As the previous posting for Economics 370 (International Trade and Finance) taught by Jacob Viner at the University of Chicago during the Winter Quarter of 1944, this posting is based on detailed notes taken by Don Patinkin from which I have extracted a rough course outline with a corresponding list of assigned as well as suggested readings and references.
After the course description, the course outline and Viner’s reading assignments as written by Don Patinkin in his notes have been transcribed. A list of term paper topics for the course has also been transcribed. I am happy to report that almost all of the readings have been properly identified and brought into proper bibliographic form in a separate list placed at the end of this posting. As most of the readings for Viner’s policy course are well on this side of the copyright threshold, fewer links can be offered. The periodical literature that can be accessed at jstor.org has been linked, but most folks this interested in the history of 20th century economics have access to jstor through their university affiliations.
__________________________
[Course Description]
XI. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
- International Economic Policies. A survey, with particular reference to the United States, of the international aspects of the economic policies and activities of governments. Topics: the fundamentals of international trade; tariffs and tariff technique; quotas and exchange controls; commercial treaties; unfair competition; colonial policies; international capital investments; commodity controls; the international aspects of shipping and railroad policies; international economic institutions; economic factors in diplomacy and war. Prereq: Two years’ work in the Division of the Social Sciences, or equiv. Spr: M, W, F, 9, Viner.
Source: The University of Chicago, Announcements, The College and the Divisions. Sessions of 1943-1944. Vol. XLIII, No. 10 (August 10, 1943), p. 317.
__________________________
[Course Outline and Reading Assignments]
Economics 371
International Economic Policies
Spring Quarter, 1944
Jacob Viner
[Outline]
| Subject | LECTURES |
| Types of Econ. Policy | |
| Mercantilism | |
| Scandal Theory | |
| Tariffs (MFN & CMFN) | |
| Tariff Bargaining (History etc.) | |
| New Forms of Trade Barriers | |
| Monopoly Question | |
| Int’l Cartels | |
| Customs-Union | |
| Colonial Problems | |
| Native Labor Problem | |
| Int’l Movements of Capital | |
| Postwar investment policy | |
| Raw Materials | |
| Commodity Agreements | |
| International Agencies | |
[Readings Assigned/Suggested in Sequence As Announced by Viner]
Winslow, “Marxian, Liberal, & Sociological Theories of Imperialism,” JPE v. 39 #6,Dec. ’31, pp. 713-86]
Robbins, Economic Causes of War, pp. 94-8, & Appendix pp. 111-24, London, 1939.
Staley, Foreign Investment & War. U. of C. Public Policy Pamphlets, 13-24]
Sulzbach, “Capitalistic Warmongers” U. of C. Public Policy Pamphlets. 25-35
cf. also Staley “War & The Private Investor” [not assigned]
John H. Herz, “Power Politics & World Organization” Am. Pol. Science Review Dec 42, v. 36 #6.
Int’l Relations. Jacob Viner, Proceeding American Econ Association March ‘44
Jacob Viner. Address before League of Nations. Society in Canada. Interdependence, V. 13 #3 &4 1936, pp. 218-229.
Haberler, Theory of Int’l Trade pp. 211-26, 245-95,
or
Ellsworth, Int’l Econ. pp. 275-340
U.S. Tariff Comm. Reciprocity Report, pp. 27-47, 504-510
Viner, Tariffs, Ency. Soc. Sciences
Tasca, Reciprocal Trade Policy of U.S. ch.’s 2-5 (pp. 10-9
Viner, Most Favored Nations Clause, JPE Feb ’24,
Index Jan ‘31
Viner, Trade Relations between Free-Market & Controlled Economies (League of Nations Memo 1943)
