Category: Radcliffe

Categories
Economists Gender Radcliffe Wellesley Yale

Yale. Economics Ph.D. alumna Sarah Scovill Whittelsey, 1898

 

This post adds a few details to Claire H. Hammond’s sketch of the life and brief academic career of the second woman to have received a Ph.D. in economics in the United States (note: Sarah Scovill Whittelsey tied for second place with Hannah Robie Sewall at the University of Minnesota). A link to Whittelsey’s 1894 Radcliffe portrait, note of her success in women’s college tennis, testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives, and her newspaper obituary are among the tidbits to be found below.

_____________________

Life and Career of Sarah Scovill Whittelsey

Claire H. Hammond. American Women and the Professionalization of Economics. Review of Social Economy. Vol. 51, No. 3 (Fall 1993), 347-370.   (here pp. 362-366)

_____________________

1892, College women’s tennis champion

The first intercollegiate tennis invitational for women is held at Bryn Mawr College. Radcliffe College’s Sarah Whittelsey wins the tournament. Vassar, Wellesley, and Smith Colleges turn down the invitation; many faculty members fear women cannot handle the competitive nature of sports.

Source: From the milestone timeline at the ITA Hall of Fame.

_____________________

1898, Yale Ph.D.

Sarah Scovill Whittelsey (Mrs. Percy T. Walden), B.A. Radcliffe College. In how far has Massachusetts labor legislation been in accordance with teachings of economic theory? Ann. Amer. Acad. Pol. and Soc Sci., Supplement, 1901, 1:1-157. 210 St. Ronan St., New Haven, Conn.

Source: Doctors of Philosophy of Yale University With the Titles of Their Dissertations, 1861-1927. New Haven, p. 65.

_____________________

President Hadley’s Introduction
to the published dissertation

Amid the many things which are valuable in the earlier reports of the Massachusetts Labor Bureau, none possess more permanent importance than the dispassionate analyses of the effects of labor laws which were prepared by Colonel Wright and his associates. The investigation of the workings of the ten-hour law in Massachusetts mills is a historic example of economic study which is as good as anything of its kind that has been done in the United States. But in more recent years the work of the Massachusetts Bureau has run in somewhat different channels. It has been to some degree crowded out of the fields of legislative investigation by the mass of purely statistical work which has been entrusted to its charge. And while the activity of its former chief is continued in his work as the head of the United States Bureau of Labor, the very breadth of the investigations which he is conducting forbids that complete treatment of any one field of legislation which was possible in his earlier labors.
Under these circumstances, the economic effects of Massachusetts labor legislation as they had worked themselves out in recent years seemed an appropriate subject for a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Yale. In her treatment of this theme Miss Whittelsey has presented the subject under three distinct aspects: an analysis, a history, and a criticism. Her analysis shows what is the present condition of the Massachusetts statute books on the various subjects connected with labor. The history shows when these statues were passed, and what were the motives and causes which led to their passage. The criticism undertakes to show what have been the effects, economic, social and moral, of the various forms of statutory regulation.
In a field of this kind it is hardly to be expected that the results will be startling. If they were, the method and the impartiality of the thesis would be open to great distrust. It is for the serious student of legislation rather than for the doctrinaire or the agitator that a painstaking criticism of this kind is intended. It has special value at the present day, when so many other states are following the example of Massachusetts in this line, and when there is a tendency to introduce similar methods of regulation into other departments of economic life besides those which are involved in the contract between the employer and the wage earner. Whether this tendency is to be regarded as a good or an evil thing is a matter of opinion on which thoughtful men differ; but there can be no question among thoughtful men of all parties that the maximum of good and the minimum of evil are to be obtained by studying dispassionately the results of past experience before we make experiments in new fields.

Arthur T. Hadley.
Yale University.

Source: Ann. Amer. Acad. Pol. and Soc Sci., Supplement, 1901, 1:5-6.

_____________________

CALLED TO WELLESLEY.

Miss Sarah Scovill Whittelsey Will Probably Accept.

NEW HAVEN. Jan 16—Miss Sarah Scovill Whittelsey of this city has been offered the chair of political economy at Wellesley college for one year. She has been summoned to Boston for a conference with the Wellesley authorities relative to the offer. She is to take the place of Miss Balch, who will leave Wellesley next fall to go to Europe for her Sabbatical year. Miss Whittelsey will, it is understood, accept the position.

She is the daughter of Joseph T. Whittelsey of this city, of national prominence as an authority in tennis, golf and college sports.

Source: The Boston Globe, 17 January 1902, p. 8.

________________________

Sarah Scovill Whittelsey (Mrs. Percy T. Walden)
B.A. Radcliffe College 1894.

Miss Whittelsey received her Doctor’s degree in 1898. During the year 1902-1903 she was Instructor in Economics at Wellesley College.

In 1905 she married Percy T. Walden, Ph.D. Yale 1896, now Professor of Chemistry in the University. They have two children, Sarah Scovill, born in 1906, and Joseph Whittelsey, born in 1911.

Since 1914 Mrs. Walden has served on the New Haven Board of Education.

Her dissertation was published in 1901, in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Supplement I, under the title “Massachusetts Labor Legislation : An Historical and Critical Study.”

Her present address is 210 St. Ronan Street, New Haven, Connecticut.

Source: Alumnae Graduate School, Yale University. 1894-1920 (New Haven: Yale University, 1920), pp. 46-47.

_____________________

Statement of Mrs. Percy T. Walden, New Haven, Conn., Chairman of Child Welfare, National League of Women Voters

Source: Hearing before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives. Seventieth Congress, Second Session. H.R. 14070 to provide a child welfare extension service and for other purposes.  Washington, D.C.: January 24 and 25, 1929. Pages 86-87.

_____________________

Obituary

Mrs. Sarah Walden.

New Haven, Aug. 7. — (AP.) — Mrs. Sarah Walden, 73, former economics teacher at Wellesley College, first woman member of the New Haven Board of Education and founder and long time president of the Connecticut Child Welfare Association, died at a hospital here yesterday after a short illness. She was the widow of Professor Percv T. Walden of Yale University.

Mrs. Walden. who was born In Paris but spent nearly all her here, was graduated from Radcliffe College in 1894, the year she won the women’s intercollegiate tennis championship at Byrn Mawr, Pa. She was a trustee of Wellesley College. She leaves a son, Joseph Walden of Elizabeth, N.J.; a daughter, Mrs. Richmond H. Curtiss of New Haven, and a sister, Mrs. Frank Dunn Berrien of New Haven.

Source: Hartford Courant. August 8, 1945, page 5

 

Image Source:  Radcliffe Archives. Portrait of Sarah Scovill Whittelsey by James Notman. Radcliffe College, Class of 1894.

Categories
Economists Gender Radcliffe

Radcliffe. Economics Ph.D. Alumna, Ada M. Harrison, 1952

 

John Bates Clark and his student Thorstein Veblen are the two most famous economists associated with Carleton College. Less famous but having a greater direct impact on more generations of Carleton students was the Radcliffe Ph.D., Ada M. Harrison. With this post she now joins our series “Meet an economics Ph.D. alumna”.

An oral history Interview with Ada M. Harrison recorded in 1993.

______________________

Ada M. Harrison, A.M.
Radcliffe Ph.D. in Economics, 1952

Special Field, Business Organization and Control.
Dissertation, “The Competitive Structure of the Wood Household Manufacturing Furniture Industry”.

Source: Radcliffe College. Reports of Officers Issue, 1951-52 Sessions.  Official Register of Radcliffe College, Vol. XVIII, No. 5 (December, 1952), p. 22.

______________________

Carleton College Emerita Professor Ada M. Harrison Dies

Ada M. Harrison, one of Carleton College’s most admired and beloved professors, died Monday, Dec. 27, [1999] in Northfield, Minn. She was 85. A respected economist and devoted teacher, Harrison taught economics for 31 years at Carleton, specializing in industrial organization, economic theory, and accounting. A public memorial service was held Friday, Jan. 28, 2000, in Carleton’s Skinner Memorial Chapel.

Harrison was born Feb. 2, 1914, in Saskatchewan, Canada. She received her bachelor’s degree from the State College of Washington, Pullman, in 1941 and earned her Ph.D. in economics from Radcliffe College in 1952. Before coming to Carleton in 1948, Harrison was a statistician for a Chicago investment firm and served as an economist with the Office of Price Administration in Washington.

“In her many years of teaching at Carleton, Ada Harrison had a profound impact on her students,” Carleton President Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. said. “A diminutive but demanding teacher of accounting and microeconomics, she expected analytical rigor and high standards of precision. With a quick mind and sharp wit, she often struck fear in the hearts of hundreds of future business leaders, who testify abundantly to her lasting effect on their lives.”

Michael S. Hunt, a 1968 graduate of Carleton and principal with Life Science Advisors in Carmel, Ind., remembered Harrison as a great teacher of economics and a dear friend. “As a freshman in her Introductory Economics class, I felt stark terror that I will always remember because she would accept only our best, critical thought and made it painfully clear when we didn’t produce. As I got to know her during my four years at Carleton I realized that she was not only a brilliant economist but also a woman with a great sense of humor and a deep concern for our professional and personal growth after Carleton.”

In 1957-58, Harrison was the only female among five college professors in the country to be awarded a National Research Professorship in Economics by the Brookings Institution of Washington, D.C. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and of the American Economic Association. During the 1950s and ’60s, Harrison traveled extensively to speak on economic issues. She also sponsored Carleton’s debate team for several years.

Harrison officially retired from Carleton in June 1979, but continued to teach for several years after her retirement.

George Lamson, the Wadsworth A. Williams Professor of Economics at Carleton and a friend and colleague of Harrison’s, recently asked her what she was most thankful for in her life. According to Lamson, Harrison answered without hesitation, “That I became a teacher and that I taught at Carleton.”

“Miss Harrison loved to teach, and she loved her students,” said Wally Weitz, Carleton class of 1970 and president of Wallace R. Weitz & Co. in Omaha. “She was demanding-there was no place to hide for the unprepared-and she taught us to think clearly and to express ourselves precisely. She had a major impact on me, and I am grateful.”

Source: Carleton College, Press Release of December 29, 1999.

