to Theodore W. Schultz transcribed for this post we witness the old-boy network at work in Chicago’s search for young talent. Mason and Harris from Harvard share the enormous respect that Harvard Junior Fellow Frank Fisher had won from the senior professors there. Evsey Domar hedges somewhat in his assessment of Robert L. Slighton but more or less places him in a spectrum running between Marc Nerlove and Martin Bailey closer to the latter. Other now familiar (and less familiar) names are tossed in for good measure.

____________________________

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Office of the Dean

Littauer Center
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

December 27, 1957

Professor Theodore Schultz
Department of Economics
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Dear Ted:

In addition to [John] Meyer, [James] Henderson and [Otto] Eckstein, I would also name Franklin Fisher and Daniel Ellsberg as among our really promising young men. Fisher and Ellsberg are, at present, both junior fellows. Fisher is something of a wunderkind, having graduated summa cum laude from Harvard at the age of 18. He published a mathematical article on Welfare Economics when he was a senior, and those who can understand it say it’s good. He is only 20 now, and, of course, it is difficult to say how he is going to turn out. He may be another Paul Samuelson, and on the other hand he may not. Ellsberg is another one of our summas and a very good man, indeed. I don’t think he measures up to John Meyer, but is probably in the Henderson and Eckstein category. Since I promised you six names, I will add that of [???] Miller who came to us this year from California. I have really seen nothing of him, and consequently, can no give you a first-hand judgement. My colleagues, however, think he is very good.

With best wishes, I am

Sincerely yours,
[signed] Ed
Edward S. Mason
Dean

ESM:rrl

____________________________

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

Office of the Chairman

M-8 Littauer Center
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

January 5, 1959

Professor Theodore Schultz
Department of Economics
University of Chicago
Chicago 37, Illinois

Dear Ted:

It was good to see you even though it was for a very short period. As you know, we include on our list of available men only those who have requested to be put on the list or who have given us their permission to have their name included in the list. It represents men who are either already Ph.D.’s or will receive their Ph.D. within the year, and who are actually available for the coming year.

[Daniel] Ellsberg will be getting his Ph.D. this year, but he is going to Rand at a salary of about $10,000. [Franklin] Fisher will not have his Ph.D. until June 1960. He is just out of college three years and has been offered an assistant professorship at Carnegie Tech. We have now promised him a similar appointment, and in fact he said he would prefer to be at Harvard.

Among other young men of talent who are now here but are not on our permanent roster are the following: Leon Moses who teaches half time in the department and does research with the [Wassily] Leontief project half time. There is a good chance that Moses will go to Pittsburgh, particularly in order to work on the metropolitan project with [Edgar M.] Hoover. Moses is an excellent man in every way and certainly of permanent quality: the same holds for Alfred Conrad who is in somewhat the same position as Moses. Incidentally, both of them have a leave for next year: There is also André Daniere who will be an assistant professor next year and who works primarily with Leontief. Daniere is another good man, though probably not quite as good as the others.

Then there are Otto Eckstein, James Henderson, Jaroslav Vanek and Louis Lefeber. They are all excellent men and in the running for a permanent appointment. Actually, during the next few years we will have but one or two openings and obviously we cannot keep all these men. There is little to choose among them and we will have a tough time making a decision. Please keep this in the highest confidence.

With kind regard, I am,

Sincerely yours,
[signed] Sey
Seymour E. Harris
Chairman

SHE/jw

____________________________

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Economics and Social Science

Cambridge 39, Massachusetts

January 14, 1959

Professor Theodore W. Schultz
Department of Economics
University of Chicago
Chicago 37, Illinois

Dear Ted:

Your letter of January 6, regarding [Robert L.] Slighton is not quite easy to answer. I do not know [Daniel] Elsberg [sic] or [Franklin] Fisher well enough to make comparisons, but I will try to compare Slighton with [Martin J.] Bailey and [Marc] Nerlove. From the point of view of statistical and mathematical ability, Nerlove stands in a class all by himself, and I do not think that Slighton’s comparative advantage is in those fields. As far as Bailey is concerned, he may have flashes of ideas at times superior to Slighton’s. On the other hand, I would credit Slighton with greater solidity, more common sense and better judgment. As far as long-run contributions are concerned, I don’t know on whom of the two I would bet at the moment, but Slighton would be a serious contender in any such betting.