Joseph B. Lockey Am. Journal of Int’l Law 235-43
B. Nolde, Recueil de Cours Academie de Droit Internationale, 1924 II.
Viner—Proc. American Econ. Assoc. March 1944, pp. 315-29 “Intern. Relations between State-Controlled Nat. Economies”
Ellsworth
Haberler
(These not assignments, merely references)
Margaret Gordon, Barriers to World Trade
Howard Ellis, Exchange Control
Henry J. Tasca, World Trading Systems (Diff. between U.S. & Eng. on export controls)
League of Nations, Commercial Policy in Interwar period
[League of Nations] Haberler, Quantitative Trade Controls
Howard Ellis, Exchange Control, pp. 13-17
July [sic, May] ’43 Social Research. Schüller
Corwin Edwards “Int’l Cartels as Obstacles to Int’l Trade”. Proceed. A. E. Assoc. March ‘44
Ervin Hexner “Int. Cartels in the Post-War World” Southern Econ. Journal. Oct. ‘43
New Republic—special supplement on Cartels March 27, 1944
Federalist—No. XI & passim
De Beers “Tariff Aspects of the Federal Union” QJE Nov. 1941
U.S. Tariff Comm. Colonial Tariff Policies, Introduction, pp. 1-16, 26-42, 55-9, 63-78
P. Bidwell Tariff Policy of the U.S. 1933, pp. 70-101
Royal Institute of Int’l Affairs—The Colonial Problem. ch’s 1, 3,4.
Viner. typewritten article on U.S. colonial policy – on reserve.
Violet Conolly, Soviet Trade from the Pacific to the Levant” (1935)
[Violet Conolly], Soviet Economic Policy in East 1933.
Haberler [Regional blocs]—in Seymour Harris ed. Postwar Econ. Problems 1943, pp. 325-344
Skim [next three items]
Feis, Europe the World’s Banker. ch’s 1-3, pp. 463-69
Viner, Int’l Finance & Balance of Power Diplomacy, Southwestern Political and Social Science Quarterly March ’29, V. IX, No. 4.
Viner, Political Aspects of Int’l Finance” Journal of Business of U. of C. April-July ’28.
R.I.I.A.—The Problem of Int’l Investment. ch’s 1, 2,3 (=pp. 1-39); & 8 (=pp. 102-12)
J.W. Angell—Financial For. Policy of U.S. 1933—ch’s 3, 4,7
O. R. Hobson, The Function of Foreign Lending (pamphlet on reserve)
Staley, “Une critique de la protection diplomatique des placements à l’étranger” Revue gén. de Droit Int. Pub. Sept-Oct., 1935, pp. 541-558.
Knorr- Hist. of Eng. Colonial Theories (U of C. Ph.D. thesis)
On forced colonial labor: Lord Olivier, White Men & Colonial Labor (sic, white capital and coloured labour. McMillan (Penguin book). Lord Hailey, African Surveys.
Wallace & Edminster, Int’l Control of Raw Materials, ch’s 1, 9, 10, 11, 12
Staley, Raw Materials in Peace & War ch’s 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8,11
Round Table Discussion. Proceedings A.E. Assoc. (St. Louis, 1926), pp. 41-8
Viner, (Rubber Control), Foreign Affairs, July ‘26
Viner, Raw Materials Problem in Porritt (ed.), The Causes of War, 185-202 (Just look at last two)
Viner, Objectives of Post-War Int’l Econ. Reconstruction. New Wilmington lecture. May 1942,(on reserve).
______________________________
Possible Term Papers
Policy of U. S. with respect to any post war econ.
Lessons for post-war settlement from past failures
Foreign Investment in Backward Countries
Econ. Provisions other than P-p(?)
Lend-Lease as means of Inter-Allied Econ. Relation[?]
Case studies: Missionaries & Imperialism
Am. gov. preferences to domestic trade in gov. purchases
gov. intervention to collect foreign debt—any case study
Study of literature dealing with econ motives of U.S. entry into World War I.
Econ. Doctrine as applied by World Court in its Decisions
Canadian-American Hydro-agreements
Int’l action of cooperatives
Intl trade theories underlying activities of I. L.O.
______________________________
Bibliography for Viner’s Economics 371 in 1944
Angell, James Waterhouse. Financial foreign policy of U.S. New York: 1933. [A report to the second International studies conference on the state and economic life, London, May 29 to June 2, 1933, prepared for the American committee appointed by the council on foreign relations.]
