This report is fascinating for a couple of reasons. The search committee understood its task to identify “the names of the most promising young economists, wherever trained and wherever located” from which a short list of three names for the replacement of Louis M. Hacker in Columbia College was selected. Organizationally, Columbia College is where undergraduate economics has been taught so that teaching excellence, including participation in Columbia College’s legendary Contemporary Civilization course sequence, was being sought as well as was potential for significant scholarship. Appendix C provides important information on James Tobin’s graduate economics education. In a later posting, I’ll provide information on others in the long-list of seventeen economists identified by the search committee.
___________________
January 9, 1950
Professor James W. Angell, Chairman
Department of Economics
Columbia University
Dear Mr. Chairman:
The Committee appointed by you to canvass possible candidates for the post in Columbia College that is made available by the designation of Professor Louis M. Hacker as Director of the School of General Studies submits herewith its report.
As originally constituted, this committee was made up of Professors Taylor, Barger, Hart and Haig (chairman). At an early stage the membership was expanded to include Professor Stigler and from the beginning the committee had the advantage of the constant assistance of the chairman of the department.
In accordance with the suggestions made at the budget meeting in November, the committee has conducted a broad inquiry, designed to raise for consideration the names of the most promising young economists, wherever trained and wherever located. In addition to the men known personally to the members of the committee, suggestions were solicited from the authorities at other institutions, including Harvard, Chicago, California and Leland Stanford. By mid December, scrutiny of the records and publications by the committee to the following seventeen:
| Name |
Suggested by |
| Alchian, Armen A. |
Haley |
| Bronfenbrenner, Martin |
Friedman |
| Brownlee, O. H. |
Friedman |
| Christ, Carl L. |
Angell |
| Dewey, D. J. |
Friedman |
| Du[e]senberry, [James] |
Stigler |
| Goodwin, Richard M. |
Burbank |
| Harberger, J. H. |
Friedman |
| Ho[s]elitz, Bert |
Friedman |
| Lewis, H. Gregg |
Hart |
| Machlup, Fritz |
Stigler |
| Nicholls, William H. |
Stigler |
| Nutter, J. W. |
Friedman |
| Pancoast, Omar |
Taylor |
| Schelling, Thomas |
Burbank |
| Tobin, James |
Burbank |
| Vandermeulen, D. C. |
Ellis |
[p. 2]
The meeting of the American Economic Association in New York during the Christmas holidays offered an opportunity to meet many of the men on the above list and to make inquiries regarding them. As a consequence, it has been possible for your committee to make rapid progress with its appraisals. Although the committee is continuing to gather information and data, it is prepared at this time to make a series of definite recommendations, with a high degree of confidence that these recommendations are not likely to be greatly disturbed by its further inquiries.
It is the unanimous opinion of the members of your committee that the most eligible and promising candidate on our list is Martin Bronfenbrenner, associate professor of economics at the University of Wisconsin, at present on leave for special service in Tokyo.
Should Bronfenbrenner prove to be unavailable the committee urges consideration of D. J. Dewey, at present holding a special fellowship at the University of Chicago, on leave from his teaching post at Iowa. As a third name, the committee suggests James Tobin, at present studying at Cambridge, England, on a special fellowship from Harvard.
Detailed information regarding the records of these three men will be found in appendices to this report.
Bronfenbrenner, the first choice of the committee, is 35 years old. He received his undergraduate degree from Washington University at the age of 20 and his Ph.D. from Chicago at 25. During his war service, he acquired a good command of the Japanese language. He taught at Roosevelt College, Chicago, before going to Wisconsin and undergraduate reports of his teaching are as enthusiastic as those of the authorities at Chicago. He happens to be personally well known to two of the members of your committee (Hart and Stigler) and to at last two other member of the department (Shoup and Vickrey), all four of whom commend him in high terms.