Lloyd [Metzler]’s session went quite well. He was greeted by the audience most warmly and was pleased about the whole works very much. I am very happy that that meeting was arranged and that I could participate in it.

Please let me know if you need any additional information.

Sincerely yours,
[signed] Evsey D
Evsey D. Domar

EDD:jr

Source: University of Chicago Archives. Department of Economics, Records. Box 42, Folder 9.

Tags BaileyMJ, ConradAH, Daniere, Domar, Eckstein, Ellsberg, FisherFM, Harris, HendersonJ, HooverCB, Lefeber, Leontief, Mason, Metzler, MeyerHR, Moses, NerloveM, SchultzTW, Slighton, Vanek

Exam Questions Harvard M.I.T. Suggested Reading Syllabus

Harvard. Basic graduate microeconomic theory. Chamberlin and Samuelson, 1956-1957

Post author By Irwin Collier
Post date 2021-09-09

For some reason, Paul Samuelson was asked to help out with the teaching of Edward H. Chamberlin’s graduate theory course during the 1956-57 academic year. In Paul Samuelson’s papers at Duke I was able to find a letter from the Harvard economics chair, Seymour Harris, confirming his appointment as “Visiting Professor” for co-teaching Economics 201. The actual “allocation of subject matter” between Chamberlin and Samuelson is not clear from Samuelson’s papers, nor from the course outlines. Since the second semester reading list only has Chamberlin’s name on it, it seems likely that Samuelson’s participation was limited to the first semester of the course. Because Robert Bishop’s manuscript on Economic Theory (taught to generations of M.I.T. graduate students) was included in the first section of the fall semester reading list and we find questions for a one hour mid-term exam in Samuelson’s folder for the course, I am led to conjecture that Samuelson taught most or all of the first half of the fall semester of the course. As we can see from the internal M.I.T. department teaching records included below, Paul Samuelson continued teaching his courses at “Tech” that year.

Perhaps a future trip to Duke University’s David M. Rubenstein Rare Book Manuscript Library to consult the Edward H. Chamberlin papers that were donated in 2019 will help to establish why Samuelson was needed at Harvard that year.

_________________________

Letter from Chairman Seymour Harris to Paul Samuelson
May 25, 1956

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

Office of the Chairman

M-8 Littauer Center
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

May 25, 1956

Professor Paul A. Samuelson
Department of Economics and Social Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge 39, Massachusetts

Dear Paul:

Economics 201 meets Tuesday, Thursday, and at the pleasure of the instructor Saturday at 10. It would be hard to change that hour because of the arrangement of other courses, and also because we must have the same hour for the second semester.

I hope that you would get together with Ed and discuss the allocation of subject matter. You can have [Richard] Gill as an assistant, and he would, I am sure, be willing to meet the class once a week when you think it necessary. You will find him a most adequate assistant.

I may add that the Dean has agreed to recommend your appointment as a Visiting Professor, which is an unusual appointment, for most appointments of this kind, inclusive of Tech, are Visiting Lecturers. This suggests the high regard in which we hold you.

Sincerely yours,

[signed] Sey
Seymour E. Harris
Chairman

SEH/c
cc: Professor Chamberlin

P.S. I hope you will remember to bring my article on Saturday and any comments.

Source: Duke University. David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library. Economists’ Papers Archive. Papers of Paul Samuelson, Box 33, Folder “Ec201 Harvard Course, 1955-1956 [sic]”.

_________________________

From the M.I.T. economics department records for 1955-56

Paul Samuelson was teaching full time 1956-57. He taught Economics and Industrial Management (14.117) and Mathematical Approach to Economics (14.151) in the fall semester and Economic Analysis (14.122) and Economics Seminar (14.192) in the Spring semester.

Source: M.I.T. Archives. M.I.T. Department of Economics Records, 1947—. Box 3, Folder “Teaching Responsibility”.

_________________________

Enrollment figures from Harvard President’s Report

[Economics] 201. Economic Theory. Professor Chamberlin and Professor Samuelson (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Full course.