Bidwell, Percy Wells. Tariff policy of the U.S.; A study of recent experience. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.1933 [A report to the second International studies conference on the state and economic life, London, May 29 to June 2, 1933, prepared for the American committee appointed by the council on foreign relations.]
Conolly, Violet. Soviet trade from the Pacific to the Levant, with an economic study of the soviet Far Eastern region. London: Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1935.
Conolly, Violet. Soviet economic policy in the East; Turkey, Persia, Afghanistan, Mongolia and Tana Tuva, Sin Kiang. London: Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1933.
de Beers, John S. Tariff aspects of a federal union. Quarterly Journal of Economics v. 56, no. 1 ( November 1941), pp. 49-92.
Edwards, Corwin D. International cartels as obstacles international trade. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings. v. 34, No. 1, part 2 supplement (March 1944) pp. 330-40.
Ellis, Howard Sylvester. Exchange control in central Europe. Harvard economic studies, no. 69. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1941. [Originally published as ‘Exchange control in Austria and Hungary’ and ‘Exchange control in Germany’ in the Quarterly journal of economics, volume 54, no. 1, part 2, November, 1939 and volume 54, no. 4, part 2, August, 1940.]
Ellsworth, Paul Theodore. International economics. New York: Macmillan, 1938.
Feis, Herbert. Europe the world’s banker, 1870-1914. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1931.
Gordon, Margaret S. Barriers to world trade; a study of recent commercial policy. New York: Macmillan, 1941. [Bureau of international research of Harvard university and Radcliffe college.]
Hamilton, Alexander. The utility of the union in respect to commercial relations and a navy. The Federalist, Number 11. 1787-88.
Haberler, Gottfried. The theory of international trade with its application to commercial policy (translated by Alfred W. Stonier and Frederic Benham). London: W. Hodge & company, 1936.
Haberler, Gottfried. Quantitative trade controls: their causes and nature. Geneva: League of Nations, Series II, Economic and financial. 1943. [“Prepared by Professor Gottfried Haberler … in collaboration with Mr. Martin Hill.”]
Haberler, Gottfried. “The political economy of regional or continental blocs” In Seymour Edwin Harris (ed.), Postwar economic problems, New York, McGraw Hill, 1943, pp. 325-44.
Hailey, William Malcolm (Lord Hailey). An African survey: a study of problems arising in Africa south of the Sahara. London: Oxford University Press, 1938. [Issued by the Committee of the African Research Survey under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs.]p
Herz, John H. Power Politics and world organization. American Political Science Review v. 36, no. 6 (December 1942), pp. 1039-1052.
Hexner, Ervin. International cartels in the postwar world. Southern Economic Journal v. 10, no. 2 (October 1943), pp. 114-135.
Hobson, O.R. The function of foreign lending. [International Chamber of Commerce. 9th International Congress (Berlin), 1937, Document #3].
Knorr, Klaus. British colonial theories, 1570-1850. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1944. [University of Chicago Ph.D. thesis]
League of Nations. Economic, Financial and Transit Department. Commercial policy in interwar period. Geneva: League of Nations, 1942.
Lockey, Joseph B. Pan-Americanism and imperialism. American Journal of International Law vol. 32, no. 2 (April 1938), pp. 244-243.
New Republic. Special supplement on cartels, March 27, 1944.
Nolde, Boris. Recueil des Cours 1924 II. Académie de Droit Internationale.
Olivier, Sydney Haldane (Lord). White capital & coloured labour. London: Independent Labour Party,1906 [also London: Hogarth Press by Leonard & Virginia Woolf]
Robbins, Lionel. Economic causes of war. London: J. Cape, 1939.
Royal Institute of International Affairs. The colonial problem. London: Oxford Press, 1937.
Royal Institute of International Affairs. The problem of international investment. London: Oxford University Press, 1937.
Schüller, Richard. Commercial policy between the two wars; personal observations of a participant. Social Research v. 10, no. 2 (May 1943), pp. 152-174.