Image Source: Carleton College Yearbook, Algol 1959, p. 24.

Categories
Amherst Barnard Berkeley Brown Chicago Colorado Columbia Cornell Dartmouth Duke Harvard Illinois Indiana Iowa Johns Hopkins Kansas M.I.T. Michigan Michigan State Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Carolina Northwestern NYU Ohio State Pennsylvania Princeton Radcliffe Rochester Stanford Swarthmore Texas Tufts UCLA Vassar Virginia Washington University Wellesley Williams Wisconsin Yale

U.S. Bureau of Education. Contributions to American Educational History, Herbert B. Adams (ed.), 1887-1903

 

I stumbled across this series while I was preparing the previous post on the political economy questions for the Harvard Examination for Women (1874). I figured it would be handy for me to keep a list of links to the monographs on the history of higher education in 35 of the United States at the end of the nineteenth century. Maybe this collection will help you too.

Contributions to American Educational History, edited by Herbert B. Adams

  1. The College of William and Mary. Herbert B. Adams (1887)
  2. Thomas Jefferson and the University of Virginia. Herbert B. Adams (1888)
  3. History of Education in North Carolina. Charles L. Smith (1888)
  4. History of Higher Education in South Carolina. C. Meriwether (1889)
  5. Education in Georgia. Charles Edgeworth Jones (1889)
  6. Education in Florida. George Gary Bush (1889)
  7. Higher Education in Wisconsin. William F. Allen and David E. Spencer (1889)
  8. History of Education in Alabama. Willis G. Clark (1890).
  9. History of Federal and State Aid to Higher Education. Frank W. Blackmar (1890)
  10. Higher Education in Indiana. James Albert Woodburn (1891).
  11. Higher Education in Michigan. Andrew C. McLaughlin. (1891)
  12. History of Higher Education in Ohio. George W. Knight and John R. Commons (1891)
  13. History of Higher Education in Massachusetts. George Gary Bush (1891)
  14. The History of Education in Connecticut. Bernard C. Steiner (1893)
  15. The History of Education in Delaware. Lyman P. Powell (1893)
  16. Higher Education in Tennessee. Lucius Salisbury Merriam (1893)
  17. Higher Education in Iowa. Leonard F. Parker (1893)
  18. History of Higher Education in Rhode Island. William Howe Tolman (1894)
  19. History of Education in Maryland. Bernard C. Steiner (1894).
  20. History of Education in Lousiana. Edwin Whitfield Fay (1898).
  21. Higher Education in Missouri. Marshall S. Snow (1898)
  22. History of Education in New Hampshire. George Gary Bush (1898)
  23. History of Education in New Jersey. David Murray (1899).
  24. History of Education in Mississippi. Edward Mayes (1899)
  25. History of Higher Education in Kentucky. Alvin Fayette Lewis (1899)
  26. History of Education in Arkansas. Josiah H. Shinn (1900)
  27. Higher Education in Kansas. Frank W. Blackmar (1900)
  28. The University of the State of New York. History of Higher Education in the State of New York. Sidney Sherwood (1900)
  29. History of Education in Vermont. George Gary Bush (1900)
  30. History of Education in West Virginia. A. R. Whitehill (1902)
  31. The History of Education in Minnesota. John N. Greer (1902)
  32. Education in Nebraska. Howard W. Caldwell (1902)
  33. A History of Higher Education in Pennsylvania. Charles H. Haskins and William I. Hull (1902)
  34. History of Higher Education in Colorado. James Edward Le Rossignol (1903)
  35. History of Higher Education in Texas. J. J. Lane (1903)
  36. History of Higher Education in Maine. Edward W. Hall (1903)

Image Source: Cropped from portrait of Herbert Baxter Adams ca. 1890s. Johns Hopkins University graphic and pictorial collection.

Categories
Exam Questions Gender Harvard Radcliffe

Harvard. Examination for Women. Political Economy (Optional Advanced Exam), 1874

 

During a recent visit to the Harvard archives I was frustrated when I found that in a volume with the title “Examinations for Women” that pages for advanced examinations, of which political economy would have been one according to an overview of the examinations, had been ripped out. Perhaps an advantage of our age of easy photocopying is that such acquisatory vandalism in libraries has been significantly reduced. Today I thought I would trawl the net and see if I could find any Harvard political economy exams for women in the days before there was even a Radcliffe.  Following an excerpt from a U.S. Bureau of Education report and a New York Times account (the examination questions are “far too hard”), Economics in the Rear-view Mirror is happy to provide a transcription of the questions for the advanced examination in political economy for 1874.

Political Economy exams for the Harvard men of this period have been posted earlier.

_________________________

HARVARD’S EXAMINATION FOR WOMEN

This was originally intended as a careful test of proficiency in a course of elementary study of a liberal order, arranged for persons who might, or might not, afterwards pursue an advanced curriculum of studies. It differed, therefore, both in its purpose and in its selection of subjects from any college examination, whether for admission or for subsequent standing. But it applied the highest standard of judgment in determining the excellence of the work offered. It furnished a test of special culture in one or more of five departments. It was not intended to be taken as a whole, and did not, therefore, represent the studies of a college course, but was adapted to persons of limited leisure for study, such as girls who had left school and were occupied with home cares, or teachers engaged in their professional labors.

In Scribner’s Monthly for September, 1876, the purposes of the new movement are set forth, and an idea given of the reception which has been accorded it. The writer says:

Harvard has undertaken to do for this country what Oxford and Cambridge are doing for England;

and he might have added, “and Edinburgh for Scotland.” Its faculty held examinations for women at Cambridge first in June, 1874, 1875, and 1876. In 1874 Harvard gave only four certificates; in 1875 only ten candidates entered, and in 1870 only six. In the latter year it was decided that examinations should be held also in New York. A local committee was formed there, with Miss E. T. Minturn as secretary. This committee went to work at once to procure candidates for examination after the manner pursued in England, on the establishment of a new center, and met with much encouragement.

The examination took place in June of 1877. The examinations (held in a private house, or in some room hired by the committee) were almost entirely in writing. No one was permitted to be present but ladies of the local committee, and a representative officer from the university, who brought the question papers, took the answers as soon as the time allowed for each paper had expired, and carried the answers at the close of the examinations back to the university, when they were inspected by the examiners and reported upon to the candidates through the local committee. This is the English mode of proceeding.

The examination, as in the preceding years, was of two grades. The first was a preliminary examination for young women who were not less than 17 years old; the second an advanced examination for those who had passed the preliminary examination and who were not less than 18 years old. The preliminary examination embraced English literature, French, physical geography, with elementary botany, or elementary physics, arithmetic, algebra through quadratic- equations, plane geometry, history, and any one of three languages — German, Latin, or Greek. The advanced examination was divided into five sections, in one or more of which the candidate could present herself:

(1) Languages. In any of the following: English, French, German. Italian, Latin, or Greek.

(2) Natural science. In any of the following: Chemistry, physics, botany, mineralogy, and geology.

(3) Mathematics. Solid geometry, algebra, logarithms and plane trigonometry, and any one of the three following : Analytic geometry, mechanics, spherical trigonometry, and astronomy.

(4) History. For the first year, 1876, candidates could offer either of the two following: The history of Continental Europe during the period of the Reformation, 1517-1648; or English and American history from 1688 to the end of the eighteenth century.

(5) Philosophy. Candidates might offer any three of the following: Mental philosophy, moral philosophy, logic, rhetoric, political economy.

Notice of intention to be candidates must be sent to the secretaries on or before April 1 preceding the examination. The fee for the preliminary examination was $15, for the advanced examination $10.

At the New York examination, referred to above, 18 candidates presented themselves, and the examination lasted a week, and was under the conduct of Professor Child. With the exception of a short oral exercise to test pronunciation of the modern languages, the examination was wholly in writing.

The committee were careful to lay stress upon the fact that they did not consider the preparation for these examinations equivalent to a course in Harvard, or other first-class colleges, and that they did not place the same value on a Harvard diploma and a Harvard certificate.

These examinations have now become a part of the regular work of the university, and are held every year simultaneously in New York and Cambridge (or Boston), in Philadelphia, and in Cincinnati, beginning on the last Wednesday in May. Since 1879 instruction as well as examination has been provided for by a new organization incorporated under the name of the “Society for the Collegiate Instruction of Women by Professors and other Instructors of Harvard College.”

The first intimation of this movement for the private instruction of women by professors of Harvard University was made in a circular signed by the seven ladies who became the first managers of the annex, and was dated Washington’s Birthday, 1879.

The terms of the circular were somewhat vague, but they were taken as evidence that privileges which had before been the right of men only were to be offered to women. The intention of the promoters of the scheme was, in fact, to provide for women, outside of the college, instruction of the same grade that men receive in it, united to tests of progress as rigid as those which are applied in the college.

The next step was the publication of a circular, giving the terms of admission to the courses of instruction to be offered the first year. This was done in April. The Harvard examinations for women being in successful operation, they were made the basis upon which fitness for ad mission was to be determined.

Upon the eighth examination held in Cambridge, New York, and Cincinnati, June 30, 1881, in accordance with the wishes of the Woman’s Educational Association, the candidates who presented themselves for examination were examined upon the subjects required for admission to Harvard College, with the exception, that the candidate could, if she chose, substitute French and German in place of Greek. The time and method of examinations and the papers used were the same as for the examination for admission to Harvard College, and the same privilege of passing a preliminary examination on a part of the subjects and of completing the course in a subsequent year was allowed.

Certificates were given, bearing the signature of the president, and specifying the subjects in which the candidate had passed.

The old order of examinations was then abolished except for such candidates as had passed on a part of the work required. The Woman’s Educational Association took charge of the examination in Cambridge, and local committees had charge of the examinations in New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati. The certificate given to a candidate who passes upon all the subjects required for admission to the college entitles her to admission to the courses of instruction given in Cambridge by instructors in Harvard University, under the direction of the Society for the Collegiate Instruction of Women. It is also accepted, if presented within a year of its date, by Vassar, Wellesley, and Bryn Mawr Colleges as the equivalent for examinations in such subjects, whether preparatory or collegiate, as are covered by it.