(F) Total 38: 26 Graduates, 2 Seniors, 1 Junior, 4 Radcliffe, 5 Others.
(S) Total 39: 27 Graduates, 2 Seniors, 1 Junior, 3 Radcliffe, 6 Others.

Source: Harvard University. Report of the President of Harvard College, 1956-1957, p. 70.

_________________________

Economics 201
Economic Theory
Fall 1956
READING LIST

I. Supply, Demand, Revenue and Cost

Marshall, Principles (4^th edition or later), Book III, Ch. 3, 4, 6

Mill, Principles, Book III, Ch. 1-6

Chamberlin, Theory of Monopolistic Competition, Ch. 2

Schultz, H., Theory and Measurement of Demand, pp. 5-12

Bishop, Economic Theory Ms., Book II, Ch. 1, 2, 3

Viner, Cost Curves and Supply Curves (1930), AFA or Clemence Readings

Robinson, Economics of Imperfect Competition, Ch. 2

Suggested:

Ricardo, Political Economy (Gonner Edition or Sraffa Edition), Chapter I

Mills’ Autobiography or the Introduction to the Ashley edition of the Principles

Jevons, Theory of Political Economy, Chapters 3, 4

Keynes, “Alfred Marshall,” Economic Journal, September 1924 (Also in Keynes, Essays in Biography)

II. Production and Consumption Analysis

A. Production and Cost

Chamberlin, Theory of Monopolistic Competition, Ch. 8, Appendix B

Knight, Risk, Uncertainty and Profit, pp. 94-109.

Stigler, Production and Distribution Theories, Introduction

Stigler, Theory of Price, Chs. 7, 8

Suggested:

Douglas, P. Theory of Wages

Hicks, Value and Capital, Chs. 6, 7

Carlson, Sune, Theory of Production

Cassels, J. H, “On the Law of Variable Proportions,” in Explorations in Economics, essays in honor of Taussig

Schneider, E., Pricing and Equilibrium

B. Utility and Consumption Theory

Hicks, Value and Capital, Chs. 1, 2, 3

Stigler, Theory of Price, Chs. 5, 6

III. Welfare Economics

Boulding, K., “Welfare Economics,” Survey of Contemporary Economics, Vol. II

Hicks, J.R., “Foundations of Welfare Economics,” Economic Journal, 1939

Pigou, A.C., Economics of Welfare, Preface, Part I., Chs. 3, 7, 8; Part II, Introductory, Ch. 9

Lerner, A. P., Economics of Control, Chs. 3, 5, 6, 7, 9

Source: Harvard University Archives, Syllabi, course outlines and reading lists in Economics, 1895-2003”, Box 6, Folder “Economics, 1956-1957 (2 of 2)”.

_________________________

Economics 201
Hour Exam
November 3, 1956

Define “external” and “internal” economies. What do we mean when we say these economies are (a) “pecuniary,” (b) technological”? (10 min.)
What are the conditions of stable equilibrium of supply and demand as analyzed by (a) Walras and (b) Marshall? Explain the “apparent contradiction” between the Walrasian and Marshallian stability conditions. (20 min.)
In the “Ricardian increasing cost” case, as described by Viner, what would be the effect on price, output, and rent to the fixed factor, of a tax of “x” cents per unit of output? Illustrate graphically. (20 min.)

Source: Duke University. David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library. Economists’ Papers Archive. Papers of Paul Samuelson, Box 33, Folder “Ec201 Harvard Course, 1955-1956 [sic]”.

_________________________

1956-57
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Economics 201
Midyear examination. January, 1957.

Answer the first two (2) questions and any three (3) of the others. Be sure to allocate your time approximately as indicated.