Staley, Eugene. War and the private investor; a study in the relations of international politics and international private investment. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday, Doran & company, 1935.
Staley, Eugene. Une critique de la protection diplomatique des placements à l’étranger. Revue Générale de Droit International Public. v. 42 (September-October, 1935), pp. 541-558.
Staley, Eugene. Foreign investment and war. University of Chicago Public Policy Pamphlets, Nr. 18, 1935.
Staley, Eugene. Raw materials in peace and war. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1937.
Sulzbach, Walter. “Capitalistic warmongers”: a modern superstition. University of Chicago Public Policy Pamphlets, Nr.35, 1942.
Henry J. Tasca. The reciprocal trade policy of the U.S.; a study in trade philosophy. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1938.
Henry J. Tasca, World trading systems; a study of American and British commercial policies. Paris: International institute of intellectual co-operation, League of Nations, 1939.
U. S. Tariff Commission. [Stanley Kuhl Hornbeck; Jacob Viner; Clive Day; Walter B. Palmer]. Reciprocity and commercial treaties. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1919.
U. S. Tariff Commission. Colonial tariff policies. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1922.
Viner, Jacob. The most-favored-nations clause in American commercial treaties. Journal of Political Economy v. 32, no. 1 (February 1924), pp. 101-129. [Reprinted in Viner, 1951.]
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1822463
Viner, Jacob. The most-favored-nation clause. Index v. 61 (February 1931), pp. 2-17. [Reprinted in Viner, 1951.]
Viner, Jacob. Political aspects of international finance. Journal of Business of the University of Chicago v. 1, no. 2 and no. 3 (April and July 1928)
Viner, Jacob. International finance and balance of power diplomacy, 1880-1914. Southwestern Political and Social Science Quarterly. v. 9, No. 4 (March 1929).
Viner, Jacob. Tariffs. In vol. 14 of Edwin R. A. Seligman and Alvin Saunders Johnson (eds.) Encylopaedia of the social sciences. New York: Macmillan 1930
Viner, Jacob. Address before League of Nations Society in Canada, Interdependence, v. 13, nos. 3 and 4 (1936), pp. 218-229.
Viner, Jacob. National monopolies of raw materials. (Rubber Control), Foreign Affairs v.4, no. 4 (July 1926), pp. 585-600. (rubber control)
Viner, Jacob. Raw materials problem. In Arthur Porritt and Arthur Salter (eds.), The causes of war. New York: Macmillan, 1932.
Viner, Jacob. U.S. Policy with Respect to the ‘Colonial Problem’. Typescript. [Perhaps later published as “The American interest in the ‘colonial problem.’” New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1944.]
Viner, Jacob. Objectives of post-war international economic reconstruction. New Wilmington lecture, May 1942.
Viner, Jacob. International Economics. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1951.
Viner, Jacob. Trade relations between free-market and controlled economies. Geneva: League of Nations, 1943.
Viner, Jacob. International relations between state-controlled national economies. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings v. 34, no. 1, part 2 (March 1944, pp. 315-29
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1818704
Wallace, Benjamin B. (chairman). American practices analogous to foreign controls over raw materials, round table discussion. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings vol. 17, no. 1 Supplement (March 1927), pp. 41-8. [W. E. Grimes, H. E. Erdman, J. D. Black, Vanderveer Custis, Amos E. Taylor]
Wallace, Benjamin Bruce and Edminster, Lynn Ramsay. International control of raw materials. Brookings Institution. Washington, D.C., 1930.
Winslow, E. M. Marxian, liberal, and sociological theories of imperialism. Journal of Political Economy, v. 39, no. 6 (December 1931), pp. 713-86]
Source: Don Patinkin Papers. Duke University Rare Book Library. Box 3 (Course Materials and Class Notes), Folder “Patinkin as Student: Notebooks (1944)”.
Image source: Jacob Viner on the left, Theodore W. Schultz on the right. Undated. University of Chicago Photographic Archive, apf1-07483, Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.