Source: United States Bureau of Education. Circular of Information No. 6, 1891. George Gary Bush, History of Higher Education in Massachusetts, pp. 176-178. [No. 13 in Contributions to American Educational History, edited by Herbert B. Adams]

 

HARVARD EXAMINATIONS FOR WOMEN
from a New York Times report in 1877

…The objects specially held in view by the ladies who have promoted this movement were to afford persons desirous of becoming teachers in schools such a diploma of competency for their task as would be received on all hands with respect, and, further, to promote a higher standard of attainments in the private schools attended by the wealthier classes, by thus securing them thoroughly qualified teachers. The radical defect in women’s education generally, more especially in the case of women educated at a fashionable school, is, that while they have a smattering of many subjects, they do not know one thoroughly….

…At present it appears to us that the questions are far too hard…

…[the illustrative questions cited from physical geography and history] are merely in the “preliminary” examination, and surely are well calculated to convey a lively apprehension as to the stiffness of the queries to follow; and we are not, therefore, surprised to read in the report that only three of the eighteen New-York candidates took up the whole number of subjects required for a certificate, and that of these, but two were successful.”

Source: The New York Times, December 30, 1877, p. 6.

_________________________

HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
EXAMINATIONS FOR WOMEN, 1874.

ADVANCED EXAMINATION. POLITICAL ECONOMY.

The examination will be based on Fawcett’s “Manual of Political Economy” [1874] and Blanqui’s “Histoire de l’Économie Politique en Europe.” [4e èd. Rev. et annot. (1860). Tome Premier; Tome Second]

SPECIMEN EXAMINATION-PAPER.

I. Fawcett’s Manual.

  1. Define, with illustrations, Wealth, Capital, and Money; and state the distinctions between them.
  2. How is the rapid recovery of a country from a devastating war explained?
  3. Define and distinguish Value and Price.
  4. What causes regulate the price of articles of vertu, of agricultural produce, and of manufactured articles respectively?
  5. Explain Ricardo’s theory of rent, the law of production from land on which it rests, and how the conclusion is drawn that agricultural rent is not a component of price.
  6. What causes the tendency of profits to fall as a nation advances?
  7. What principles determine the rate of wages, and what remedies are suggested for low wages?
  8. State the distinction between industrial partnership, complete coöperation, and the coöperative store; and explain the system of the Rochdale Pioneers and its advantages.
  9. What arguments can you give for or against peasant proprietorship?
  10. What effect have the discoveries of gold in California and Australia had on the value of gold, and what has tended to counteract that effect in England and the United States?
  11. What will determine the amount of money which a country will keep in circulation?
  12. “What will happen if the circulating medium is increased beyond its natural amount, by the introduction (1) of more gold or silver? or, (2) of bank notes which are redeemed in gold on presentation? or, (3) of inconvertible notes?
  13. Do the United States gain or lose by the constant exportation of the gold mined in California; and why?
  14. Can two countries trade with each other profitably, when every commodity exchanged might be produced by one cheaper than by the other?
  15. In the example given of an exchange of iron and wheat by England and France, what will be the effects of an improvement which cheapens the production of iron in England?

II. Blanqui’s Histoire de l’Économie Politique en Europe.

  1. Give the names and geographical positions of some of the chief of the Hanseatic cities, and briefly explain their rise and the organization of their trade.
  2. What important changes took place in the economical condition of Europe in the reign of Charles the Fifth? Give the leading dates of his reign, and name some of his contemporaries.
  3. What social changes, good or bad, were produced in Europe in the fifteenth century, by the discovery of gold and silver in the New World?
  4. When was the Bank of Amsterdam established, and on what plan was it conducted?
  5. When did the school of the French economists flourish, who were some of its leading writers, and what were its characteristic doctrines?
  6. Who was Adam Smith, when did he live and publish his chief work, and what service did he render in the development of political economy?
  7. What economical effects had the establishment of American independence?
  8. When and for how long a time did the Bank of England suspend specie payments?
  9. What were the characteristic views of Sismondi, and by what circumstances of his time was he led to them?
  10. Give some account of Robert Owen and of his system of social reform.
  11. How have the peculiar situation and industrial conditions of England probably influenced the views of her writers on political economy?

Source: Harvard University. Examinations for Women, 1874, p. 70-71.  Also, a copy at the Radcliffe Archives.

 

 

 

 

Categories
Chicago Economists Gender Germany Illinois Nebraska Radcliffe Wellesley Wisconsin

Michigan. Author of Progress of Labor Organization among Women, Belva Mary Herron, 1905

 

Today’s “meet an economics alumna” post features Belva Mary Herron whose only academic degree was a B.L. from the University of Michigan in 1889. Her greatest hit “Progress of Labor Organization among Women” was awarded the third Caroline Wilby Prize in 1904 “given annually to the student who has produced the best original work within any of the departments of Radcliffe College” . 

The Progress of Labor Organization Among Women, Together with Some Considerations Concerning Their Place in Industry. University of Illlinois. The University Studies Vol. I, No. 10 (May, 1905).

Herron’s only other publication I have been able to find was an article, Factory Inspection in the United States, published in the American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 12, No. 4 (January, 1907), pp. 487-99.

For the last four (or five) years of her life (she died in mid-career at age 43) she was on the faculty of Rockford College in Illinois. Between her undergraduate days and her final position at Rockford College, as best as I have been able to piece together, Belva Mary Herron wandered from the universities of Chicago, Wisconsin, Nebraska, and Illinois, then through Radcliffe and Wellesley Colleges, finding time for a year of study in Germany (1896-97). 

_____________________

Review by Edith Abbott in Journal of Political Economy (1905)

Labor Organization among Women. By BELVA MARY HERRON. (Studies of the University of Illinois.) Urbana: The University Press, 1905. 8vo, pp. 79.

A careful study of the progress of labor organization among women is a most welcome contribution to our knowledge of one of the most important phases of women’s work. Miss Herron makes no attempt in this monograph to discuss trade-unionism by and large in either its theoretical or practical aspects, but confines herself closely to a statement of the facts regarding the organizations in which women are found in the largest numbers, and a discussion of the effectiveness or lack of effectiveness of women as unionists.

After an investigation of the status of women in fourteen of the principal labor organizations affiliated with the American Federation of Labor, two questions should perhaps be raised: (i) Is there any evidence to show that women are to be considered a factor in the trade-union movement in this country today? (2) How do women differ from men as trade-unionists? A third question, as to the reasons why women should belong to unions, also suggests itself, but appears on second thought to be superfluous, for there is no special women’s problem here. There are the same advantages in organization for women as for men.

With regard to the first question, it is clear that woman’s rôle in trade-unionism is a very slight one. Though admitted into almost all the unions on the same footing as men, they have little or no influence on the organizations. Occasionally they serve as delegates to conventions, but the number of such delegates is very far from being in proportion to the number of women members. In short, it seems fair to say that women are not to be considered a factor in present-day unionism.

With regard to the differences between women and men as members of labor organizations, Miss Herron’s own statement should be quoted:

[Women] are not as well organized as men—a smaller percentage is in the union than is in the trade. Nearly all officials testify that it is harder  to organize women than men; a number say that when they once do understand union principles and become interested in the movement, they are  excellent workers; there is a unanimous opinion that there are always some capable working-women and active unionists whose good sense and enthusiasm are of great advantage to the organization. (P. 66.)

In summarizing the conditions unfavorable to women’s effectiveness in trade unions, Miss Herron regards as temporary the draw- backs which come from the “several trades ” — the low degree of  vitality and intelligence which result from miserable wages and bad sanitation; but she points out that there are other and permanent difficulties in the way — that women are the unskilled workers, and lack of vital interest in the trade; that many of them are young and do not take their industrial situation seriously; that they have more home interests; that most of them expect to marry, and regard their work as only a temporary employment, which results “in an unwillingness to sacrifice any present for a future good, as is often necessary in the union, or to give time and energy to build up an organization with which they will be identified but a few years.”

Those who have faith that there are large possibilities for women in industry, when the conventional ideas regarding women’s work shall have been readjusted, will not be inclined to regard these difficulties as “permanent” in any true sense. It may be suggested here that the largest field of usefulness for such organizations as the Women’s Trade Union League lies in attempting to remove these very difficulties. There is no ineradicable reason why women should not be given proper industrial training, and there is abundant testimony to show that they become very efficient workers with such training. Miss Herron points out that women are in industrial life to stay, and if that is true, we must help them to stay self-respectingly — as skilled laborers with a decent wage and an honest, workmanlike attitude toward their work.

On the whole, the monograph is one for which those who are interested in working-women should be grateful. It not only contains interesting and valuable information regarding women as unionists, but it also throws some much-needed light on the difference between women’s work and men’s work. In certain important industries it contains a short account of the relation of women to the earlier labor movement in the United States, a brief history of women’s trade unions in England, and sketches of organizations, like the Women’s Trade Union League, which are in sympathy with the movement for the organization of working-women.

EDITH ABBOTT.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.

Source: Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 13, No. 4 (September 1905), pp. 605-607.

_____________________

Personal Note (1899)

University of Nebraska.—Miss Belva Mary Herron has been appointed Instructor in Political Economy at the University of Nebraska. She was born in Pittsburg, Pa., September 23, 1866, received her early education in private schools in Mexico, Mo., and Jacksonville, Ill. And her college education in the University of Michigan, where she received the degree of Bachelor of Letters in 1889. She has subsequently pursued graduate studies at the Universities of Michigan, Chicago and Wisconsin. In 1898 Miss Herron was appointed Assistant Instructor in Political Economy.

Source: The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 14 (November, 1899), p. 67.

_____________________

Belva Mary Herron, UM Class of ’89-’90, Lincoln Neb.
[with portrait, 1902]

Teacher in Girls’ Academy, Jacksonville, Ill., ’91. Studied in Germany ’96-’97. Fellow U. of C. ’93-’94. Instructor in Political Economy, University of Nebraska ’98-’02.

Source: The Michiganensian, 1902, p. 285.

_____________________

News from the Class of ‘89
[1910]

Belva M. Herron, ’89, who has occupied the chair of Political Economy and Political Science at Rockford College, Rockford, Ill., for the past four years, is expert agent for the United States Department of Labor. Address, Mexico, Mo.