(Forty-five minutes). Assume two individuals (who act as pure competitors) and two commodities. Given the “production-possibility” or “transformation” curve for each individual and also his indifference map, indicate graphically: a) the equilibrium price; b) the equilibrium quantities of each good produced by each individual; and c) the quantity of each good exchanged.
(Forty-five minutes). Discuss the scope and limitations of “Welfare Economics.” Illustrate your discussion with reference to one or two specific theoretical problems (e.g., the box-diagram).
(One-half hour). A production function relates product (Q) to two factors, labor (L) and capital (C). Distinguish the “three stages” for each factor, and give an interrelations among them in a) the case of constant returns to scale (homogeneous production function) and b) the general case.
(One-half hour). Distinguish “internal” and “external” economies and analyze the possibility of equilibrium under pure competition in each case.
(One-half hour). A monopolistic firm can buy labor and land at fixed prices but sells its output in an impurely-competitive market. Now let it be subject to a tax of $X per unit of its output. On the oversimplified assumption that the tax leaves its factor prices, the consumer demand for its product, and its production function unchanged, compare the new equilibrium of output, price, and factor hirings with the old.
(One-half hour). Define the “income” effect and “substitution” effect of a price change. Indicate, in terms of these effects, the likelihood of a) a backward-bending supply curve, and b) a positively-sloping demand curve.

Source: Harvard University Archives. Harvard University Final Examinations, 1853-2001. Box 25. Papers Printed for Final Examinations [in] History, History of Religions, …, Economics, …, Naval Science, Air Science. January, 1957.

_________________________

_________________________

Economics 201
Spring Term, 1956-57
Economic Theory—Professor Chamberlin

I. Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition

Chamberlin, Monopolistic Competition, Chapters 1, 4,5, 9.

_________, “Monopolistic Competition Revisited,” Economica, November 1951.

Robinson, J., Imperfect Competition, Foreword, Introduction, Chapter 1.

Monopolistic Competition, Chapter 3, Appendix A.

Triffin, Monopolistic Competition and General Equilibrium T-heory, pp. 78-108.

Hall and Hitch, “Price Theory and Business Behavior,” Oxford Economic Papers, No. 2 (1939). (Also in Oxford Studies in the Price Mechanism, T. Wilson, Editor).

Chamberlin, “‘Full Cost’ and Monopolistic Competition,” Economic Journal, May 1952.

_________, “The Product as an Economic Variable,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1953.

Monopolistic Competition, Appendix C, Chapters 6, 7.

Chamberlin, “Product Heterogeneity and Public Policy,” American Economic Review, May 1950.

Suggested:

Robinson, J., Imperfect Competition, Chapters 3-7.

Fellner, Competition Among the Few, Chapters 1-7.

Holton, Richard H., “Marketing Structure and Economic Development,” Q.J.E., August 1953.

Alsberg, C. L., “The Economic Aspects of Adulteration and Imitation,” Q.J.E., 46:1 (1931)

Brems, “The Interdependence of Quality Variations, Selling Effort, and Price,” Q.J.E., May 1948.

II. Income Distribution—General; Wages.

Readings in the Theory of Income Distribution, 3.

Marshall, Principles, Book VI, Chapters 1-2.

Hicks, Theory of Wages, Chapters 1-4.

Readings, 12.

Monopolistic Competition, Review Chapter 8 and pp. 215-18, 249-52, (5^th or later edition).

Hicks, Chapters 5, 6.

Marshall, Book VI, Chapters 3-5.

Taussig, Principles, 4^th edition, Chapter 52 (or 3^rd revised edition, Chapter 47).

E.H.C., “The Monopoly Power of Labor,” in The Impact of the Union.

Readings, 19.

Hicks, pp. 170-185.

Suggested:

1. Douglas, Theory of Wages, Chapter 2.

2. J.B. Clark, Distribution of Wealth, Chapters 7, 8, 12, 13.

III. Interest

Böhm-Bawerk, Positive Theory, Book I, Chapter 2; Book II; Book V.

Marshall, Principles, Book IV, Chapter 7; Book VI, Chapter 6.

Wicksell, Lectures, Vol. I, pp. 144-171, 185-195, 207-218.

Clark, J.B., Distribution of Wealth, Chapters 9, 20.

Suggested:

Fisher, I., Theory of Interest, Chapters 5, 6.

Readings, Chapters 20, 21.

IV. Rent

Ricardo, Chapter 2.

Marshall, Book V, Chapters 8-11.

Robinson, Imperfect Competition, Chapter 8.

V. Profits

Marshall, Book VI, Chapter 5, Section 7; Chapters 7,8.

Taussig, Principles (4^th edition), Vol. II, Chapter 49, Section 1 (3^rd revised edition, Chapter 50, Section 1)

Veblen, Theory of Business Enterprise, Chapter 3.