The following statement from Hart, dated December 6, 1929, was prepared after a conference with Friedman of Chicago:
“Bronfenbrenner is undoubtedly one of the really powerful original thinkers in the age group between thirty and thirty-five. He has always very much enjoyed teaching; my impression is that his effectiveness has been with the upper half of the student body at Roosevelt College and at Wisconsin. He is primarily a theorist but has a wide range of interest and a great deal of adaptability so it would not be much of a problem to fit him in somewhere [p. 3] in terms of specialization. He would do a good deal to keep professional discussion stirring in the University. My impression is that he tends to be underrated by the market, and that a chance at Columbia College might well be his best opportunity for some time ahead. The difficulty is, of course, that there is no chance of arranging an interview; though Shoup and Vickrey, of course, both saw him last summer.”
In a letter dated December 15, Shoup wrote as follows:
“I have a high regard for Martin Bronfenbrenner’s intellectual capacities, and I think he would fit in well in the Columbia scene. He has an excellent mind and a great intellectual independence. In his writings he sometimes tends to sharp, almost extreme statements, but in my opinion, they almost always have a solid foundation, and in conversation he is always ready to explore all sides of the question. When we had to select someone to take over the tax program in Japan, after the report had been formulated, and oversee the implementation of the program by the Japanese government, it was upon my recommendation that Bronfenbrenner was selected. He arrived in Japan in the middle of August and his work there since that time has confirmed me in my expectations that he would be an excellent selection for the job, even though he did not have very much technical background in taxation. I rank him as one of the most promising economists in his age group in this country, and I should not be surprised if he made one or more major contributions of permanent value in the coming years.
“He has gone to Japan on a two year appointment, after having obtained a two year leave of absence from the University of Wisconsin. My understanding is that on such an appointment he could come back to the United States at the end of one year, provided he paid his own passage back. It might be possible that even this requirement would be waived, but I have no specific grounds for thinking so. I believe the major part of his work with respect to implementing the tax program will have been completed by next September. If the committee finds itself definitely interested in the possibility of Bronfenbrenner’s coming to Columbia, I should not let the two year appointment stand in the way of making inquiries.”
The breadth and rang of his interests recommend Bronfenbrenner as a person who would probably be highly [p.4] valuable in the general course in contemporary civilization and the quality of his written work suggests high promise as a productive scholar in one or more specialized fields.
Your committee considers that the appropriate rank would be that of associate professor.
Respectfully submitted,
[signed]
Robert M. Haig
______________________________
Appendix A – Martin Bronfenbrenner
The following data regarding Bronfenbrenner are taken chiefly from the 1948 Directory of the American Economic Assoication:
Born: 1914
Education and Degrees:
A.B. Washington University, 1934
Ph.D. University of Chicago 1939
1940-42, George Washington School of Law
Fields: Theory, mathematical economics, statistical methods, econometrics
Doctoral dissertation: Monetary theory and general equilibrium
Publications:
“Consumption function controversy”, Southern Economic Journal, January, 1948
“Price control under imperfect competition”, American Economic Review, March, 1947
“Dilemma of Liberal Economics,” Journal of Political Economy, August, 1946
Additional publications:
“Post-War Political Economy: The President’s Reports”, Journal of Political Economy, October, 1948
Various book reviews including one on W. I. King’s The Keys to Prosperity, Journal of Political Economy, December, 1948, and A. H. Hansen’s Monetary Theory and Fiscal Policy, Annals
Additions to list of publications circulated, January 9, 1950
“The Economics of Collective Bargaining”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, August, 1939.
(with Paul Douglas) “Cross-Section Studies in the Cobb-Douglas Function”, Journal of Political Economy, 1939.
“Applications of the Discontinuous Oligopoly Demand Curve”, Journal of Political Economy, 1940.
“Diminishing Returns in Federal Taxation” Journal of Political Economy, 1942.
“The Role of Money in Equilibrium Capital Theory”, Econometrica (1943).
______________________________
Appendix B – D. J. Dewey
On leave from Iowa.