Source: The Michigan Alumnus, Vol. XVII (November 1910). Ann Arbor, Michigan: The Alumni Association. P. 100.

_____________________

Necrology
University of Michigan
Graduates Literary Department

[Class of] 1889. Belva Mary Herron, B.L., d. at San Antonia [sic], Texas, March 4, 1911, aged 43. Buried at Mexico, Mo.

Source: The Michigan Alumnus, Vol. XVII (May 1911). Ann Arbor, Michigan: The Alumni Association. P. 496.

_____________________

University of Illinois, Alumni Record
*BELVA MARY HERRON

B.L., 1889, Univ. of Mich.; b. Sept. 23, 1866, Pittsburg, Pa.; d. John Fish (b. 1832, ibid.) & Rose (White) Herron (b. 1836, Montgomery Co., Mo.) Prepared in Jacksonville Acad., Ill. Honorary Fellowship, Univ. of Chicago, 1893-94; Fellowship, Univ. of Ill., 1904-05; Wilby prize for best work in Grad. Sch., Radcliffe Coll., 1904. Employment by Carnegie Inst. for writing history of labor laws in Ill., 1904. Teacher in Acad., Jacksonville, Ill., 1890; Asst. Instr., Adjust Prof.  in Dept. of Econ., Univ. of Nebr., 1898-1903; Asst. in Wellesley Coll., 1903-04; Fellow in Econ., Univ. of Ill., 1904-5; Instr., do., 1905-6. Author: Progress of Labor Organization among Women. *Deceased.

Source: James Herbert Kelley, ed. The Alumni Record of the University of Illinois(Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois, 1913), p. 707.

_____________________

From Belva Mary Herron’s Last Will, May 22, 1909.

Note:  Net value of her estate ca. $18,400. Promissory notes secured by mortgages on real estate in Montgomery and Audrain counties, Missouri.

$1200 total explicitly designated for the First Christian Churches of Mexico Missouri, Lincoln Nebraska, Ann Arbor Michigan and the Christian Women’s Board of Missions of the Christian Church. $100 to the General Board of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union.

[Following sums designated for specific individuals…] “The remainder of my estate (worth at the present time between $12000 and $13000) I will and bequeath to the Board of Home Missions of the Christian (Disciples) Church to be used preferably in building a church as settlement house some where in the middle west which might bear my mother’s name, Rose Herron Chapel.”

Source: Ancestry.com database on-line. Missouri. Probate Court (Audrain County); Probate Place: Audrain, Missouri.

Image Source: The Michiganensian, 1902, p. 285.

 

Categories
Funny Business Gender Radcliffe

Radcliffe. Fake economics professor in the college yearbook, 1963

 

This post adds to our collection of artifacts filed under “Funny Business”. It is the first example of undergraduate economics humor to have found its way to Economics in the Rear-view Mirror. Somebody inserted a totally fake professor into the part of the yearbook that provided pictures and biographical sketches of distinguished faculty who had taught the 1963 graduating cohort of Radcliffe women.

The fact that I found the artifact in the Radcliffe yearbook of 1963 (p. 92) led me to assume initially that its author was herself a Radcliffe student. Upon examining the credits pages in the yearbook, I noticed that the Radcliffe yearbook apparently was a joint endeavor of Radcliffe women and Harvard men. Now I am not sure if we can ever classify this fake faculty entry genderwise. 

The text itself reveals the author(s) knew something about American economic history (the name of the professorship is a play on the 1830 Webster-Hayne Senate debate on protectionist tariffs), the history of economics (Heinrich Schwabe’s 1843 “solar cycle”), and economic policy (the 1954-55 Dixon-Yates controversy). I think we can reasonably conclude that an economics concentrator was involved.

To someone like myself who has transcribed many an economics skit and doggerel, the lame sex joke (game theory applied to promiscuous rabbits) does seem more like a guy-thing than a gal-thing, conditional on having been published in 1963. Perhaps someone out there has a Radcliffe mother/grandmother/aunt (A.B. ca. 1963) who could positively identify EconAnon for us.

P.S. From the yearbook I was only able to identify three graduates of the Radcliffe class of 1963 who were economics concentrators. One of them, Joanne Elizabeth Clifford, listed “yearbook publications” among her activities. According to the July 5, 1973 New York Times, she married Douglas Field Eaton a fellow graduate of Harvard Law School. She was associated with the New York law firm of Debevoise, Plimpton, Lyons & Gates at the time. Maybe Ms. Clifford Eaton could provide a lead, at least she may be presumed to have recognized the joke at the time.

______________________

Sigfried [sic] von Schmidt, the sixty-seven year old Webster A. Hayne Professor of Economics and Moral Philosophy, came to Harvard in 1932 after taking his Ph.D. in economics at the University of Alabama. His Ph.D. thesis, entitled “The Peace Corps and Social Change in Haiti During the Administration of William Henry Harrison,” was later expanded into a fourteen volume work. It is considered the definitive work in its field. Professor von Schmidt teaches Economics 208, “Correlation of Solar Phenomena and Business Cycles,” affectionately known to students as “sun spots and bread lines”.

Professor von Schmidt has varied interests in the field of economics. He is the originator of the marginal income product and was the first person to apply the residual feed-flow back mechanism to the balance of payments. His national stability curve was accepted as an important policy making tool in the autumn of 1929 by the Council of Economic Advisors. He has since expanded the scope of this original work and will soon publish Birth Control and the National Stability Curve.

Professor von Schmidt is also actively engaged in consulting work with a number of quasi-governmental organizations such as the Dixon Yates Power Co. He is also well known for his 1960 Godkin Lecture on “The application of a game theory approach to the problem of promiscuity among rabbits.”

Source: The Radcliffe Yearbook (May, 1963), p. 92.

 

Categories
Gender Harvard Radcliffe

Radcliffe. Economics Course Offerings, 1920-1925

 

 

The following lists of courses available to Radcliffe women for the academic years running from 1920/21 through 1924/25 differ from earlier postings at Economics in the Rear-view Mirror in two respects: (i) I did not find course enrollment numbers in the annual Radcliffe presidential reports for these years, and (ii) I list both the courses offered to the Radcliffe women together with those graduate economics courses that “competent students in Radcliffe College” were allowed to attend. There is a self-own in these double daggers (‡), because one might just conclude that some incompetent (ahem, male) Harvard students had been allowed to attend the courses. Not all Harvard economics graduate courses were open to Radcliffe students.

The annual Radcliffe course catalogues have been corrected according to information provided in the Report of the President of Radcliffe College. Those courses listed in the catalogue that were not offered in a given year without being officially announced as [“bracketed”] have been crossed out below. There were actually very few such corrections needed.

___________________

Here are seven previous installments in the series “Economics course offerings at Radcliffe College”:

Pre-Radcliffe economics course offerings and Radcliffe courses for 1893-94,  1894-1900, 1900-1905, 1905-1910, 1910-1915, 1915-20.

__________________

The courses marked with a double dagger (‡) are Graduate courses in Harvard University which are open to competent students in Radcliffe College. No student will be admitted to any one of these courses unless she can satisfy the instructor that she is entirely qualified to do the work of the course.

__________________

1920-21
ECONOMICS

Primarily for Undergraduates

Economics A. Principles of Economics

Tu., Th., Sat., at 9. Asst. Professor Burbank.

Course A cannot be taken by Freshmen without the consent of the instructor.

 

For Undergraduates and Graduates

The Courses for Undergraduates and Graduates, unless otherwise stated, are open only to students who have passed in Course A. Economics 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b may be taken, with the consent of the instructor, by students who take Course A at the same time. Economics 8 is open to Juniors and Seniors of good standing who are taking Course A. Other courses in the group can be taken at the same time with Economics A only by special vote of the Department.

 

Economics 1a 1hf. Accounting

Half-course (first half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 2.30. Mr. Shaulis.

 

Economics 1b 2hf. Statistics

Half-course (second half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 9. Asst. Professor J. S. Davis.

Laboratory work I the solution of problems and preparation of charts and diagrams will be required.

 

Economics 2a 1hf. European Industry and Commerce in the Nineteenth Century

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 10. Dr. E. E. Lincoln.

 

Economics 2b 2hf. Economic History of the United States

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 10. Dr. E. E. Lincoln.

 

Economics 6a 1hf. Trade-Unionism and Allied Problems

Half-course (first half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 10. Mr. ____.

 

Economics 8. Principles of Sociology

Tu., Th., Sat., at 10. Professor Carver.

 

Economics 10 1hf. Economic Thought and Institutions

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., (and at the pleasure of the instructor) Th., at 2.30. Dr. A. E. Monroe.

 

Primarily for Graduates

ECONOMIC THEORY AND METHOD

‡Economics 11. Economic Theory

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 2.30. Professor Taussig.

 

‡Economics 14. History and Literature of Economics to the year 1848

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 11. Professor Bullock.

 

APPLIED ECONOMICS

‡Economics 31. Public Finance

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 10. Professor Bullock.

 

‡Economics 32 2hf. Economics of Agriculture

With special reference to American conditions. Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., Sat., at 12. Professor Carver.

 

‡Economics 33 1hf. International Trade and Tariff Problems

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., at 2.30. Professor Taussig.

 

‡Economics 34. Problems of Labor

Tu., Th., at 1.30. Professor Ripley.

 

‡Economics 35a 1hf. Business Corporations

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., Sat., at 10. Asst. Professor J. S. Davis.

 

‡Economics 35b 2hf. Business Combinations

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., Sat., at 10. Asst. Professor J. S. Davis.

 

STATISTICS

‡Economics 41. Statistical Theory and Analysis

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 9. Professor Day.

 

‡Economics 42a 1hf. Statistical Tabulation

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 1.30. Professor Day.

 

‡Economics 42b 2hf. Statistical Graphics

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 1.30. Professor Day.

 

Course of Research in Economics for Graduates

Graduate students pursuing research may register in the following course, which has the same status as any of the other graduate courses in Economics. Such research will be under the direction of members of the Department, and may lie within any of the fields recognized as appropriate for candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy:—

 

‡Economics 20. Economic Research

Professors Taussig, Carver, Ripley, Bullock, Young, Persons, Day, Sprague, and Cole.