Henderson, Supply and Demand Chapter 7.

Bernstein, P., “Profit Theory—Where Do We Go From Here?” Q.J.E., August 1953

Monopolistic Competition, Chapter 5, Section 6; Chapter 7, Section 6; Appendices D, E.

Schumpeter, Theory of Economic Development, Chapters 1-4.

Suggested:

1. Readings, 27, 29.

Source: Harvard University Archives, Syllabi, course outlines and reading lists in Economics, 1895-2003”, Box 6, Folder “Economics, 1956-1957 (2 of 2)”.

_________________________

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Department of Economics
Economics 201
Final Examination
May, 1957

A. Choose two of the following questions, allowing one-half hour for each.

Write a brief article on the subject of “oligopoly” designed for an encyclopedia of the social sciences, and therefore to be consulted and used mainly by non-specialists in the subject. (Consider well your objective before you begin.)
Discuss excess capacity in the economy, its meaning and its compatibility with “equilibrium.” What are the chief forces tending (a) to bring about, and (b) to eliminate, excess capacity?
(a) Discuss the issues involved in distinguishing between production costs and selling costs, and defend your own conclusions. (b) Are selling outlays, like production outlays, subject to the law of diminishing returns? Discuss, and illustrate your conclusion graphically.

B. Choose four of the following questions, allowing one-half hour for each.

“It is inappropriate to say that the marginal productivity of a certain type of labor determines its wage; wages, like the prices of all economic goods, are determined by both supply and demand.” Discuss with particular reference to the role of supply factors in an adequate theory of wages.
Develop the role which you would give to either (a) monopoly, or (b) rent, in your own theory of wages.
“Waiting is certainly not an element of the economic process in a static state, because the circular flow, once established, leaves no gaps between outlay or productive effort and the satisfaction of wants. Both are, following Professor Clark’s conclusive expression, automatically synchronized.” Discuss the several aspects of this quotation.
Outline your own theory of land rent, with some critical discussion of writers with whom you are familiar. (Restrict your discussion to the problem of land income, without extending the analysis to other factors.)
Write on risk as an element in the theory of profits, choosing such subdivisions or aspects of the problem as seem to you most significant. In what respects, if at all, would you regard a risk theory of profits as inadequate?

Source: Harvard University Archives. Harvard University Final Examinations, 1853-2001. Papers Printed for Final Examinations [in] History, History of Religions, …, Economics, …, Naval Science, Air Science. June, 1957. In bound volume Final Exams—Social Sciences—June 1957 (HUL 7000.28, 113 of 284).

Image Sources:

John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, Edward H. Chamberlin, Fellow 1958.

M.I.T., Paul Samuelson Memorial Information Page/Photos from Memorial Service. Accessed via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.

Tags Chamberlin, Gill, Samuelson

M.I.T. Syllabus Undergraduate

M.I.T. Course outline and readings for undergraduate applied microeconomics. McFadden, 1978

Post author By Irwin Collier
Post date 2021-07-21

I don’t remember how this particular course outline came into my possession during my graduate student days. I presume my sticky fingers together with an early manifestation of a propensity to hoard papers resulted in these four-pages finding their way into my files of teaching material. Now decades later, this applied microeconomics outline from Daniel McFadden’s first semester on the M.I.T. faculty is digitised. Only wish I had the eight problem sets too…

_________________________

14.03
APPLIED MICROECONOMICS

Daniel McFadden
Fall 1978

MWF 11-12
16-134

General Information:

14.03 is organized around a set of applied microeconomic problems. It is not a course in economic theory, but theoretical topics will be treated as they arise in the applications. Students are expected to know basic microeconomics as taught in 14.01 or another course at the level of R. Leftwich’s The Price System and Resource Allocation. Students are also expected to be able to use calculus with ease. The textbook for 14.03 is Microeconomic Theory: Basic Principles and Extensions, 2^nd ed., by Walter Nicholson (Dryden Press, 1978). Various other readings will be assigned.

