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Exam Questions Harvard

Harvard. Comparative Fiscal Systems. Final examination, Dunbar, 1884.

 

 

1883-84 brought a significant expansion in economics course offerings at Harvard. Cf. Report published in the Harvard Crimson and the report published in the New York Evening Post.

    1. Mill’s Principles of Political Economy. – Lectures on Banking and the Financial Legislation of the United States. Mon., Wed., Fri., at 9. Prof. Dunbar and Asst. Prof. Laughlin.
    1. History of Economic Theory and a Critical Examination of Leading Writers. – Lectures. Mon., Wed. at 2 and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri. at 2. Prof. Dunbar.
    1. Discussion of Practical Economic Questions. – Theses, Tu., Th., at 3, and a third hour to be appointed by the instructor. Assistant Professor Laughlin.
    1. Economic History of Europe and America since the Seven Years’ War. – Lectures. Mon., Wed., Fri., at 11. Professor Dunbar.
      Course 4 requires no previous study of Political Economy.
    1. Economic Effects of Land Tenures in England, Ireland, France and Germany. – Theses. Once a week, counting as a half course. Asst. Professor Laughlin.
    1. History of Tariff Legislation in the United States. – Once a week, counting as a half course. Mr. Taussig.
    1. Comparison of the Financial Systems of France, England, Germany and the United States. – Tu., at 2, counting as a half course. Professor Dunbar.

Note-to-self: still need to find the mid-year exam for this course.

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Course Enrollment

[Political Economy] 7. Prof. Dunbar. Comparison of the Financial Systems of France, England, Germany, and the United States.— Lectures.

Total 23: 2 Graduates, 19 Seniors, 2 Juniors.

Source: Harvard University. Report of the President of Harvard College, 1883-84, p. 72.

 

POLITICAL ECONOMY 7.
[Final examination, June 1884]

  1. Describe the customary methods of issuing loans in England, France, and the United States.
  2. State the conditions under which loans will sell higher or lower by reason of
    1. annual drawings by lot for payment;
    2. reserved right to pay at pleasure;
    3. agreement to pay at or after some distant dates;
    4. arrangement like that of the “Five-twenties.”
  3. Explain the English method of using terminable annuities for the reduction of the public debt, as in 1867 and 1883.
  4. The comparative advantages and disadvantages of the course of the English government in borrowing upon 3 per cents during the war with Napoleon.
  5. How was it that the Sinking Fund during the same war was not only useless but wasteful?
  6. Legal authority for the Sinking Fund of the United States, its establishment and the failure to comply with its strict obligations.
  7. What has been the practice of England, France, and the United States respectively in regard to taxation of the public debt.
  8. Describe the resumption of specie payments by Italy.
  9. Describe the system on which the German banks of issue are arranged.

Source: Harvard University Archives. Harvard University, Examination Papers, 1873-1915. Box 2, Bound volume “Examination Papers, 1883-86”. Papers Set for Final Examinations in Rhetoric, Philosophy, Political Economy, History, Roman Law, Fine Arts, and Music in Harvard College (June, 1884), p. 13.

Image Source: Charles F. Dunbar in E. H. Jackson and R. W. Hunter (eds.), Portraits of the Harvard Faculty (Boston, 1892).