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Courses Harvard Socialism Syllabus

Harvard. Socialism and Communism. Carver and Bushee, 1901

Beginning with his second year at Harvard, Thomas N. Carver regularly offered a course on schemes of social improvement which covered utopias through marxian socialism, including communistic experimental communities in America. He co-taught his first offering of “Socialism and Communism” in 1901 with the graduate student Frederick A. Bushée who was to go on to teach at Clark University, Colorado College and the University of Colorado. Following a brief c.v. for Bushée, enrollment numbers for the course and its reading list are provided in this post.

Carver’s course reading lists for 1919-20 and 1920 have been previously posted.

Since this post was completed, Economics in the Rear-view Mirror has acquired and transcribed a copy of the final exam for this course.

Links to all the readings but one (Anton Menger, The Right to the Whole Produce of Labor) can be found in the post for Economics 14 (1902-1903).

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Bushée, Frederick Alexander.

Harvard thesis title: Ethnic factors in the population of Boston. New York, Macmillan (London, Sonnenschein), 1903, 8°, pp. viii, 171 (Publ. Amer. Econ. Assoc., ser. 3, 4: no. 2). Preliminary portion pub. as “The growth of the population of Boston,” in Publ. Amer. Statist. Assoc., 1899, n. s., 6: 239-274.

1872, July 21. Born in Brookfield, Vermont.
1894. Litt. B. Dartmouth College.
1894-95. Resident South End House, Boston.
1895-96. Hartford School of Sociology.
1896-97. Resident South End House, Boston.
1897-1900. Graduate student, Harvard University.
1898. Harvard University, A.M.
1900-01. Collège Libre des Sciences Sociales, Collège de France, Paris; University of Berlin.
1901-02. Assistant in Economics, Harvard University.
1902. Harvard University, Ph.D. in Political Science.
1902-03. Instructor in Economics and History in the Collegiate Department of Clark University.
1903-08. Assistant Professor in Economics, Clark University.
1907-08. Instructor in Economics and Sociology, Clark University.
1910-12. Professor of Economics and Sociology at Colorado College.
1912. Hired by University of Colorado. Boulder, Colo.
1916. Professor of Economics and Sociology, and Secretary of the College of Commerce, University of Colorado. Boulder, Colo.
1925-32. Professor of Economics and Sociology, and Acting Dean of the School of Business Administration, University of Colorado. Boulder, Colo.
1939. Retired.
1960, April 4. Died in Boulder, Colorado.

Reminiscence of the Bushees by Earl David Crockett, the son of Bushee’s successor at the University of Colorado.

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[Course Enrollment]

[Economics] 14 1hf. Asst. Professor Carver and Mr. Bushée.—Socialism and Communism.

Total 27: 5 Graduates, 14 Seniors, 2 Juniors, 3 Sophomores, 3 Others.

 

Source: Harvard University. Annual Reports of the President and Treasurer of Harvard College, 1901-02, p. 77.

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ECONOMICS 14

Topics and references. Starred references are prescribed.

HISTORICAL

  1. *Ely, R. T. French and German Socialism.
  2. Russell, Bertrand. German Social Democracy.
  3. Rae, John. Contemporary Socialism.
  4. Kirkup, Thomas. A History of Socialism.
  5. Menger, Anton. The Right to the Whole Produce of Labor.
  6. Bliss, W. D. P. A Handbook of Socialism.
  7. Graham, William. Socialism New and Old.

 

EXPOSITORY AND CRITICAL

  1. *Schaeffle, Albert. The Quintessence of Socialism.
  2. [Shaeffle, Albert.] The Impossibility of Social Democracy.
  3. *Marx, Karl. Capital.
  4. [Marx, Karl] and Engels, Frederick. The Manifesto of the Communist Party.
  5. Engels, Frederick. Socialism: Utopian and Scientific.
  6. Gonner, E. C. K. The Socialist Philosophy of Rodbertus.
  7. [Gonner, E. C. K.] The Socialist State.
  8. Shaw, Bernard, and others. Fabian Essays in Socialism.
  9. Fabian Tracts.
  10. Ely, R. T. Socialism: an Examination of its Nature, Strength, and Weakness.
  11. Bernstein, Edward. Ferdinand Lassalle.
  12. Hyndman, Henry M. The Economics of Socialism.
  13. Webb, Sidney, and Mrs. Beatrice. Problems of Modern Industry.
  14. Simonson, Gustave. A Plain Examination of Socialism.

 

UTOPIAS

  1. *Plato’s Republic.
  2. *More, Sir Thomas. Utopia.
  3. *Bacon, Francis. New Atlantis.
  4. *Campanella, Tommaso. The City of the Sun.
    (Numbers 2, 3, and 4 may be found in convenient form in Henry Morley’s Ideal Commonwealths.)
  5. Cabet, Etienne. Voyage en Icarie.
  6. Morris, William. News from Nowhere.
  7. Bellamy, Edward. Looking Backward.
  8. [Bellamy, Edward.] Equality.

 

COMMUNISTIC EXPERIMENTS

  1. *Nordhoff, Charles. The Communistic Societies of the United States.
  2. Kautsky, Karl. Communism in Central Europe in the Time of the Reformation.
  3. Hinds, W. A. American Communities.
  4. Noyes, J. H. History of American Socialisms.
  5. Codman, J. T. Brook Farm Memoirs.
  6. Shaw, Albert. Icaria.
  7. Randall, E. O. History of the Zoar Society.
  8. Landis, G. B. The Separatists of Zoar.

 

WORKS WITH SOCIALISTIC TENDENCIES

[Under this heading is brought several classes of theories wrongly confused with socialism.]

A. CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM

  1. Lamenais and Kingley. Contemporary Review, April, 1882.
  2. Les Paroles d’un Croyant.
  3. Kingsley, Charles. Alton Locke.
  4. Gladden, Washington. Tools and the Man.
  5. Strong, Josiah. Our Country.
  6. [Strong, Josiah.] The New Era.

B. STATE SOCIALISM

An indefinite term, which is generally made to include all movements for the extension of government control or ownership, especially over Transportation and Lighting systems.

C. AGRARIAN SOCIALISM

  1. *George Henry. Progress and Poverty.

Source: Harvard University Archives. Syllabi, course outlines and reading lists in Economics, 1895-2003 (HUC 8522.2.1) Box 1, Folder “Economics, 1901-1902”.

Image Source: Thomas Nixon Carver in Harvard Album, 1906.