Problem sets will be handed out on Wednesday and will be due the following Wednesday in class. They will be graded and returned on Friday. Generally, Monday and Wednesday will be devoted to lectures, and Friday to discussion and review, including discussion of the answers to the problems. Every student is expected to complete every problem set within the allocated time. There will be three quizzes in class. Problem sets will account for 40% of the course grade, the quizzes for 30%, and the final for 30%.

I will be available in E52-274B on Wednesday afternoons, and by appointment at other times; my phone is 253-3378. Generally, you should take questions about problem sets and grading to the teaching assistant (his name will be announced later) and questions about the lectures to me.

The problems to be covered are:

1. the demand for energy,
2. the demand for air conditioners,
3. the supply of electricity,
4. the market for natural gas,
5. the market for automobiles,
6. pricing of tugboat services and the anti-trust law,
7. costs and risks of nuclear and non-nuclear energy development,
8. public investment in transportation.

The schedule of quizzes is:

Quiz 1—October 11, covering problems 1 & 2.

Quiz 2—November 1, covering problems 3 & 4 plus preceding material.

Quiz 3—November 29, covering problems 5, 6, 7 plus preceding material.

READINGS AND SCHEDULE

The demand for energy.

Lectures: Sept. 13, 15, 18, 20.

Discussion: Sept. 22, 29.

Problem Set 1: out Sept. 20; due Sept. 27.

Read: Nicholson 3, 4, 5 (skim 6).

L. Taylor, “The demand for electricity: A survey,” BELL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 6 (Spring 1975), 74-110.

D. McFadden et al., “Determinants of the long-run demand for electricity,” PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION,

A TIME TO CHOOSE, Energy Policy Project of the Ford Foundation (Ballinger, 1974), Chap. 5 and Appendices A, B.

The demand for air conditioners.

Lectures: Sept. 25, 27.

Discussion: Oct. 6.

Problem Set 2: out Sept. 27; due Oct. 4

Read:

J. Hausman, “Consumer choice of durables and energy demand,” MIT, mimeo., 1978.

A. Goett, “Appliance fuel choice: An application of discrete multivariate analysis,” manuscript, 1978.

The supply of electricity.

Lectures: Oct. 2, 4, 13, 16.

Discussion: Oct. 20.

Problem Set 3: out Oct. 11; due Oct. 18.

Read: Nicholson 7, 8, 9.

D. Pearl and J. Enos, “Engineering production functions and technological progress,” JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECONOICS 24 (1), (Sept. 1975), 55-72.

L. Wipf and D. Bowden, “Reliability of supply equations derived from production functions,” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 51 (February 1969), 170-78.

M. Nerlove, “Returns to scale in electricity supply,” in MEASUREMENT IN ECONOMICS, C. Christ (ed.), (Stanford Univ. Press, 1963), pp. 167-98.

T. Cowling, “Technical change and scale economies in an engineering production function: The case of steam electric power,” JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS 23 (1974-75), 135-52.

The market for natural gas.

Lectures: Oct. 18, 23, 25.

Discussion: Oct. 27.

Problem Set 4: out Oct. 18; due Oct. 25.

Read: Nicholson, Part IV, Chap. 10, 11, 12, 13 (skim 14, 15, 16).

P. MacAvoy and R. Pindyck, “Alternative regulatory policies for dealing with the natural gas shortage,” BELL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 4 (Autumn 1973), 454-98.

R. Hall and R. Pindyck, “The conflicting goals of national energy policy,” PUBLIC INTEREST 47 (Spring 1977), 3-15.

The market for automobiles.

Lectures: Oct. 30, Nov. 3.

Discussion: Nov. 10.

Problem Set 5: out Nov. 1; due Nov. 8.

Read: Nicholson 17.

G. Akerlof, “The market for ‘lemons’: Qualitative uncertainty and the market mechanism,” QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 84 (1970), 488-500.

Z. Griliches, PRICE INDICES AND QUALITY CHANGE (Harvard, 1971), Introduction and Chap. 3.

R. P. Smith, CONSUMER DEMAND FOR CARS IN THE USA (Cambridge, 1975), pp. 1-88.

Pricing of tugboat services and the anti-trust law.

Lectures: Nov. 6, 8.

Discussion: Nov. 17.

Problem Set 6: out Nov. 8; due Nov. 15.

Read: Nicholson 18, 19, 20.

