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Exam Questions Harvard Public Finance

Harvard. Exams for the advanced course in public finance. Bullock 1905-06

Say what you will, Bullock’s courses in public finance attempted to span centuries of fiscal history and had a strong international comparative scope. 

Charles Jesse Bullock also provides us a nice illustration of the ephemeral nature of academic rank and distinction. In the long-run…

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Bullock’s earlier public finance exams
at Harvard

1901-02. Economics 7a and 7b. Financial administration; taxation [undergraduate]

1903-04. Economics 16.  Financial history of the United States

1904-05. Economics 7a. Introduction to public finance [undergraduate]

1904-05. Economics 7b. Theory and methods of taxation [undergraduate]

1904-05. Economics 16. Financial history of the United States.

1905-06 Economics 7.  Public finance [undergraduate]

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From 1910: Short bibliography on public finance “for serious minded students” by Bullock

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Course Enrollment
Economics 16
1905-06

Economics 16. Asst. Professor Bullock. — Public Finance (advanced course).

Total 7: 5 Graduates, 2 Seniors.

Source: Harvard University. Report of the President of Harvard College, 1905-1906, p. 73.

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HARVARD UNIVERSITY
ECONOMICS 16
PUBLIC FINANCE
Mid-year Examination, 1905-06

  1. What were the chief causes of the increase of public expenditure during the nineteenth century?
  2. Can any prediction be made concerning the probable future of any classes of public expenditures?
  3. What has been the history of revenues from domains in European states since the close of the Middle Ages?
  4. What can you say concerning the revenue now derived from domains and industries in Prussia and in England?
  5. How do Seligman and Adams classify public revenues? What are Bastable’s criticisms against Seligman’s classification?
  6. What are the arguments commonly advanced for and against alienation of domains?
  7. With what different definitions of taxes are you familiar? What do you consider a correct definition?
  8. Discuss the comparative merits or demerits of proportional and progressive taxation.

Source: Harvard University Archives. Harvard University. Mid-year Examinations, 1852-1943. Box 7, Bound Volume: Examination Papers, Mid-Years 1905-06.

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ECONOMICS 16
Year-end Examination, 1905-06
[Note: question 6 missing in printed exam]

  1. What is your opinion of the causes and results of the increase of public expenditures in the nineteenth century?
  2. What is your opinion of the merits of the arguments for and against municipal ownership of lighting and traction enterprises in the United States?
  3. Compare the French system of national taxation with the British.
  4. Write an account of the present financial system of the Kingdom of Prussia, considering particularly the following topics: expenditures, domain and industries, taxation, and indebtedness.
  5. What is the present status of corporation taxes in the American commonwealths?
  6. What, in your opinion, would constitute a satisfactory tax system for the State of Massachusetts?
  7. Discuss the incidence of taxes falling upon: (a) wages, (b) rent, (c) interest.
  8. Compare the British budgetary system with that of the United States.

Source: Harvard University Archives. Harvard University, Examination Papers 1873-1915. Box 8, Bound volume: Examination Papers, 1906-07Papers Set for Final Examinations in History, Government, Economics,…,Music in Harvard College (June, 1906),  p. 41.

Image Source: John Harvard statue, ca. 1904. U.S. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.