Source: Catalogue of Radcliffe College, 1920-1921, pp. 56-58  with corrections from Report of the President of Radcliffe College, 1920-1921, p. 23.

__________________

1921-22
ECONOMICS

Primarily for Undergraduates

Economics A. Principles of Economics

Tu., Th., Sat., at 9. Professor Day and Mr. Meriam.

Course A cannot be taken by Freshmen without the consent of the instructor.

 

For Undergraduates and Graduates

The Courses for Undergraduates and Graduates, unless otherwise stated, are open only to students who have passed in Course A. Economics 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b may be taken, with the consent of the instructor, by students who take Course A at the same time. Economics 8 is open to Juniors and Seniors of good standing who are taking Course A. Other courses in the group can be taken at the same time with Economics A only by special vote of the Department.

 

Economics 1a 1hf. Statistics

Half-course (first half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 1.30. Mr. Berridge.

 

Economics 1b 2hf. Accounting

Half-course (second half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 2.30. Professor Cole.

 

Economics 2a 1hf. European Industry and Commerce in the Nineteenth Century

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 10.Dr. Lincoln.
Omitted in 1921-22.

 

Economics 2b 2hf. Economic History of the United States

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 10. Dr. Lincoln.
Omitted in 1921-22.

 

Economics 6. Labor Problems

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 9. Mr. Meriam.

 

Economics 8. Principles of Sociology

Tu., Th., Sat., at 10. Professor Carver.

 

Economics 10 1hf. Economic Thought and Institutions

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., (and at the pleasure of the instructor) Th., at 2.30. Dr. A. E. Monroe.
Course 10 is open to undergraduates who have passed in Economics A and are concentrating in the Division of History, Government, and Economics; and to others with the consent of the instructor.

 

Primarily for Graduates

ECONOMIC THEORY AND METHOD

‡Economics 11. Economic Theory

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 2.30. Professors Taussig and Young.

 

‡Economics 14. History and Literature of Economics to the year 1848

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 11. Professor Bullock.

 

APPLIED ECONOMICS

‡Economics 31. Public Finance

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 10. Professor Bullock.

 

‡Economics 32 2hf. Economics of Agriculture

With special reference to American conditions. Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., Sat., at 12. Professor Carver.

 

‡Economics 34. Problems of Labor

Tu., Th., at 1.30, or by arrangement. Professor Ripley.

 

‡Economics 35a 1hf. Business Corporations

Half-course ( first half-year). Tu., Th., Sat., at 10. Asst. Professor J. S. Davis.

 

‡Economics 35b 2hf.Business Combinations

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., Sat., at 10. Asst. Professor J. S. Davis.

 

STATISTICS

‡Economics 41. Statistical Theory and Analysis

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 9. Professor Day.

 

‡Economics 43a 1hf.Statistical Graphics

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 3.30. Professor Day.

 

Course of Research in Economics for Graduates

Graduate students pursuing research may register in the following course, which has the same status as any of the other graduate courses in Economics. Such research will be under the direction of members of the Department, and may lie within any of the fields recognized as appropriate for candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy:—

 

‡Economics 20. Economic Research

Professors Taussig, Carver, Ripley, Bullock, Young, Persons, Day.

 

Source: Catalogue of Radcliffe College, 1921-1922, pp. 60-62 with corrections from Report of the President of Radcliffe College 1921-1922, p. 57.

__________________

1922-23
ECONOMICS

Primarily for Undergraduates

Economics A. Principles of Economics

Tu., Th., Sat., at 9. Mr. Meriam.

Course A cannot be taken by Freshmen without the consent of the instructor.

 

Economics B 1hf. Economic Thought and Institutions

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., (and at the pleasure of the instructor) Th., at 2.30. Dr. A. E. Monroe.
Given in alternate years. To be omitted in 1923-24.

Course B is open to undergraduates who have passed in Economics A and are concentrating in the Division of History, Government, and Economics; and to others with the consent of the instructor.

 

Economics C hf. Theses for Distinction

Half-course (throughout the year). Hours to be arranged. Members of the Department.

Economics C is open only to students in their last year in College who are candidates for the degree with distinction in Economics. Students wishing to enroll in the course should consult with Dr. A. E. Monroe.

 

For Undergraduates and Graduates

The Courses for Undergraduates and Graduates, unless otherwise stated, are open only to students who have passed in Course A. Economics 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b may be taken, with the consent of the instructor, by students who take Course A at the same time. Economics 8 is open to Juniors and Seniors of good standing who are taking Course A. Other courses in the group can be taken at the same time with Economics A only by special vote of the Department.

 

Economics 1a 1hf. Statistics

Half-course (first half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 1.30. Professor Day.

 

Economics 1b 2hf. Accounting

Half-course (second half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 2.30. Professor Cole.

 

Economics 2a 1hf. European Industry and Commerce in the Nineteenth Century

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 10. Dr. A. P. Usher.

 

Economics 2b 2hf. Economic History of the United States

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 10. Dr. A. P. Usher.

 

Economics 6. Labor Problems

Mon., Wed.,and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 9. Dr. Meriam.

 

Economics 7b 2hf. Programs of Social Reconstruction

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., Sat., at 9. Professor Carver.

 

Economics 8. Principles of Sociology

Tu., Th., Sat., at 10. Professor Carver.

 

Primarily for Graduates

Except by special vote of the Department the courses for graduates are open to those undergraduates only who are in their last year of work and are candidates for the degree with distinction in the Division of History, Government, and Economics; but students of good standing may, in their last year of study, be admitted to Course 32, if they can show that they have special need of the subject.

 

ECONOMIC THEORY AND METHOD

‡Economics 11. Economic Theory

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 2.30. Professor Taussig.

 

‡Economics 14. History and Literature of Economics to the year 1848

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 11. Professor Bullock.

 

‡Economics 15. Modern Schools of Economic Thought

Mon., Wed., at 3.30, and a third hour at the pleasure of the instructor. Professor Young.

 

APPLIED ECONOMICS

‡Economics 31. Public Finance

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 10. Professor Bullock.

 

‡Economics 32 2hf. Economics of Agriculture

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., Sat., at 12. Professor Carver.

 

‡Economics 33 1hf. International Trade and Tariff Problems

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., at 2.30. Professor Taussig.

 

‡Economics 34. Problems of Labor

Tu., Th., at 1.30, or by arrangement. Professor Ripley.

 

STATISTICS

‡Economics 41. Statistical Theory and Analysis

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 9. Professors Day and Young.

 

Course of Research in Economics for Graduates

Graduate students pursuing research may register in the following course, which has the same status as any of the other graduate courses in Economics. Such research will be under the direction of members of the Department, and may lie within any of the fields recognized as appropriate for candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy:—

 

‡Economics 20. Economic Research

Professors Taussig, Carver, Ripley, Bullock, Young, Persons, and Day.

 

Source: Catalogue of Radcliffe College, 1922-1923, pp. 60-62 with corrections from Report of the President of Radcliffe College, 1922-1923, pp. 89-90.

__________________

1923-24
ECONOMICS

Primarily for Undergraduates

Economics A. Principles of Economics

Tu., Th., Sat., at 10. Mr. Remer.

Course A cannot be taken by Freshmen without the consent of the instructor.

 

[Economics B 1hf. Economic Thought and Institutions]

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., (and at the pleasure of the instructor) Th., at 2. Dr. A. E. Monroe.
Given in alternate years. Omitted in 1923-24.

Course B is open to undergraduates who have passed in Economics A and are concentrating in the Division of History, Government, and Economics; and to others with the consent of the instructor.

 

Economics C hf. Theses for Distinction

Half-course (throughout the year). Hours to be arranged. Members of the Department.

Economics C is open only to students in their last year in College who are candidates for the degree with distinction in Economics. Students wishing to enroll in the course should consult with Dr. R. S. Meriam.

 

For Undergraduates and Graduates

The Courses for Undergraduates and Graduates, unless otherwise stated, are open only to students who have passed in Course A. Economics 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b may be taken, with the consent of the instructor, by students who take Course A at the same time. Economics 8 is open to Juniors and Seniors of good standing who are taking Course A. Other courses in the group can be taken at the same time with Economics A only by special vote of the Department.

Economics 1a 1hf. Statistics

Half-course (first half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 2. Mr. Blackett.

 

Economics 1b 1hf. Accounting

Half-course (second half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 2. Mr. A. W. Hanson.

 

Economics 2a 1hf. European Industry and Commerce in the Nineteenth Century

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 10.Asst. Professor Usher.

 

Economics 2b 2hf. Economic History of the United States

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 10. Asst. Professor Usher.

 

Economics 3 1hf. Money, Banking, and Commercial Crises

Assistant Professor Williams.

 

Economics 4b 2hf. Economics of Corporations

Mr. A. V. Woodworth.

 

Economics 6. Labor Problems

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 12. Dr. Meriam.

 

Economics 7b 2hf. Programs of Social Reconstruction

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., Sat., at 9. Professor Carver.

 

Economics 8. Principles of Sociology

Tu., Th., Sat., at 10. Professor Carver.

 

 

Primarily for Graduates

Except by special vote of the Department the courses for graduates are open to those undergraduates only who are in their last year of work and are candidates for the degree with distinction in the Division of History, Government, and Economics; but students of good standing may, in their last year of study, be admitted to Course 32, if they can show that they have special need of the subject.

 

ECONOMIC THEORY AND METHOD

‡Economics 11. Economic Theory

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 3. Professor Taussig.

 

‡Economics 12a 1hf.Problems in Sociology and Social Reform

Half-course (first half-year). Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 10. Professor Carver.

 

‡Economics 14. History and Literature of Economics to the year 1848

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 11. Professor Bullock.

 

‡Economics 15 1hf.Modern Schools of Economic Thought

Half-course (first half-year) Tu., Th., at 10, and a third hour at the pleasure of the instructor. Professor Young.

 

APPLIED ECONOMICS

‡Economics 31. Public Finance

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 10. Professor Bullock.

 

‡Economics 32 2hf.Economics of Agriculture

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., and( at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 12. Professor Carver.

 

[‡Economics 33 1hf.International Trade and Tariff Problems]

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., at 2.30. Professor Taussig.
Omitted in 1923-24.