P. Areeda and D. Turner, “Predatory pricing and related practices…,” HARVARD LAW REVIEW 88 (1975), 697-733.

F. Scherer et al., “Predatory pricing and the Sherman Act, “ HARVARD LAW REVIEW 89 (1976), 868-902.

D. McFadden and R. Palmer, “The economic foundation for liability and damages from predatory pricing,” manuscript, 1978.

S. Goldman, “Industrial concentration and economic welfare: Some theoretical observations,” Working Paper IP-251 in Economic Theory and Econometrics, Berkeley, October 1977.

Benefits and risks of nuclear and non-nuclear energy development.

Lectures: Nov. 15, 20, 22.

Discussion: Nov. 27.

Problem Set 7: out Nov. 15; due Nov. 22.

Read: Nicholson 6, 18, 19, 20.

S. Rosen and Thaylor, reference to be supplied.

A. Tversky, SCIENCE 185 (Sept. 27, 1974), 1124-31.

Joel Yellen, “The nuclear regulatory commission’s reactor safety study,” BELL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 7 (1) (Spring 1976), 317-39.

Public investment in transportation.

Lectures: Dec. 1, 4, 6, 11.

Discussion: Dec. 8.

Problem Set 8: out Nov. 29; due Dec. 6.

Read: Nicholson 21, 22, 23.

D. McFadden, “Revealed preferences of a government bureaucracy: Theory,” BELL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 6 (Autumn 1975), 401-16.

D. McFadden, “Criteria for public investment,” JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 80 (1972), 1295-1305.

T. Keeler et al., THE FULL COSTS OF URBAN TRANSPORT,

M. Webber, “The BART experience—What have we learned,” PUBLIC INTEREST 45 (Fall 1976), 79-108.

Final review: December 13.

Source: Personal copy of Irwin Collier.

Image Source: Gonçalo L. Fonseca’s “Daniel McFadden profile page” at The History of Economic Thought Website.

Tags McFadden

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WRITINGS AND REPORTED ADDRESSES OF FRANCIS A. WALKER.

Davis Rich Dewey, 1858-1942

Financial History of the United States (12th edition). New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1936. by Davis Rich Dewey, Ph.D., LL.D., Emeritus Professor of Economics and Statistics Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Suggestions for Students, Teachers, and Readers

PROBLEMS IN RUSSIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY 14.732

E.D. Domar Spring Term 1974-75

PART I – KIEVAN RUSSIA PART II – APPANAGE RUSSIA

PART III — THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERFDOM BEFORE PETER I XVI and XVII CENTURIES

PART IV – FROM PETER I TO THE EMANCIPATION OF THE PEASANTS 1700 — 1861

PART V — FROM THE EMANCIPATION OF THE PEASANTS TO THE SOVIET REGIME 1861-1917

Courses Referred to in Rothschild’s Memo

Economics 199. Basic Mathematics for Economists

Economics 201a. Advanced Economic Theory

Economics 221a. Quantitative Methods, I

DRAFT [Summer or Fall 1970?]

Proposed course outline:

Michael Rothschild

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02139

Brown to Solow

MEMORANDUM

DEPARTMENTAL ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES: ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT 1977-78

FINALE (To the tune of “With a Little Bit of Luck” from My Fair Lady)

Fall Term 1961-62

14.581 International Economics. Professor C. P. Kindleberger. 3 hours/week, 37 Students.

14.581 November 9, 1961 HOUR QUIZ

14.581 – International Economics FINAL EXAMINATION C. P. Kindleberger January 23, 1962

Fall Term 1962-63

14.581 International Economics. Professor C. P. Kindleberger. 3 Hours/week, 46 Students.

Quiz 14.581 November 6, 1962

Tuesday, January 22, 1963 Time 1:30 – 4:30 P.M.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Scheduled Examination in INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS 14.581

Fall Term 1963-64

14.581 International Economics. Professor C. P. Kindleberger. 3 Class Hours/Week, 19 Students.

14.581 One-hour Test November 14, 1963

Tuesday, January 28, 1964 Time: 1.30 – 4.30 P.M.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Scheduled Examination in INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS – 14.581