In 1948 studied at Cambridge, England.
1949-50, at Chicago on special fellowship.
Bibliography:
Notes on the Analysis of Socialism as a Vocational Problem, Manchester School, September, 1948.
Occupational Choice in a Collectivist Economy, Journal of Political Economy, December, 1948.
Friedman and Schultz are highly enthusiastic.
Statement by Hart, dated December 6, 1949:
“Friedman regards Dewey as first rate and points to an article on ‘Proposal for Allocating the Labor Force in a Planned Economy’ (Journal of Political Economy, as far as I remember in July 1949) for which the J.P.E. gave a prize as the best article of the year. I read the article, rather too quickly, a few weeks ago and it is definitely an imaginative and powerful piece of work. How the conclusions would look after a thorough-going seminar discussion, I am not clear; but the layout of questions is fascinating.”
______________________________
Appendix [C] – James Tobin
Statement by Burbank of Harvard, dated December 14, 1949:
“We have known Tobin a good many years. He came to us as a National Scholar, completed his work for the A.B. before the war and had advanced his graduate work very well before he went into the service. He received his Ph.D. in 1947. Since 1947 he has been a Junior Fellow. He was a teaching fellow from 1945 to 1947. He is now in Cambridge, England, and will, I believe, begin his professional work by next fall. Since Tobin has been exposed to Harvard for a very long time I believe that he feels that for his own intellectual good he should go elsewhere. I doubt if we could make a stronger recommendation than Tobin nor one in which there will be greater unanimity of opinion. Certainly he is one of the top men we have had here in the last dozen years. He is now intellectually mature. He should become one of the handful of really outstanding scholars of his generation. His interests are mainly in the area of money but he is also interested in theory and is competent to teach at any level.”
Data supplied by Harvard:
Address: Department of Applied Economics, Cambridge University, England
Married: Yes, one child
Born: 1918, U.S.
Degrees:
A. B. Harvard, 1939 (Summa cum laude)
A.M. Harvard, 1940
Ph.D. Harvard, 1947
Fields of Study: Theory, Ec. History, Money and Banking, Political Theory: write-off, Statistics
Special Field: Business Cycles
Thesis Topic: A Theoretical and Statistical Analysis of Consumer Saving
Experience:
1942-45 U.S. Navy
1945-47 Teaching Fellow, Harvard University
1947- Junior Fellow, Society of Fellows
[p. 2 of Appendix C]
Courses: 1939-40
Ec. 21a (Stat.) A
Ec. 121b (Adv. St.) A
Ec. 133 (Ec. Hist) A
Ec. 147a (M&B Sem) A
Ec. 145b (Cycles) A
Ec. 113b (Hist. Ec.) Exc.
Gov. 121a (Pol.Th.) A
1940-1941
Ec. 121a (Stat.) A
Ec. 164 (Ind. Org.) A
Ec. 20 (Thesis) A
Ec. 118b (App. St.) A
Math 21 A
Ec. 104b (Math Ec.) A
1946-47 Library and Guidance
Generals: Passed May 22, 1940 with grade of Good Plus
Specials: Passed May 9, 1947 with grade of Excellent.
Data from 1948 Directory of American Economic Association:
Harvard University, Junior Fellow
Born: 1918
Degrees: A. B., Harvard, 1939; Ph.D., Harvard, 1947j
Fields: Business fluctuations, econometrics, economic theory, and mathematical economics
Dissertation: A theoretical and statistical analysis of consumer saving.
Publications:
“Note on Money Wage Problem”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1941.
“Money Wage Rates and Employment”, in New Economics (Knopf, 1947).
“Liquidity Preference and monetary Policy”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 1947.
[pencil addition] Article in Harris (ed.), The New Economics, 1947.
______________________________
Source: Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library. Department of Economics Collection, Box 6, Folder “Columbia College”
Image Source: The beyondbrics blog of the Financial Times.