 

‡Economics 34. Problems of Labor

Full course (first half-year) Tu., Th., 2-4, or by arrangement. Professor Ripley.

 

‡Economics 37 1hf.Commercial Crises

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., at 9, or by arrangement. Professor Persons.

 

‡Economics 38. The Principles of Money and Banking

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Friday at 4. Professor Young.

 

STATISTICS 

‡Economics 41. Statistical Theory and Analysis

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 9. Asst. Professor Crum.

 

Course of Research in Economics for Graduates

Graduate students pursuing research may register in the following course, which has the same status as any of the other graduate courses in Economics. Such research will be under the direction of members of the Department, and may lie within any of the fields recognized as appropriate for candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy:—

 

‡Economics 20. Economic Research

Professors Taussig, Carver, Ripley, Bullock, Young, and Persons.

 

Source: Catalogue of Radcliffe College, 1923-1924, pp. 62-65 with corrections from Report of the President of Radcliffe College, 1923-1924, p. 34.

__________________

1924-25
ECONOMICS

Primarily for Undergraduates

Economics A. Principles of Economics

Tu., Th., Sat., at 9. Mr. Bober.

Course A cannot be taken by Freshmen without the consent of the instructor.

 

Economics B 1hf. Economic Thought and Institutions

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., (and at the pleasure of the instructor) Th., at 2. Asst. Professor A. E. Monroe.
Given in alternate years.

Course B is open to undergraduates who have passed in Economics A and are concentrating in the Division of History, Government, and Economics; and to others with the consent of the instructor.

 

Economics C hf. Theses for Distinction

Half-course (throughout the year). Hours to be arranged. Members of the Department.

Economics C is open only to students in their last year in College who are candidates for the degree with distinction in Economics. Students wishing to enroll in the course should consult with Asst. Professor R. S. Meriam.

 

For Undergraduates and Graduates

The Courses for Undergraduates and Graduates, unless otherwise stated, are open only to students who have passed in Course A. Economics 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b may be taken, with the consent of the instructor, by students who take Course A at the same time. Economics 8 is open to Juniors and Seniors of good standing who are taking Course A. Other courses in the group can be taken at the same time with Economics A only by special vote of the Department.

 

Economics 1a 1hf. Statistics

Half-course (first half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 2. Mr. D. W. Gilbert.

 

Economics 1b 1hf. Accounting

Half-course (second half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 2. Professor W. M. Cole.

 

Economics 2a 1hf. European Industry and Commerce since 1750

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 10.Asst. Professor Usher.

 

Economics 2b 2hf. Economic History of the United States

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 10. Asst. Professor Usher.

 

Economics 3 1hf. Money, Banking, and Commercial Crises

Half-course (first half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 11. Assistant Professor Williams.

 

Economics 4b 2hf. Economics of Corporations

Half-course (second half-year). Mon., Wed., Fri., at 11. Dr. Woodworth.

 

Economics 6. Labor Problems

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 12. Asst. Professor Meriam.

 

Economics 7b 2hf. Programs of Social Reconstruction

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 9. Professor Carver.

 

Economics 8. Principles of Sociology

Tu., Th., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 10. Professor Carver.

 

Primarily for Graduates

Except by special vote of the Department the courses for graduates are open to those undergraduates only who are in their last year of work and are candidates for the degree with distinction in the Division of History, Government, and Economics; but students of good standing may, in their last year of study, be admitted to Course 32, if they can show that they have special need of the subject.

 

ECONOMIC THEORY AND METHOD

 

‡Economics 11. Economic Theory

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 2. Professor Taussig.

 

‡Economics 12a 1hf.Problems in Sociology and Social Reform

Half-course (first half-year). Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 10. Professor Carver.

 

‡Economics 14. History and Literature of Economics to the year 1848

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 11. Professor Bullock.

 

‡Economics 15 1hf.Modern Schools of Economic Thought

Half-course (first half-year) Tu., Th., at 10, and a third hour at the pleasure of the instructor. Professor Young.

 

ECONOMIC HISTORY

‡Economics 23. European and American Economic History

Wed., Fri., at 3, and a third hour at the pleasure of the instructor. Asst. Professor Usher.
With the consent of the instructor Course 23 may be taken as a half-course in either half-year.

 

‡Economics 24. Topics in Modern Economic History

Two consecutive evening hours a week, to be arranged. Professor Gay.

 

APPLIED ECONOMICS

‡Economics 31. Public Finance

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., at 10. Professor Bullock.

 

‡Economics 32 2hf.Economics of Agriculture

Half-course (second half-year). Tu., Th., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 12. Professor Carver.

 

‡Economics 33 1hf.International Trade and Tariff Problems

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., at 2. Professor Taussig.

 

‡Economics 34. Problems of Labor

Tu., Th., 2-4, and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Sat., at 2. Professor Ripley.

 

‡Economics 37 1hf.Commercial Crises

Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., at 9, or by arrangement. Professor Persons.

 

‡Economics 38. The Principles of Money and Banking

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 4. Professor Young.

 

‡Economics 39 2hf.International Finance

Half-course (second half-year) Tu., Th., at 3. Asst. Professor Williams.

 

STATISTICS

‡Economics 41 2hf.Statistical Theory and Analysis

Half-course (second half-year) Mon., Wed., Fri., at 9. Asst. Professor Crum.

 

Course of Research in Economics for Graduates

Graduate students pursuing research may register in the following course, which has the same status as any of the other graduate courses in Economics. Such research will be under the direction of members of the Department, and may lie within any of the fields recognized as appropriate for candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy:—

 

‡Economics 20. Economic Research

Professors Taussig, Carver, Ripley, Bullock, Young, and Persons.

 

Source: Catalogue of Radcliffe College, 1924-1925, pp. 66-68  with corrections from Report of the President of Radcliffe College 1924-1925, p. 27.

Image Source: From the cover of the Radcliffe Book of the Class of 1916.

Categories
Economists Gender Harvard Radcliffe Vassar

Harvard/Radcliffe. Economics Ph.D. alumna, Ethelwynn Rice Beckwith, 1925

 

Economics in the Rear-view Mirror is conceived as a long-term project. I am seeking artifacts and information about the curriculum that has shaped young economists as well as the about the “products” of the curriculum, i.e. the undergraduate economics majors and Ph.D. graduates.

Yesterday I randomly went into the annual report of the President of Radcliffe College to begin to follow another career of a woman Ph.D. in economics. And so the post for today was born. Who was Ethelwynn Rice Beckwith, Radcliffe Ph.D. 1925?

The first item below is  all that is easy to know about her biography and career. From that point it takes some digging into genealogical archives (www.ancestry.com) and luck. Her vital dates: b. January 7, 1870 in Hartford, Connecticut; d. August 31, 1955 in Manitawoc, Wisconsin. She was married right out of college to William Erastus Beckwith [b. October 17, 1870 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts; d. June 26, 1904 in Wailuku, Hawaii] on July 2, 1900 in Lorain County Ohio. The couple moved to Hawaii where William was a “clerk at Custom House” at least as early as 1898. In 1905 she was living alone as a teacher at the Emma Willard School in Troy, N.Y. In the U.S. Census of 1910 she was recorded as a widow, living in Cleveland, Ohio as a boarder (April 16, 1910). To make things more complicated I have found a ship manifest that indicates Ethelwynn Beckwith was a cabin passenger, designated as “married”, on a ship from Yokohama (!) that arrived in Honolulu September 16, 1910 (with her ultimate destination given as San Francisco). We can go on to follow the young woman mathematician moving from Bryn Mawr to Western Reserve University to Göttingen in Germany and to Vassar before going for her graduate work at Radcliffe. From mathematics to economics, but then back to mathematics and astronomy at the Milwaukee women’s Downer College. 

So why didn’t Ethelwynn do mathematics at Radcliffe? I’ll leave that to a historian of U.S. mathematics. Feel free to leave a comment below.

The maternal genealogy of William Erastus Beckwith (p. 80) is covered back to 1635. The best I can determine through the ancestry.com, William Erastus Beckwith was no close relation to Holmes Beckwith (Columbia Ph.D., 1913).

___________________

Radcliffe Ph.D., 1925

Ethelwynn Rice Beckwith, A.M.

Subject, Economics. Special Field, Statistics. Dissertation, “Inequalities in the Distribution of Income, their Meaning and Measurement.”

Source: Radcliffe College. Report of the President of Radcliffe College 1924-25, p. 26.

*  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *

Dissertation included in the bibliography of Arthur Lyon Bowley (ed.) Studies in the National Income, 1924-1938,  (Cambridge UK, 1942), p. 218.

___________________

C.V. through 1925

Ethelwynn R. Beckwith, A.B., M.A. Assistant Professor of Mathematics

A.B., Oberlin, 1900; [Ph.B.]
M.A., Western Reserve University, 1909;
Principal of Wauluku, Hawaiian Islands, 1902-03
Teacher of Mathematics, Emma Willard School, 1905-07 [Troy, New York]
Graduate Student, Bryn Mawr, 1907-08
Graduate Student, Western Reserve University, 1908-09
Graduate Student, University of Göttingen, 1912-13
Instructor, Western Reserve University, 1913-17; Assistant Professor, 1917-20
Acting Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Vassar, 1921-.
Member Mathematic Association of America.

Source: Vassar College Yearbook, The 1922 Vassarion, vol. 34. p. 25.

Note:  In the Poughkeepsie City Directory of 1925, Ethelwynn R. Beckwith was still listed as assistant professor at Vassar.

___________________

Downer College (Milwaukee, Wisconsin)
Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy
1925-1947

Lawrence University (Appleton, Wisconsin) Archives

Milwaukee-Downer College People Files, 1850-1964. Series 1: A-L
Folder 15: Beckwith, Ethelwynn Rice, professor of Mathematics 1925-1947.

Finding aid on line.

___________________

Died as a result of an automobile accident

From a Sheboygan Press (Wisconsin) article published Saturday, August 27, 1955.

Mrs. Ethelwynn R. Beckwith, 77, of 2827 N. Farwell Ave., Milwaukee…was reported still in critical condition this morning at Holy Family Hospital in Manitowoc.