Fall Term 1964-65

14.581 International Economics. Professor C. P. Kindleberger. 3 Class Hours/Week, 29 Students.

HOUR TEST 14.581 November 12, 1964

Tuesday, January 26, 1965 Time: 9:00 – 12:00 A.M.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Scheduled Examination in INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS – 14.581

Group I

Group II

Group III

Group IV

Group V

Fall Term 1965-66

14.581 International Economics. Professor C. P. Kindleberger. 3 Class Hours/Week, 46 Students.

Monday, January 24, 1966 Time: 1:30-4:30 p.m.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Scheduled Examination in INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS – 14.581

Fall Term 1966-67

14.581 International Economics. Professor C. P. Kindleberger with P. Bardhan, 3 Class Hours/Week, 39 Students.

Hour Test 14.581 December 1, 1966 10:30 a.m.

B

14.581T 24 January 1967 FINAL EXAMINATION

HARVARD UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

HARVARD UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Economics and Social Science

Letter from Chairman Seymour Harris to Paul Samuelson May 25, 1956

HARVARD UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

Office of the Chairman

M-8 Littauer Center Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

From the M.I.T. economics department records for 1955-56

Enrollment figures from Harvard President’s Report

Economics 201 Economic Theory Fall 1956 READING LIST

I. Supply, Demand, Revenue and Cost

Suggested:

II. Production and Consumption Analysis

A. Production and Cost

Suggested:

B. Utility and Consumption Theory

III. Welfare Economics

Economics 201 Hour Exam November 3, 1956

1956-57 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Economics 201 Midyear examination. January, 1957.

Economics 201 Spring Term, 1956-57 Economic Theory—Professor Chamberlin

I. Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition

Suggested:

II. Income Distribution—General; Wages.

Suggested:

III. Interest

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WRITINGS
AND REPORTED ADDRESSES
OF FRANCIS A. WALKER.

Financial History of the United States (12th edition).
New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1936.
by
Davis Rich Dewey, Ph.D., LL.D.,
Emeritus Professor of Economics and Statistics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

PROBLEMS IN RUSSIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY
14.732

E.D. Domar
Spring Term 1974-75

PART I – KIEVAN RUSSIA
PART II – APPANAGE RUSSIA

PART III — THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERFDOM BEFORE PETER I
XVI and XVII CENTURIES

PART IV – FROM PETER I TO THE EMANCIPATION OF THE PEASANTS
1700 — 1861

PART V — FROM THE EMANCIPATION OF THE PEASANTS TO
THE SOVIET REGIME 1861-1917

DRAFT
[Summer or Fall 1970?]

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02139

DEPARTMENTAL ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES:
ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT 1977-78

FINALE
(To the tune of “With a Little Bit of Luck”
from My Fair Lady)

14.581
November 9, 1961
HOUR QUIZ

14.581 – International Economics
FINAL EXAMINATION
C. P. Kindleberger
January 23, 1962

Quiz
14.581
November 6, 1962

Tuesday, January 22, 1963
Time 1:30 – 4:30 P.M.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Scheduled Examination in
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS 14.581

14.581
One-hour Test
November 14, 1963

Tuesday, January 28, 1964
Time: 1.30 – 4.30 P.M.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Scheduled Examination in
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS – 14.581

HOUR TEST
14.581
November 12, 1964

Tuesday, January 26, 1965
Time: 9:00 – 12:00 A.M.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Scheduled Examination in
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS – 14.581

Monday, January 24, 1966
Time: 1:30-4:30 p.m.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Scheduled Examination in
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS – 14.581

Hour Test
14.581
December 1, 1966
10:30 a.m.

14.581T
24 January 1967
FINAL EXAMINATION

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Economics and Social Science

Letter from Chairman Seymour Harris to Paul Samuelson
May 25, 1956

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

M-8 Littauer Center
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts

Economics 201
Economic Theory
Fall 1956
READING LIST

Economics 201
Hour Exam
November 3, 1956

1956-57
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Economics 201
Midyear examination. January, 1957.

Economics 201
Spring Term, 1956-57
Economic Theory—Professor Chamberlin

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Department of Economics
Economics 201
Final Examination
May, 1957

14.03
APPLIED MICROECONOMICS

Daniel McFadden
Fall 1978