A retired professor of mathematics and astronomy at Milwaukee-Downer College, Mrs. Beckwith was still unconscious 28 hours after the accident. She sustained a skull fracture.

Driver of the other car, Louis Leischow, 66, of Forestville, died several hours after the accident. The coroner attributed death to a crushed chest.

Killed outright in the two-car collision was Miss Elizabeth Rossberg, 67, of 2512 E. Harford Ave., Milwaukee…

…The accident occurred shortly before 9 a.m. Friday [August 26] when cars driven by Leischow and Mrs. Beckwith collided head on on Highway 141, 1 1/2 miles south of Newton.

Sheriff deputies said the crash occurred when Mrs. Beckwith’s northbound car veered across the center line into the path of an auto driven by Leischow.

Miss Rossberg, professor of German at Milwaukee-Downer since 1912 and chairman of the curricula committee of the women’s college, was a passenger in the Beckwith auto.

She and Mrs. Beckwith had left Milwaukee early Friday morning to spend a week with friends near Ellison Bay in Door County, according to officials of the college….

___________________

Image Source: Two faculty portraits of Ethelwynn Rice Beckwith from the Yearbook for Wilwaukee-Downer College, Cumtux (1930, 1931).

Categories
Courses Gender Radcliffe

Radcliffe. Economics course offerings, 1915-1920

 

Here are six previous installments in the series “Economics course offerings at Radcliffe College”:

Pre-Radcliffe economics course offerings and Radcliffe courses for 1893-94,  1894-1900 , 1900-1905 , 1905-1910 , 1910-1915.

______________________________

 

An asterisk (*) designates Graduate courses in Harvard University, to which Radcliffe students were admitted by vote of the Harvard Faculty.

Economics
1915-16

Primarily for Undergraduates:

A. Asst. Professor DAY. — Principles of Economics.

9 Se., 20 Ju., 24 So., 1 Fr., 5 Unc., 2 Sp. Total 61

 

For Undergraduates and Graduates:

2a1 hf. Professor GAY.— European Industry and Commerce in the Nineteenth Century.

2 Gr., 1 Se., 2 Ju., 1 So., 1 Unc., 2 Sp. Total 9

2b2 hf. Professor GAY.— Economic and Financial History of the United States.

3 Gr., 2 Se., 5 Ju., 1 So., 1 Unc., 1 Sp. Total 13

6a1 hf. Mr. P. G. WRIGHT.— Trade-Unionism and Allied Problems.

4 Se., 1 Ju., 1 Unc. Total 6

6b2 hf. Mr. P. G. WRIGHT.— The Labor Movement in Europe.

4 Se., 1 Ju., 1 So., 1 Unc. Total 7

7b2 hf. Asst. Professor ANDERSON.— The Single Tax, Socialism, Anarchism.

1 Ju., 2 So., 1 Sp. Total 4

8a1 hf. Professor CARVER.— Principles of Sociology.

2 Gr., 9 Se., 12 Ju., 1 So., 1 Unc., 3 Sp. Total 28

8b2 hf. Asst. Professor ANDERSON.—  Principles of Sociology.

2 Gr., 2 Se., 5 Ju., 1 Unc. Total 10

Accounting

Associate Professor COLE.— Principles of Accounting.

5 Se. Total 5

Economic Theory and Method

Primarily for Graduates:

*11 Professor TAUSSIG.— Economic Theory.

1 Gr., 1 Se. Total 2

*13. Asst. Professor DAY. — Statistics. Theory, method, and practice.

1 Se. Total 1

*14. Professor BULLOCK. — History and Literature of Economics to the Year 1848.

1 Gr. Total 1

Economic History

*23. Dr. GRAS (Clark College). — Economic History of Europe to the Middle of the Eighteenth Century.

1 Gr. Total 1

Course of Research

20a. Professor GAY. — Economic History.

1 Gr. Total 1

 

Source:  Annual Report of Radcliffe College for 1915-1916. Report of the Chairman of the Academic Board (September 1918), pp. 40-1.

______________________________

Economics
1916-1917

Primarily for Undergraduates:

1. A. Asst. Professor E. E. DAY.— Principles of Economics.

2 Gr., 7 Se., 23 Ju., 19 So., 1 Fr., 3 Unc., 2 Sp. Total 57

For Undergraduates and Graduates:

1a1 hf. Associate Professor COLE.— Accounting.

6 Se., 5 Ju., 1 Sp. Total 12

1b2 hf. Dr. J. S. DAVIS— Statistics.

3 Gr., 3 Se., 4 Ju., 1 Unc. Total 11

1c2 hf. Associate Professor COLE.— Accounting (advanced course).

2 Se., 3 Ju. Total 5

2a1 hf. Professor GAY.— European Industry and Commerce in the Nineteenth Century.

3 Gr., 7 Se., 3 Ju., 1 Unc., 1 Sp. Total 15

2b2 hf. Professor GAY.— Economic and Financial History of the United States.

3 Gr., 8 Se., 6 Ju., 1 So., 1 Unc., 1 Sp. Total 20.

5. Dr. BURBANK, with lectures on selected topics by Professor BULLOCK.— Public Finance, including the Theory and Methods of Taxation.

5 Se., 3 Ju. Total 8

6a1 hf. Mr. P. G. WRIGHT.— Trade Unionism and Allied Problems.

3 Se., 2 Ju., 3 Unc. Total 8

6b2 hf. Mr. P. G. WRIGHT.— The Labor Movement in Europe.

1 Se., 2 Ju. Total 3

7. Asst. Professor ANDERSON.— Economic Theory.

3 Gr., 1 Se., 1 Ju. Total 5

8. Professor CARVER.— Principles of Sociology.

1 Gr., 4 Se., 10 Ju., 1 Unc. Total 16

Economic Theory and Method

Primarily for Graduates:

*11. Asst. Professor DAY.— Economic Theory.

1 Gr. Total 1

*121 hf. Professor CARVER.— The Distribution of Wealth.

2 Gr. Total 2

Applied Economics

*34. Professor RIPLEY.— Problems of Labor.

2 Gr., 2 Se. Total 4

Course of Research

20d. Professor GAY. — Economic History.

1 Gr. Total 1

 

Source:  Annual Report of Radcliffe College for 1916-1917. Report of the Chairman of the Academic Board (September 1918), pp. 91-2.

 

______________________________

Economics
1917-1918

Primarily for Undergraduates:

1. A. Asst. Professor E. E. DAY. — Principles of Economics.

1 Gr., 8 Se., 16 Ju., 29 So., 1 Fr., 7 Unc. Total 62

For Undergraduates and Graduates:

1a1 hf. Associate Professor COLE.— Accounting.

12 Se., 3 Ju., 3 So., 1 Unc. Total 19

1b2 hf. Asst. Professor E. E. DAY.— Statistics.

2 Gr., 5 Se., 3 Ju., 1 Unc. Total 11

1c2 hf. Associate Professor COLE.— Accounting (Advanced Course).

5 Se., 1 Ju., 3 So., 1 Unc. Total 10

2a1 hf. Professor GAY.— European Industry and Commerce in the Nineteenth Century.

6 Gr., 6 Se., 1 Ju., 1 So., 2 Unc. Total 16

2b2 hf. Asst. Professor GRAS (Clark University).—Economic History of the United States.

2 Gr., 4 Se., 1 Ju. Total 7

32 hf. Dr. LINCOLN.— Money, Banking, and Allied Problems.

3 Gr., 7 Se., 4 Ju., 1 So. Total 15

5. Dr. BURBANK, with lectures on selected topics by Professor BULLOCK.— Public Finance, including the Theory and Methods of Taxation.

1 Gr., 4 Se. Total 5

6a1 hf. Dr. LINCOLN.— Labor Problems.

2 Se., 1 Ju., 1 So. Total 4

7. Asst. Professor ANDERSON.— Theories of Social Reform.

4 Se., 1 Ju., 1 So., 1 Unc. Total 7

8. Professor CARVER.—Principles of Sociology.

2 Se., 5 Ju., 5 Unc. Total 12

Primarily for Graduates:

Accounting

Associate Professor COLE.— Accounting Problems.

1 Gr., 3 Se. Total 4

Economic Theory and Method

*11. Professors CARVER and BULLOCK.— Economic Theory.

1 Gr. Total 1

Economic History

*241 hf. Professor GAY. — Topics in the Economic History of the Nineteenth Century.

1 Se. Total 1

Applied Economics

*322 hf. Professor CARVER. — Economics of Agriculture.

1 Gr., 3 Se. Total 4

*34. Professor RIPLEY. —Problems of Labor.

1 Gr., 1 Se. Total 2

Course of Research

20d. Professor GAY and Asst. Professor GRAS (Clark University). — Economic History.

1 Gr. Total 1

 

Source:  Annual Report of Radcliffe College for 1917-1918. Report of the Chairman of the Academic Board (January 1919), pp. 44-45.

______________________________

Economics
1918-1919

Primarily for Undergraduates:

1. A. Dr. BURBANK. — Principles of Economics.

11 Se., 30 Ju., 16 So., 1 Fr., 13 Unc. Total 71

 

For Undergraduates and Graduates:

1a1 hf. Professor COLE. — Accounting.

1 Gr., 6 Se., 6 Ju., 3 So. Total 16

1c2 hf. Professor COLE. — Accounting (advanced course).

1 Gr., 2 Se., 4 Ju., 2 So. Total 9

2a1 hf. Dr. E. E. LINCOLN. — European Industry and Commerce in the Nineteenth Century.

1 Gr., 7 Se., 3 Ju., 1 So., 2 Unc. Total 14

2b2 hf. Dr. E. E. LINCOLN. — Economic History of the United States.

8 Se., 1 Ju., 1 So., 2 Unc. Total 12

32 hf. Dr. E. E. LINCOLN. — Money, Banking, and Allied Problems.

1 Se., 4 Ju. Total 5

5. Dr. BURBANK, with lectures on selected topics by Professor BULLOCK. — Public Finance, including the Theory and Methods of Taxation.

3 Se. Total 3

6a1 hf. Dr. E. E. LINCOLN. — Trade-Unionism and Allied Problems.

5 Se., 3 Ju., 1 So. Total 9

7a. Professor BULLOCK. — Economic Theory.

9 Se., 3 Ju., 1 Unc. Total 13

8. Professor CARVER. —Principles of Sociology.

5 Se., 6 Ju., 1 So. Total 12

 

Primarily for Graduates:

Accounting

Professor COLE. — Accounting Problems.

1 Gr., 1 Se., 3 Ju., 1 So. Total 6

 

Economic Theory and Method

*13. Dr. PERSONS. — Statistics. Theory, Method, and Practice.

1 Gr., 1 Se., 1 Ju. Total 3

Applied Economics

*34. Professor RIPLEY. —Problems of Labor.

2 Se. Total 2

 

Source:  Annual Report of Radcliffe College for 1918-1919. Report of the Chairman of the Academic Board (January 1920), pp. 41-42.

______________________________

Economics
1919-1920

Primarily for Undergraduates:

1. A. Asst. Professor DAY. — Principles of Economics.

9 Se., 24 Ju., 23 So., 1 Fr., 6 Unc., 2 Sp. Total 65

For Undergraduates and Graduates:

1a1 hf. Professor COLE.— Accounting.

2 Gr., 10 Se., 3 Ju., 2 So., 1 Unc., 1 Sp. Total 19

1b2 hf. Asst. Professor J. S. DAVIS.— Statistics.

9 Se., 6 Ju., 2 So., 2 Unc. Total 19

1c2 hf. Professor COLE.— Accounting (advanced course).

1 Gr., 6 Se., 1 Ju., 2 So., 1 Sp. Total 11

2a1 hf. Dr. E. E. LINCOLN.— European Industry and Commerce in the Nineteenth Century.

2 Se., 1 Ju., 2 Unc. Total 5

2b2 hf. Dr. E. E. LINCOLN.— Economic History of the United States.

1 Gr., 6 Se., 2 Ju., 1 Unc. Total 10

32 hf. Dr. E. E. LINCOLN.— Money, Banking, and Allied Problems.

4 Se., 2 Ju., 2 Unc. Total 8

4b1 hf. Asst. Professor DAVIS. — Economics of Corporations.

1 Gr., 6 Se., 1 Ju. Total 8

5. Asst. Professor BURBANK. — Public Finance, including the Theory and Methods of Taxation.

10 Se., 1 Ju. Total 11

6a1 hf. Dr. E. E. LINCOLN. — Trade-Unionism and Allied Problems.

1 Gr., 1 Se., 3 Ju., 1 Unc. Total 6

8. Professor CARVER. —Principles of Sociology.

2 Gr., 3 Se., 6 Ju., 1 So., 1 Unc. Total 13

Economic Theory and Method

Primarily for Graduates:

*11. Professor TAUSSIG. — Economic Theory.

2 Gr., 3 Se. Total 5

*121 hf. Professor CARVER. — The Distribution of Wealth.

1 Gr., 2 Se. Total 3

*14. Professor BULLOCK. — History and Literature of Economics to the year 1848.

2 Gr. Total 2

Applied Economics

*322 hf. Professor CARVER. — Economics of Agriculture.

1 Se. Total 1

*332 hf. Professor TAUSSIG. — International Trade and Tariff Problems.

1 Gr., 1 Se. Total 2

*341. Professor RIPLEY. — Problems of Labor.

3 Gr., 4 Se., 1 Ju. Total 8

Statistics

*41. Asst. Professor DAY. — Statistics: Theory and Analysis.

2 Gr. Total.2

*42. Asst. Professor DAY. — Statistics: Organization and Practice.

2 Gr. Total 2

Course of Research in Economics

*20. Professor CARVER.

1 Se. Total 1

 

Source:  Annual Report of Radcliffe College for 1919-1920. Report of the Chairman of the Academic Board (January 1921), pp. 41-42.

Image Source:  Barnard and Briggs Halls, Radcliffe College, ca. 1930-1945. Boston Public Library: The Tichnor Brothers Collection.

 

 

Categories
Economists Gender Harvard Radcliffe

Harvard/Radcliffe Economics Alumna, Rita Ricardo Campbell, 1946.

 

In the last post we met the 1948 Harvard economics Ph.D. alumnus, W. Glenn Campbell. Now it is time to meet his wife and fellow economist, Rita Ricardo (Radcliffe economics Ph.D., 1946). 

I have stumbled upon statements claiming that Rita was a direct descendent of David Ricardo, but they are incorrect. As she herself correctly wrote in the following letter to the White House (she was actively seeking to follow Martin Feldstein as Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under Ronald Reagan), she was a “collateral descendant” of that great classical economist, David Ricardo.

For exercise I climbed the Ricardo family tree to establish the degrees of separation between Rita and David, with whom she was indeed distantly related. She was clearly proud enough to flaunt her Ricardian pedigree professionally. My executive summary of the genealogical bottom line: Rita’s great-great grandfather was a third cousin of David Ricardo, and you can count the links yourself below. The main source used is the Lewis Family Tree Project at ancestry.com.

_______________

From a letter by Rita Ricardo-Campbell
to Michael K. Deaver,
Deputy Chief of Staff, White House.
November 21, 1984

“As a collateral descendant of the famous British economist David Ricardo, (that incidentally qualifies me as an Hispanic under the law!) I note that the well known Ricardian theory of the debt supports the President’s economic policy which I fully endorse.”

Source:  Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

_______________

Radcliffe Ph.D. Thesis

Doctor of Philosophy
Degree awarded October 1946

Rita Ricardo Campbell, A.M.

Subject, Economics. Special Field, Labor Problems.
Dissertation, “Annual Wage and Employment Guarantee Plans”

Source:  Reports of Officers Issue, 1946-47 Sessions. Official Register of Radcliffe College Vol. XIII, No. 6 (December, 1947), p. 21.

_______________

Hoover Institution Obituary

Rita Ricardo-Campbell
1920-2016

The Hoover Institution announced today that renowned economist and senior fellow Rita Ricardo-Campbell died on March 7, 2016, at the age of ninety-five.

“Rita Ricardo-Campbell will be remembered for her meaningful contribution to health care and Social Security research.  While the loss is great, it is heartening that her legacy will live on through the Hoover Institution’s Glenn Campbell and Rita Ricardo Campbell National Fellows program,” stated Tom Gilligan, Director, Hoover Institution.

Ricardo-Campbell’s depth of experience extended to both the private and public sectors. She served as a director of the Gillette Company, the Watkins Johnson Company, and the Samaritan Medical Management Group. On the public side, she was a member of the President’s Economic Policy Advisory Board (1981-1989), a member of the National Endowment for the Humanities (1982-1988), a member of the President’s Committee on the National Medal of Science (1981 and 1991), and a member of the Advisory Council on Social Security (1974-1975).  She held teaching posts at Harvard and Tufts Universities before becoming an economist on the Wage Stabilization Board in Washington, DC, and subsequently as an economist for the House Ways and Means Committee.

“The impact of Rita’s work is well understood.  But what people don’t know is that Rita was a true pioneer, ahead of her time,” said Ed Lazear, Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution.  “She was the first female professor of economics at Harvard and throughout the years had significant influence on political leaders, all while raising her beautiful family.  She was an inspiration and will be missed by many.”

Ricardo-Campbell was a prominent writer, authoring a number of reputable books:  Social Security: Promise and Reality; The Economics and Politics of Health; Issues in Contemporary Retirement(coedited with Hoover Institution’s Edward Lazear); Aging: Social Security and Medicare; Below-Replacement Fertility in Industrial Societies; and Women and Comparable Worth.

A native of Boston, Massachusetts, Ricardo-Campbell received her bachelor’s of science degree from Simmons College and master’s and PhD degrees from Harvard University. She was preceded in death by her husband, former Hoover Institution Director W. Glenn Campbell. She is survived by three daughters, Diane Rita Campbell, Barbara Lee Gray and Nancy Elizabeth Yaeger, and four grandchildren.

Ricardo-Campbell’s research papers are available at the Hoover Institution Archives.

Source: https://www.hoover.org/press-releases/hoover-institution-celebrates-life-fellow-rita-ricardo-campbell

Image Source:  Rita Ricardo, Class of 1941. Simmons College Yearbook Microcosm, p. 64.

_______________

The 9-generation line from Samuel ‘Moses’ Israel Ricardo
to Rita Ricardo-Campbell

Samuel ‘Moses’ Israel Ricardo (est1624-ca1692) and Diana Israel (1628-1709)

Daniel ‘Samuel’ Israel Ricardo (1657-) and Rebecca ‘Jacob’ Nunes Mendes (1660-1722)

Benjamin ‘Daniel’ Israel Ricardo (1694-1768) and Gracia ‘Isaac’ Saraga (1701-)

Daniel ‘Benjamin’ Israel Ricardo (1722-1787) and Rachel ‘Salomon’ de Rocamora (1745-1787)

Abraham Daniel Ricardo, 1786-1842 and Benvenida ‘Abraham, David’ Senior Coronel (1789-1828)

Daniel Abraham Ricardo 1812-1871 (Birth in Amsterdam) and Jetje Catarina ‘Elias’ Barentz (1811-)

Aaron Daniel Ricardo (1852-1920?) born in Amsterdam, died in London and Rebecca ‘Abraham’ Lopes Salzedo (1850-1900)

David ‘Aaron’ Ricardo (1878-) and Elizabeth Jones (1900-), both born in England

Rita Ricardo-Campbell (16 Mar 1920 (Boston)-July 3, 2016 (Stanford)

 

The 5 generation line from Samuel ‘Moses’ Israel Ricardo
to David Ricardo

Samuel ‘Moses’ Israel Ricardo (est1624-ca1692) and Diana Israel (1628-1709)

David ‘Samuel’ Israel Ricardo (1652-) and Estrella (Strellia) ‘Joseph’ Amadeos (1663-)

Joseph ‘David’ Israel Ricardo (1699-1762) and Hanna ‘Abraham’ Abas (1705-1781)

Abraham ‘Joseph’ Israel Ricardo (1735-1812) and Abigail ‘Abraham’ del Valle (1753-)

David ‘Abraham’ Ricardo (1722-1823) and Priscilla Wilkinson(1775-)